Industrial Age Medicine

Rebecca Vickers

Description

By the middle of the 18th century, the profession of medicine and its place in the sciences was entering a period of rapid change. Many of the old ideas about the human body and how to cure or prevent diseases were being questioned. But was this just by chance? This book shows how a wide range of inventions, developments, and other factors created ideal circumstances for medicine to make huge advances in the Industrial Age.

Informations

• Publié par: Capstone Global Library
• Date de parution: 10 septembre 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781406256468
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 13 Mo

Extrait

MEDICINE THROUGH THE AGES INDUSTRIAL AGE MEDICINE

MEDICINE THROUGH THE AGES

INDUSTRIAL AGE MEDICINE Rebecca Vickers

Raintree is an imprint of Capstone Global Library Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales having its registered ofîce at 7 Pilgrim Street, London, EC4V 6LB – Registered company number: 6695582

Text © Capstone Global Library Limited 2013 First published in hardback in 2013 The moral rights of the proprietor have been asserted.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS (www.cla.co.uk). Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission should be addressed to the publisher.

Edited by Andrew Farrow, Adam Miller, and  Vaarunika Dharmapala Designed by Philippa Jenkins Picture research by Ruth Blair Originated by Capstone Global Library Ltd Printed and bound in China by Leo Paper  Products Ltd

ISBN 978 1 406 23873 0 (hardback) 16 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Vickers, Rebecca. Industrial age medicine. -- (Medicine through the ages) 610.9’033-dc22 A full catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Alamy pp. 6 (© North Wind Picture Archives), 12, 24, 29 (© The Protected Art Archive), 32 (© Paris Pierce), 33 (© Vario Images GmbH & Co. KG), 39 (© Photo Researchers); Corbis pp. 10 (© The Gallery Collection), 23 (© Bettmann); Courtesy of NLM p. 28; Getty Images pp. 18, 26, 27, 35 (Hulton Archive), 21 (Buyenlarge), 22 (MPI), 30 (SSPL), 36 (Museum of the City of New York); Mary Evans Picture Library p. 14; Science Photo Library pp. 19 (Jim Varney), 20, 38 (National Library of Medicine), Wellcome Library, London pp. 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 16, 19, 25, 31, 34, 37, 41.

Cover photograph of a painting of Florence Nightingale attending a patient at Scutari Barracks, Turkey, reproduced with permission of Alamy (© Mary Evans Picture Library).

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of any material reproduced in this book. Any omissions will be rectiîed in subsequent printings if notice is given to the publisher.

Disclaimer All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of going to press. However, due to the dynamic nature of the internet, some addresses may have changed, or sites may have changed or ceased to exist since publication. While the author and publisher regret any inconvenience this may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be accepted by either the author or the publisher.

Contents

Medicine on the move. . . . . . . . . . . 4 Beginning to understand diseases . . . . 8 Cleaning up medicine . . . . . . . . . . 12 The proof of germ theory . . . . . . . 16 Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The growth of public health . . . . . . 24 War and changes in medicine . . . . . 30 Women and medicine . . . . . . . . . . 34 The brain,themind,andmedicine. . . 38 The medical revolution . . . . . . . . . 40 Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Find out more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Some words are shown in bold,like this. You can find out what they mean by looking in the glossary. You can also look out for them in the “Word Station” box at the bottom of each page.

4

Medicine on the move

By the mid-18th century, the profession of medicine was entering a period of rapid change and development. Many old ideas about the human body and how to cure and prevent diseases were being questioned. Doctors themselves were becoming better trained and more professional and organized in their approach.

This etching by William Hogarth is known as both The Company and A of Undertakers Consultation of Physicians (1736). It shows that doctors were traditionally viewed very negatively. They were seen as overpaid and lazy, and some were regarded who sold useless as quacks remedies. This view began to change in the mid 18th century as the profession became more regulated.

Becoming a doctor One of the routes a young man could follow to become a doctor was to attend university. Universities in Edinburgh, London, Leiden in the Netherlands, and Salerno in Italy, were all respected for the medical training they offered. Other young menapprenticedthemselves to a medical professional, while still others paid to attend private medical lectures. There were no set medical curriculums, no specific requirements, and only a few professional organizations.

WORD STATION quack unqualified person who claims to have medical knowledge