Materials

Louise Spilsbury, Richard Spilsbury

Description

The world is full of materials, and they are all different. This book explores the wide range of materials we use, looking at their properties and what makes them suitable for different applications.

Informations

• Publié par: Capstone Global Library
• Date de parution: 15 août 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781406270228
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 27 Mo

Extrait

Essential Physical Science

Richard and Louise Spilsbury

Raintree is an imprint of Capstone Global Library Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales having its registered oce at 7 Pilgrim Street, London, EC4V 6LB – Registered company number: 6695582

To contact Raintree, please phone [phone], fax + 44 (0) 1865 312263, or email [e-mail].

Text © Capstone Global Library Limited 2014 First published in hardback in 2014 The moral rights of the proprietor have been asserted.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS (www.cla.co.uk). Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission should be addressed to the publisher.

Edited by Andrew Farrow and Abby Colich Designed by Cynthia Akiyoshi Original illustrations © Capstone Global Library Ltd 2014 Illustrated by HL Studios Picture research by Tracy Cummins Originated by Capstone Global Library Ltd Printed in China by China Translation and Printing Services

ISBN 978-1-4062-5994-0 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Spilsbury, Louise.  Materials. -- (Essential physical science)  1. Materials--Juvenile literature.  I. Title II. Series III. Spilsbury, Richard, 1963-  620.1’1-dc23  ISBN-13: 9781406259940

Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Capstone Library: pp. 16 (Karon Dubke), 17 (Karon Dubke), 32 (Karon Dubke), 33 (Karon Dubke), 40 (Karon Dubke), 41 (Karon Dubke); Getty Images: pp. 4 (Adina Tovy/ Robert Harding), 11 (Monty Rakusen), 25 (Ryan McVay), 26 (NNE-CHRISTINE POUJOULAT/AFP), 31 (Jonathan Kirn), 39 (Peter Ginter); Photo Researches: pp. 7 (David Hay Jones / Science Source), 8 (Peter Bowater), 21 (Jeremy Walker), 30 left (Dante Fenolio); Shutterstock: pp. 5 (Harsanyi Andras), 9 (© design56), 10 (© demarcomedia), 12(© ppart), 14 (© Ruslan Kudrin), 15 (© Carly Rose Hennigan), 18 (© Tyler Olson), 20 (© TFoxFoto), 22 (© Pecold), 24 (© Ronald Sumners), 28 (© Matthew Racine), 30 right (© Ruslan Semichev), 36 (© Vadim Ratnikov), 37 (© John Leung), 42 (© EcoPrint), 43 (© Ales Liska); Superstock: pp. 13 (moodboard), 34 (Louie Psihoyos / Science Faction), 35 (Exactostock).

Cover photograph of a close up of colorful plastic chairs stacked reproduced with permission from Shutterstock (©V.Kuntsman).

Every eort has been made to contact copyright holders of material reproduced in this book. Any omissions will be rectied in subsequent printings if notice is given to the publisher.

Disclaimer All the internet addresses (URLs) given in this book were valid at the time of going to press. However, due to the dynamic nature of the internet, some addresses may have changed, or sites may have changed or ceased to exist since publication. While the author and publisher regret any inconvenience this may cause readers, no responsibility for any such changes can be accepted by either the author or the publisher.

Contents

What are materials? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 How do we use materials? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 How do we tell materials apart? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 How do materials change physically? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 What are chemical changes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 What new materials do we make? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 How do we choose materials? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Find out more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Eureka moment! Learn about important discoveries that have brought about further knowledge and understanding.

Some words are shown in bold,like this. You can find out what they mean by looking in the glossary.

i know Discover fascinating facts about materials.

WHAT’S NEXT?

Read about the latest research and advances in essential physical science.

PH

What are materials? We depend on different materials every day. Materials are the I L I N substances such as metal and paper that we use to make things. They are used to construct cities, make homes comfortable, build computers and aeroplanes, produce foods and medicines, produce electricity, and to help us communicate, see, and hear. It is important to know about different materials so we know which ones to choose for different purposes.

This immense bridge under construction in Japan is made from many thick steel girders and concrete. These tough materials will keep it standing in the rough sea and supporting thousands of vehicles crossing it each day after completion.

4

Eureka! In 2012 Chinese scientists discovered ancient clay pots in a cave in China. At 20,000 years old, they are the oldest in the world. The pots were probably used to cook foods such as rice.

A bridge can span a canyon or an ocean bay because it is made of tough metal and concrete that can carry the weight of cars and lorries. The pages of this book are made from paper because it is thin, light, and flexible.