A Comparative Vocabulary Study Guide: Spanish to English

Robert D. O'Brian

Description

The Comparative Vocabulary Study Guide, Spanish to English, highlights over 7,500 selected Spanish words that have either the same spelling and meaning as their English counterparts or contain easily recognizable English meanings.

This guide jump-starts the student into a knowledge of Spanish or English, by concentrating on easily recognizable words common to these languages. It teaches a basic vocabulary by word association.

This guide is designed after the "vocabulary first" method of language instruction as advocated by the author. The student then is taught how to structure a particular vocabulary into meaningful sentences and concepts.

Sujets

• Travel
• South America

Informations

• Publié par: eBookIt.com
• Date de parution: 09 mars 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781939748492
• Langue: English

Extrait

A Comparative
Vocabulary Study Guide
Spanish to English
 
Una Guía de Estudios Comparativa del
Vocabulario Español e Inglés
 
 
Highlighting over 7,500 selected Spanish words
that have either the same spelling and meaning as their
English language counterparts or contain
easily recognizable English meanings.
 
 
Destacando más de 7,500 palabras seleccionadas en
Español que tienen, ya sea la misma ortografía y
significado que su contraparte en Inglés, o contienen
significados en Inglés fácilmente reconocibles.
 
 
Robert D. O’Brian
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Winter-Spring 2010

 
 
Copyright 2014 Robert D. O'Brian,
All rights reserved.
 
Published in eBook format by NewBookPublishing.com
Converted by http://www.eBookIt.com
 
 
ISBN-13: 978-1-939748-49-2
 
Library of Congress Control Number: APPLIED FOR
 
Published by
NewBookPublishing.com, a division of Reliance Media, Inc.
515 Cooper Commerce Dr., #140
Apopka, FL 32703
www.NewBookPublishing.com
 
 
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.
 
The contents of this work including, but not limited to, the accuracy of events, people, and places depicted; opinions expressed; permission to use previously published materials included; and any advice given or actions advocated are solely the responsibility of the author, who assumes all liability for said work and indemnifies the publisher against any claims stemming from publication of the work.

 
 
 
For Joseph, Rosie, Grace, Carlos and Mark
with special thanks to Mechel and Maria Cristina
Introduction
This guide is alphabetical, A through Z, with each letter comprising a separate listing, further divided into three sections: words that are interchangeable between Spanish and English (same spelling and meaning); Spanish nouns, adjectives and adverbs containing easily recognizable English language meanings; and, Spanish verbs with easily recognizable English language meanings.
 
All Spanish words appearing in this guide are given the general meanings used in Argentina. Word pronunciations vary between spoken Spanish and English, including almost all of the interchangeable words. All listings in this guide are the compiler’s personal selections and are not intended to be all-inclusive and, English definitions often include all relevant meanings.
 
The guide also is useful in expanding Spanish verb infinitives into the present progressive tense – what is happening now. There are over 1,100 easily recognizable verbs appearing in the guide that can be expanded into the present progressive. As in English, there are two parts to this tense: the auxiliary “to be” and the present participle (the “ing” verbal ending). The Spanish auxiliary is “estar”. The present participles of regular verbs are formed by dropping the “ar” from the “ar” ending verbs and adding “ando” to the stem; for “ir” and “er” ending verbs add “iendo” to the stem.
 
Not all possible or conceivable words that could fit the guide’s objective have been listed. Only the most obvious and useful words are shown and the user is given space to augment the listings according to his or her preferences.
 
The signs and symbols appearing in this guide are identified as follows:
 
(A) = the feminine ending
(f) = feminine
(m) = masculine
(n) = noun
(adj) = adjective
(adv) = adverb
ó = or
ú = or
sthg = something
sb = somebody
s = plural

 
(AERO) = aeronautics
(AGRIC) = agriculture
(ANAT) = anatomical
(ARCHIT) = architecture
(ARTE) = art, artistic
(ASTROL) = astrology
(ASTRON) = astronomy
(AUTO) = automotive
(BIOL) = biology
(BOT) = botany
(CINE) = cinema
(COM) = commercial
(DEP) = sports
(DER) = legal
(ECON) = economics
(ELECTR) = electrical
(FIN) = financial
(FIS) = physics
(FOTO) = photography
(GEN) = general meaning
(GEOG) = geography
(GEOL) = geology
(GRAM) = grammar
(INFORM) = inf. technology
(LITER) = literature
(MAT) = mathematics
(MECAN) = mechanical
(MED) = medical
(METEO) = meteorological
(MIL) = military
(MUS) = music
(NAUT) = nautical
(POL) = politics
(QUIM) = chemistry
(RELIG) = religion
(TECNOL) = technology
(ZOOL) = zoology
 
Spanish Pronunciation Guide for English speakers
 
Below is a guide to the pronunciation of the letters of the Spanish alphabet:
 
A : as the a in f a ther
B, v : when found at the beginning of a word or following a consonant, these are pronounced as a b . Otherwise, they have a sound which falls somewhere between the English b and v sounds.
C : before a consonant or a , o , or u , as the c in c at ; before e or i as an s
CH : as the ch in ch ur ch
D : as the English d except between vowels and following l or n where it is pronounced as the th in th is
E : for a syllable ending in a vowel, as the e in th e y ; for a syllable ending in a consonant, as the e in g e t
F : as the f in f or
G : before e or i , as the Spanish j ; otherwise as the g in g et
H : silent
I : as i in mach i ne
J : as an h but stronger; silent when at the end of a word
K : as the k in k ilo
L : as an l in l ee
LL : as the y in y ou . However, in Argentina it is pronounced as sh in sh oe
M : as an m in m other
N : as an n ; except where it appears before a v , as an m
Ñ : as the n in o n ion
O : for a syllable ending in a vowel, as the o in v o te ; for a syllable ending in a consonant, as the o in p o t
P : as a p in p ot
Q : as a k ; always followed by a silent u
R : pronounced with a strong trill at the beginning of a word and following an l , n , or s ; very little trill when at the end of a word; and medium trill in other positions
RR : strongly trilled
S : before consonants b , d , g , l , m , n , as a z ; otherwise as an s
T : as a t
U : as the u in r u le ; silent after q and in the groups gue and gui
V : see b , v
W : usually pronounced as a v
X : when between vowels, as the x in bo x ; before a consonant, as an s
Y : when used as a vowel, such as in the words y and voy , it is pronounced as the Spanish i . As a consonant it is pronounced as Y in y es
Z : as an s
 
Notes:
 
If the word has an accent mark, only that syllable is stressed; for words ending in a vowel, or n or s , the next to last syllable is stressed; for words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable.
 
The vowels a , e , and o are "strong" vowels, i and u are "weak". Two vowels fall together the following applies:
 
 
If the word has an accent mark, then that syllable is stressed ( c ó ncavo, enfermer í a ) ; a weak + strong combination belongs to one syllable with the stress falling on the strong vowel ( c a uto, cali e nte ) ; a weak + weak combination belongs to one syllable with the stress falling on the second vowel ( constru i r , cu i dado ) ; and, a strong + strong combination is divided into two syllables.( aca-rre- ar , co- rre -a )
 
English Pronunciation Guide for Spanish speakers
Algunas letras en Inglés tienen varias formas de pronunciación. Los sonidos proporcionados en Español son sólo una aproximación.
 
Letra en Inglés - Sonido aproximado - Ejemplo
A = a como en a rco - c a r
e como e co - m a ny
(antes de consonante + e final) - ei como en p ei ne - f a te
(entre consonantes) ai como ei en p ei ne - r ai n
au similar a la a de b a ta - c au se
 
B = como en b om b a - b oy
 
C = (antes de a, o, u ) - como en c ama - c at
(antes de e, i ) - como en c ena - c ereal
ch como en ch eque - ch eck
 
D = como en d oble - D avid
dge como en y a - knowle dge
 
E = entre “a” y “e” - th a nks
e como en e star - l e t
i como en c i nco - h e , b e
(final de monosílabo) - iu como en d iu rno - n ew , f ew
(final de la palabra) - (muda) - fin e , liv e
(antes de t, d ) - ea como i en r i val - r ea d, ea t
ea como ei en r ey- gr ea t
ea como e en e rror - sw ea ter
(después de consonante) - ee como i en k i lo - b ee , s ee
ei como i en n i do - n ei ther
ei como ei en p ei ne - ei ght
 
F = como en f allo - f ace
 
G = (antes de a, o, u ) - como en g ato - g ame
(antes de e, i ) - entre “ ch ” y “ y ” - George
(al final de palabra) - gh se pronuncia f como en f aro – lau gh
gh (es muda) - gh ost
 
H = (como en j suave) - g ente, j aula - h ome
 
I = i (pero más relajada) - s i ster
(final de la sílaba) - ai como en v ai na - h i
i como en n i ño - mar i ne
ie como i en n i do - f ie ld
ie como en ai en v ai na - p ie
 
J = como en y a (entre “ ch ” y “ y ”) - j aguar
 
K = (antes de n ) - como en c ama - k eep
(es muda) - k nown
 
L = como en l imón - l imb
ll como “ l ” en catá l ogo - vi ll a
 
M = como en m adre - m ail
 
N = como en n ada - n ever
 
O = (entre consonantes) - a como en h a bl a - n o t
(después de d, t ) - u como en u so - t o , d o
au como en L au ra - h o w
(final de la palabra) - o alargada “ ou ” - hell o
(entre consonante y t final) - oa como o ( pero más alargada) - c oa t
oo como en u en p u lso - f oo d
oo como en u en p u lso (pero más relajada) – g oo d
ou como en u en p u lso – y ou
ou como au en L au ra – r ou nd
ou como en a (pero más relajada) - t ou gh
 
P = como en p obre - sto p
ph como f en f oca - tele ph one
 
Q = qu como en cu al - qu ack
 
R = como en ra r o - r ace
 
S = (principio o final de sílaba) - como en s iempre - s ame
(entre vocales) - como en z umbido - ro s e
(antes de ure ) - ¡ sh hh! - s ure
sh como en ¡ sh hh! - sh oes
 
T = (principio o final de sílaba) - como en t area - t op, correc t
(antes de ion ) - ¡ sh hh! - condi t ion
(antes de ure ) - como en mu ch o - na t ure
(en verbos, sustantivos, etc.) - th como z en z apato - th an