Microworlds

Stanislaw Lem

Description

The author of Solaris critiques science fiction in a collection of provocative essays.

Celebrated science fiction master Stanislaw Lem turns his always sharp and insightful pen to criticism in this bold and controversial analysis of the genre for which he is most known. In this collection of ten essays—ranging from an introspective examination of his own biographical and literary history to biting scrutiny of fellow authors and their works—Lem takes a keen look at the influence, shortcomings, merit, and importance of science fiction, touching on topics from Philip K. Dick (“a genius among the charlatans”) to time travel, cosmology, and Jorge Luis Borges.
 
Whether deriding the genre’s tendency to adhere to well-worn patterns of adventure or lauding its ability to, when executed correctly, discover ideas that have not been thought of or done before, Lem’s quick wit, razor tongue, and impeccable insights make Microworlds a master class of scientific and literary analysis from one of the undisputed legends of science fiction.

Sujets

• Robots
• Poland
• Science fiction
• Time travel
• Polish literature
• Literary criticism
• List of science fiction authors
• List of science fiction genres
• List of Polish-language authors
• The Adding Machine: Collected Essays
• Sci Fi

Informations

• Publié par: Open Road Media
• Date de parution: 18 juillet 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 2
• EAN13: 9780544080157
• Langue: English

Extrait

Contents
Title Page
Contents
Copyright
Introduction
REFLECTIONS ON MY LIFE
ON THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE FICTION
SCIENCE FICTION: A HOPELESS CASE—WITH EXCEPTIONS
PHILIP K. DICK: A VISIONARY AMONG THE CHARLATANS
THE TIME-TRAVEL STORY AND RELATED MATTERS OF SCIENCE-FICTION STRUCTURING
METAFANTASIA: THE POSSIBILITIES OF SCIENCE FICTION
COSMOLOGY AND SCIENCE FICTION
TODOROV’S FANTASTIC THEORY OF LITERATURE
UNITAS OPPOSITORUM: THE PROSE OF JORGE LUIS BORGES
ABOUT THE STRUGATSKYS’ ROADSIDE PICNIC
Bibliography
Books by Stanislaw Lem
Footnotes
Copyright © 1984 by Harcourt Brace & Company
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department. Harcourt Brace & Company. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando. Florida 32887-6777.
"Reflections on My Life,” New Yorker, January 30, 1984, copyright © 1984 by Stanislaw Lem, reprinted by permission.
“On the Structural Analysis of Science Fiction.” Science-Fiction Studies, Spring 1973, copyright © 1973 by R. D. Mullen and Darko Suvin.
"Science Fiction: A Hopeless Case—with Exceptions,” Science Fiction Commentary, July–September 1973, copyright © 1972 by Stanislaw Lem and Franz Ronensteiner.
"Philip K. Dick: A Visionary among the Charlatans.” Science-Fiction Studies, March 1975, copyright © 1975 by R. D. Mullen and Darko Suvin.
"The Time-Travel Story and Related Matters of Science-Fiction Structuring.” Science-Fiction Studies, Spring 1974, copyright © 1974 by R. D. Mullen and Darko Suvin.
"Metafantasia: The Possibilities of Science Fiction,” Science-Fiction Studies, March 1981, copyright © 1981 by SFS Publications.
"Cosmology and Science Fiction,” Science-Fiction Studies, July 1977, copyright © 1977 by R. D. Mullen and Darko Suvin.
"Todorov’s Fantastic Theory of Literature.” Science-Fiction Studies. Fall 1974, copyright © 1974 by R. D. Mullen and Darko Suvin.
"Unitas Oppositorum: The Prose of Jorge Luis Borges,” Science Fiction Commentary, April 1971, copyright © 1971 by Stanislaw Lem and Franz Rottensteiner.
“About the Strugatskys’ Roadside Picnic,” Science-Fiction Studies, 1983. copyright © 1983 by SFS Publications.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lem, Stanislaw. Microworlds: writings on science fiction and fantasy. "A Helen and Kurt Wolff book.” Bibliography: p. 279 1. Science fiction—History and criticism—Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Fantastic fiction—History and criticism—Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Rottensteiner, Franz. II. Title. PN3433.8.L4 1984 809.3’876 84-12837 ISBN 0-15-159480-5 ISBN 0-15-659443-9 (Harvest: pbk.)
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Introduction
It was toward the end of the 1960s that I began corresponding with Stanislaw Lem. I had been a voracious reader of science fiction for many years, although I disliked most of what I read and saw it as a waste of the form’s potential. Perhaps it was this similarity in our views that Lem found attractive.
Science fiction differs from other popular genres in that its readers are frequently articulate, eager to meet and talk with other science-fiction fans. There is a whole sciencefiction subculture, with hundreds of amateur magazines, or “fanzines,” devoted to science fiction, its authors, and its audience. These magazines, most with a circulation of only a few hundred copies, are found not only in the United States, where they started, but all over the world, even in Communist countries. Since the early 1960s I myself have edited such a fanzine, called Quarber Merkur; it is devoted to the analysis of science fiction and fantasy writing and is rather critical of them. At that time I knew of Lem, but I considered him only one science-fiction writer among many, though perhaps the most important in Eastern Europe; I had read very little of his work. In Germany he was little more than a name; few of his books had appeared in German, mainly in East Germany. His first science-fiction novel, Astronauci (1951; The Astronauts), had been widely translated, and a few other works had appeared in France and Italy, mostly in atrocious translations. That was all.
In 1968 I published a review of an East German translation of Lem’s novel The Invincible in my magazine and sent the author a copy, without comment. In response, Lem wrote me a long and extremely interesting letter in German. That was the beginning of a long correspondence; by now Lem’s letters to me fill three large files. They constitute the most detailed documentation in the West of Lem’s thoughts, activities, and international career since 1968. From his letters I recognized a truly remarkable mind, and when I became a science-fiction editor in West Germany |n 1970 I was able to publish him. Then it occurred to me that I might do more for Lem if I became his literary agent.
Early in our correspondence, Lem indicated that he was planning to write a study of science fiction but was having difficulty obtaining source materials. I sent him what I considered interesting and drew his attention to a number of writers, among them Cordwainer Smith, Philip K. Dick, J. G. Ballard, C. M. Kornbluth, and Philip Jose Farmer. Aside from supplying some works of science fiction and also some of the few then existing books about science fiction (especially the criticism of Damon Knight and James Blish), I made no attempt to influence the shape of Lem’s book, nor would any such endeavor have been successful with a writer like Lem. (Curiously, some science-fiction writers later implied I had unduly influenced Lem or even made him up.)
The result of Lem’s efforts was finally published in 1971 as Fantastyka i futurologia (Science Fiction and Futurology). It is both a rigorous investigation of the theoretical basis of science fiction and a detailed analysis of many of its major topics and literary themes. The first volume in particular contains some highly theoretical reasoning that is without precedent in other books on science fiction, most of which are historical, biographical, or bibliographical in character. So far Lem’s book has appeared outside Poland only in German and (in abridged form) in Hungarian. Two chapters have been published in English in the journal Science-Fiction Studies, “The Time-Travel Story and Related Matters of Science-Fiction Structuring” and “Metafantasia: The Possibilities of Science Fiction.” Both give an indication of the freshness and originality of Lem’s approach and also shed light on his own science fiction.
While Lem was writing Fantastyka i futurologia, we corresponded a great deal, and in his letters Lem provided extensive explanations of what he was doing. Later I pub lished some of these letters as separate articles. “On the Structural Analysis of Science Fiction” had its genesis in a lengthy letter; it is the most succinct statement of the aims of Lem’s book. Lem also wrote many reviews and essays for my magazine, and I translated many of Lem’s writings for Australian publications like John Foyster’s Journal of Omphalistic Epistemology and especially Bruce Gillespie’s Science Fiction Commentary. These writings proved quite controversial for science-fiction buffs, especially the long essay ‘‘Science Fiction: A Hopeless Case—with Exceptions,” a more polemical version of a chapter from Fantastyka i futurologia.
Lem has an insatiable thirst for knowledge and more of a philosophical than a poetic bent; scientific and philosophical inquiry has always played an important part in his work. Even in his fiction there is a strong essayistic element. Learned disquisitions are frequently woven into the plot, and if anything this practice has grown stronger with the passage of time. The stories in the various cycles (such as the I jon Tichy tales, the Pirx stories, and the philosophical tales of the Cyberiad) become more complex with time; sometimes they carry so heavy an intellectual load that the story is in danger of being smothered. Moreover, Lem leans increasingly toward forms that are hybrids of fiction and nonfiction. His Master’s Voice, a novel of science, is actually a brilliant essay on the limits of human knowledge, the process of cognition, and the moral responsibility of the scientist. It was followed by fictions that do away altogether with conventional characters and narrative. A Perfect Vacuum is a collection of reviews of nonexistent books; Imaginary Magnitude brings together introductions to equally nonexistent works.
So it is hardly surprising that Lem should have made a critical study of the problem that interests him most, that of the scientific and literary foundations of his own and others’ writings. Given the vagaries of translation, however, very little of Lem’s criticism is available in English, and most of what is available deals with science fiction, the genre which Lem himself favors most of the time. Of course, the practice of science fiction is an important subject of Lem’s nonfiction writing, but it is only one of many. Lem’s interests range from cybernetics and artificial intelligence to cosmology and cosmogony, genetic en