As environmental problems continue to pose a threat to the well-being of people all over the world, achieving pollution control through innovative methods and at a lower cost becomes very attractive. However, cost-effectiveness and technical rationality are often at odds with political goals and policy traditions. Lada V. Kochtcheeva analyzes the introduction of flexible laws and regulations in both air and water quality policies in the United States and the Russian Federation from the 1960s to the present, and highlights the replacement of command and control systems with flexible instruments such as incentive programs, tradable permits, and pollution charges. With its rich comparative institutional analysis, the book contributes to the debate on institutional dynamism, policy innovation, and new modes of regulation, while simultaneously addressing the processes and attributes of good governance. List of Illustrations Preface
1. Environmental Protection through Flexible Regulation
2. On Institutions and Instruments
3. Clear Skies Through Flexible Regulation: U.S. Air Quality Policy
4. How Technology Forcing Limits Flexibility: U.S. Water Quality Policy
5. Pollution Charges and Their Discontents: Russian Air Quality Policy
6. Incentives and Revenue: Russian Water Quality Policy
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Extrait
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Comparatîve Envîronmenta Reguatîon în the Unîted States and Russîa
SUNY serîes în Goba Envîronmenta Poîcy
Uday Desaî, edîtor
Comparatîve Envîronmenta Reguatîon în the Unîted States and Russîa
Institutions, Fexibe Instruments, and Governance
Lada V. Kochtcheeva
Pubîshed by State Unîversîty of New York Press, Abany
No part of thîs book may be used or reproduced în any manner whatsoever wîthout wrîtten permîssîon. No part of thîs book may be stored în a retrîeva system or transmîtted în any form or by any means încudîng eectronîc, eectrostatîc, magnetîc tape, mechanîca, photocopyîng, recordîng, or otherwîse wîthout the prîor permîssîon în wrîtîng of the pubîsher.
For înformatîon, contact State Unîversîty of New York Press, Abany, NY www.sunypress.edu
Productîon by Ryan Morrîs Marketîng by Mîchae Campochîaro
Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data
Kochtcheeva, Lada V. Comparatîve envîronmenta reguatîon în the Unîted States and Russîa : înstîtutîons, lexîbe înstruments, and governance / Lada V. Kochtcheeva. p. cm. — (SUNY serîes în goba envîronmenta poîcy) Incudes bîbîographîca references and îndex. ISBN 978-0-7914-7691-8 (hbk. : ak. paper) 1. Envîronmenta poîcy—Unîted States. 2. Envîronmenta poîcy—Russîa (Federatîon)I. Tîte.
HC110.E5D86 2009 333.720947—dc22
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2008024767
To Vyachesav A. Kochtcheev and Tatyana L. Kochtcheeva, my parents, frîends, mentors
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Lîst of Iustratîons
Preface
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Contents
Envîronmenta Protectîon through Fexîbe Reguatîon
On Instîtutîons and Instruments
Cear Skîes through Fexîbe Reguatîon: U.S. Aîr Quaîty Poîcy
How Technoogy Forcîng Lîmîts Fexîbîîty: U.S. Water Quaîty Poîcy
Poutîon Charges and Theîr Dîscontents: Russîan Aîr Quaîty Poîcy
Incentîves and Revenue: Russîan Water Quaîty Poîcy