Crime and Deviance

Mwene Mushanga

Description

The main objective of the fi rst edition was to make available a simplified, readily available introductory reader not only for the students of Criminology, but also for the general reader who may be interested in the problems of crime, crime control and prevention.

Sujets

• Law

Informations

• Publié par: LawAfrica Publishing Ltd
• Date de parution: 29 décembre 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9789966031945
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

C RIMEAND D EVIANCE An Introduction to Criminology

C RIMEAND D EVIANCE An Introduction to Criminology

Mwene Mushanga

Published by LawAfrica Publishing (U) Ltd Office Suite No. 2 Plot 10A, Jinja Road (Opposite NEMA House) P.O. Box 6198 Kampala, Uganda Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] LawAfrica Publishing (K) Ltd rd Top Plaza, 3 Floor Kindaruma Road (Off Ngong Road) P.O. Box 4260 - 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya Wireless: [phone] Cell: [phone] Fax: [phone]

LawAfrica Publishing (T) Ltd th Co-Architecture Building, 7 Floor India/Makunganya Street P.O. Box 38564 Dar-es-Salaam,Tanzania Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail] Website: www.lawafrica.com © Tibamanya Mwene Mushanga 2011; LawAfrica ISBN 9966-031-19-8

Copyright subsists in this work. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature without the prior publisher’s written permission. Any unauthorized reproduction of this work will constitute a copyright infringement and render the doer liable under both criminal and civil law. Application for permission for use of copyright material including permission to reproduce extracts in other published works shall be made to the publishers. Full acknowledgement of the author, publisher and source must be given. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information published in this work is accurate, the author, the editors, publishers and printers take no responsibility for any loss or damage suffered by any person as a result of reliance upon the information contained herein.

T ABLEOF C ONTENTS

Page Dedication ..................................................................................... ix Foreword to the revised edition ..................................................... xi Preface .......................................................................................... xv

C HAPTERI The nature of crime ................................................................. Criminology.............................................................................. Crime ....................................................................................... Crime Statistics..........................................................................

1 1 4 8

C HAPTERII Types of crime .......................................................................... 13 Violent crimes against the person............................................... 17 Crime against property .............................................................. 23 Vandalism .................................................................................. 24 Political crimes .......................................................................... 27 Occupational crimes .................................................................. 36 Professional crime...................................................................... 37 Organized crime........................................................................ 38 Corporate crime........................................................................ 39 Crime as a social fact ................................................................. 44

C HAPTERIII Theories of the Causes of Crime ............................................... 47 Causationc................................................................................. 47 I. Theological-biological theories.................................................. 47 Demonology ............................................................................. 47 Original sin ............................................................................... 48

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Tibamanya Mwene Mushanga Crime and Deviance

The free will.............................................................................. 48 Heredity .................................................................................... 49 Mental disorders and crime........................................................ 52 Intelligence, feeblemindedness and abnormal behaviour.............. 54 The Freudian theories of violence.............................................. 57 II. Social-cultural theories .............................................................. 63 Culture, conflict and crime ........................................................ 63 The subculture of violence ........................................................ 66 Lower class culture and crime .................................................... 70 Anomie and crime..................................................................... 72 Poverty and crime...................................................................... 73 Theories of the causes of crime.................................................. 76 Genetic theory of crime (differential association)........................ 76

C HAPTERIV Crimes of Violence .................................................................... 83 Assault and aggravated assault ..................................................... 84 Criminal homicide .................................................................... 86 Motive in criminal homicide ..................................................... 92 Murder and manslaughter .......................................................... 99 Infanticide ................................................................................. 101 Mayhem and mutilation............................................................. 103 Suicide and homicide followed by suicide .................................. 104 Torture ...................................................................................... 112 Methods of torture .................................................................... 114

C HAPTERV Crime and Deviance relating to Sex........................................... 117 Adultery .................................................................................... 119 Bestiality.................................................................................... 121 Bigamy ...................................................................................... 121

Tibamanya Mwene Mushanga

Table of Contents

vii

Prostitution................................................................................ 123 Characteristics of prostitutes....................................................... 130 Homosexuality .......................................................................... 133 Incest......................................................................................... 138 Pandering .................................................................................. 141 Rape ......................................................................................... 142 Indecent assault.......................................................................... 145 Swinging ................................................................................... 146 Fornication................................................................................ 147 Divorce ..................................................................................... 149

C HAPTERVI Offences against Property........................................................... 155 Theft ......................................................................................... 156 Cheating.................................................................................... 158 Arson ........................................................................................ 159 Corruption................................................................................ 160 Forgery...................................................................................... 166 Robbery with violence.............................................................. 167 Shoplifting................................................................................. 173

C HAPTERVII Alcohol and Drug Addiction...................................................... 177 Functions of alcohol .................................................................. 178 Evils of alcohol .......................................................................... 179 Drunkenness and alcoholism...................................................... 182 The alcoholic ........................................................................... 185 Prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism ................................. 188 Drug addiction ......................................................................... 199

C HAPTERVIII Punishment of offenders ............................................................ 203

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Tibamanya Mwene Mushanga Crime and Deviance

Capital punishment.................................................................... 206 The case for death penalty ......................................................... 209 The case against the death penalty.............................................. 210 Methods of inflicting death ........................................................ 215 Alternative to capital punishment............................................... 220 Declaration of Stockholm against the death penalty.................... 224 Corporal punishment................................................................. 226 Fines.......................................................................................... 228 Imprisonment............................................................................ 230 Aims of imprisonment ............................................................... 232 Current views of imprisonment ................................................. 235 Prison reform ............................................................................ 237 Alternatives to imprisonment ..................................................... 240

C HAPTERIX Prevention of crime ................................................................... 247 Primary prevention.................................................................... 250 The neighbourhood and the school ........................................... 254 The community......................................................................... 255 Secondary prevention ................................................................ 259 Appendix A Common legal concepts .............................................. 263 Appendix B Common sociological concepts ................................... 287 Appendix C Common psychiatric concepts .................................... 301 Names Index .................................................................................. 309 Subject Index ................................................................................. 313

D EDICATION

My late sons and daughters