Employment Rights

Ann Holmes, Keith Puttick, Richard W. Painter

Description

This new edition of the successful handbook Employment Rights is fully updated and revised to include new material on all recent employment law. Employment Rights is a well-established text and reference point on all aspects of labour law – in particular those outside the legal profession.



Coverage is comprehensive and includes recruitment and selection; contracts (and changes to them); wages; discrimination; unfair dismissal and redundancy; health and safety; trade union rights; and work-related benefits.



This new edition has been expanded to include coverage of developments such as the Employment Act 2002, Tax Credits Act 2002, EC Employment, Social Policy, the European Convention of Human Rights; and reform of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and the Industrial Tribunals Act 1996.

Table of Cases

Introduction

1. Individual Rights

2. Discrimination

3. Job Loss

4. Health and Safety

5. Collective Rights

6. Legal Action

Notes

Index

Sujets

• Droit et juridique
• Employment
• Law
• Labor

Informations

• Publié par: Pluto Press
• Date de parution: 20 septembre 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781849642033
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Employment Rights

Third Edition

Richard W. PainterandKeith Puttick

with Ann Holmes

P Pluto Press LONDON • ANN ARBOR, MI

First published 1993 Second edition published 1998 This edition first published 2004 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 839 Greene Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA

Copyright © Richard W. Painter and Keith Puttick 1993. 1998, 2004

The right of Richard W. Painter and Keith Puttick to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 7453 2125 9 hardback ISBN 0 7453 2124 0 paperback

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for

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9

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Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services, Fortescue, Sidmouth, EX10 9QG, England Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England Printed in the European Union by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastburne, England

Contents

Preface Abbreviations Table of Cases Table of EC, ECHR, and International Material Codes of Practice Table of Statutory Instruments, Directions, etc. Table of Statutes

Part One Introduction  1 Employment Rights: Past, Present and Future

Part Two Individual Rights  2 The Gateways to Employment Rights  3 Job Applications and Recruitment  4 The Contract of Employment  5 Workplace Change  6 Reductions in Work  7 Pay  8 Holidays, Working Hours and Absence from Work  9 Conflicts of Interest, Competition and Confidentiality

Part Three Discrimination 10 Equal Pay 11 Race and Sex Discrimination 12 Other Forms of Discrimination

Part Four Job Loss 13 Terminating the Contract 14 Unfair Dismissal 15 Redundancy and Rights on Insolvency

Part Five Health and Safety 16 Health, Safety and the Work Environment

Part Six Collective Rights 17 Trade Unions and Their Members 18 Collective Bargaining 19 Industrial Conflict I: Industrial Action 20 Industrial Conflict II: Picketing

vii viii x xxxii xxxv xxxvi xlii

3

25 53 66 92 107 111 130 159

173 200 239

253 275 321

361

381 410 437 465

vi

Employment Rights

Part Seven Legal Action and Welfare Benefits 21 Tribunal and Court Claims 22 Employmentrelated Welfare Benefits

Notes and References

Appendices  Useful Organisations and Websites  Application to an Employment Tribunal

Index

Authors

The authors of the chapters in this edition are as follows:

Keith Puttick and Richard Painter – Chapter 1 Keith Puttick – Chapters 3–9, 15, 16, 18, 21 and 22 Richard Painter and Ann Holmes – Chapters 10, 11 and 12 Richard Painter – Chapters 2, 13, 14, 17, 19 and 20

477 485

507

543 547

549

Preface

Six years have gone by since the second edition ofEmployment Rights. New Labour has pursued a range of new agendas during that time, the EC Employment and Social Policy programme has been developing apace, and the Human Rights Act 1998 has started to have an impact. A combination of these factors has inevitably produced an expanded coverage of key areas of the subject. Not least of these are pay and work related benefits (reflecting, no doubt, the high priority given to ‘making work pay’ schemes like the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 and Tax Credits Act 2002), and holidays and hours (especially after the introduction of the Working Time Regula tions 1998); and collective bargaining, with the important, but complex, statutory recognition procedure in the Employment Relations Act 1999 and the changes due to be made by the Employment Relations Act 2004. When the second edition came out there were plenty of people who doubted the whole idea of ‘employment rights’. After a lengthy period of Conservative rule which saw some serious inroads being made into both individual and collective workplace rights, the first issue was ‘do we have any employment rights left?’ Second, to what extent would New Labour use its sizeable Parliamentary majority to reverse the decline? Would the employment floor of rights – which had all but collapsed by 1997 – be restored, starting with the proposals made inFairness at Workin May 1998? And whatnewrights might we look forward to? In the event the government has pursued a busy programme of lawmaking, and gone into new and important areas like family friendly working, reconciling ‘work and home’, and other initiatives. The courts have also been as active as ever. Our coverage has been able to include the important trio of House of Lords judgments inDunnachiev.KingstonuponHull City Council,Barberv.Somerset County CouncilandEastwood and Anotherv.Magnox Electric plcremedies.. These highlight the uncertainties still surrounding the subject of Not surprisingly there have been calls for Parliament to review the position without delay. We have been joined once again in this edition by our colleague Ann Holmes, who has revised and updated Chapters 10–12. We would like to say a big thankyou to our families for all their support (and forbearance) while the revisions were being written – and to Pluto Press for all their assistance with this new edition.

vii

Keith Puttick Richard Painter Ann Holmes

July 2004

AC ACAS All ER BJIR CA CAB CAC Ch CLY CPR DTI DWP EAT EC ECHR

ECtHR ECJ EOC Empl. LR EPA EPCA EqPA ERA ET ETS EWC HL HSAWA HSC ICP ICR ILJ ILO IRLIB IRLR IT

KB LRD NIRC

Abbreviations

Appeal Cases Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service All England Law Reports British Journal of Industrial Relations Court of Appeal Citizens’ Advice Bureau Central Arbitration Committee Law Reports, Chancery Division Current Law Yearbook Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (SI 1998/3132) Department of Trade and Industry Department of Work and Pensions Employment Appeal Tribunal European Community European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms European Court of Human Rights European Court of Justice Equal Opportunities Commission Employment Law Reports Employment Protection Act 1975 Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 Equal Pay Act 1970 Employment Rights Act 1996 Employment Tribunal Employment Tribunal Service European Works Council House of Lords Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Health and Safety Commission Information and Consultation Procedure Industrial Cases Reports Industrial Law Journal International Labour Organisation Industrial Relations Legal Information Bulletin Industrial Relations Law Reports Industrial Tribunal (Employment Tribunal following the change of name in 1998) Law Reports, King’s Bench Division Labour Research Department Publications National Industrial Relations Court

viii

NMW QB TULRA TULR(A)A TULR(C)A TUPE

TURERA UMA WLR WTC

Abbreviations

ix

National Minimum Wage Law Reports, Queen’s Bench Division Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 Trade Union and Labour Relations (Amendment) Act 1976 Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 1981 (SI 1984/1794) Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993 Union Membership Agreement Weekly Law Reports Working Tax Credit

Table of Cases

Page numbers where the case is referred to in the text are shown after the dash

Abrahamssonv.Fogelquist [2003] IRLR 738 – 230 Adamsv.C Zub Associates Ltd [1978] IRLR 551 – 122 Adamsv.GKN Sankey [1980] IRLR 416 – 282 Adamsv.Lancashire County Council and BET Catering Services Ltd [1997] IRLR 436 – 344 Addisv.Gramophone Co. Ltd [1909] AC 488 – 87, 260, 265 ADI (UK) Ltdv.Willer [2001] IRLR 542, CA – 344 ADTv.UK (2000) 9 BHRC 112 – 90 Airliev.City of Edinburgh District Council [1996] IRLR 516 – 100 Alboniv.Ind Coope Retail Ltd [1998] IRLR 131, CA – 306 Aldridgev.British Telecommunications plc [1990] IRLR 10, EAT – 195 Alexander & Othersv.Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd [1990] ICR 291; [1990] IRLR 550; (No. 2) [1991] IRLR 286 – 79, 93, 262, 325 Alexanderv.Home Office [1988] IRLR 190 – 218, 233 Aliv.Christian Salvesen Food Services Ltd [1997] IRLR 17 – 6, 77, 126, 410, 417 Aliv.LB Southwark [1988] IRLR 100 – 263 Alidair Ltdv.Taylor [1978] IRLR 82 – 296 Allenv.Flood [1898] AC 1, HL – 53 Allonbyv.Accrington & Rossendale College [2001] IRLR 364; [2004] 224, ECJ Amalgamated Society of Railway Servantsv.Osborne [1910] AC 87, HL – 386, 390 American Cyanamid Co.v.Ethicon Ltd [1975] AC 396, HL – 458 Andersonv.Dalkeith Engineering Ltd [1985] ICR 66 – 309 Andersonv.Pringle of Scotland Ltd [1998] IRLR 64 – 79, 262, 325 Angestelltenbetriebstrat der Wiener Gebietskrankenkassev.Wiener Gebietskranken kasse [1999] IRLR 804, ECJ – 174, 193 Annamunthodov.Oilfield Workers’ Trade Union [1961] 3 All ER 621 – 393 Aparauv.Iceland Frozen Foods plc [1996] IRLR 119; [2002] IRLR 116, CA – 75 Archibaldv.Fife Council [2004] IRLR 197 – 248 Aspdenv.Webbs Poultry & Meat Group Holdings Ltd [1996] IRLR 521 – 85 Associated British Portsv. PalmerseeAssociated Newspapers Ltdv. Wilson – 416 Associated Newspapers Ltd v.Wilson; Associated British Ports v.Palmer & Others [1994] ICR 97; [1995] IRLR 258, HL – 70, 115, 322, 416 ASTMSv.Parkin [1983] IRLR 448 – 387 Attorney Generalv.Guardian Newspapers and Others (No. 2) [1988] 3 All ER 545, HL – 160 Attwoodv.Lamont [1920] 3 KB 571 – 162 Auguste Noel Ltdv.Curtis [1990] IRLR 326 – 289 Avon County Councilv.Howlett [1983] 1 All ER 1073 – 129 Azizv.Trinity Street Taxis Ltd [1988] IRLR 204 – 227

x

Table of Cases

xi

Baileyv.BP Oil (Kent Refinery) Ltd [1980] IRLR 287 – 277, 293 Bainbridgev.Circuit Foil UK Ltd [1997] IRLR 305, CA – 423 Balamoodyv.United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing Midwifery and Health Visiting [2002] IRLR 288 – 208 Balgobinv.London Borough of Tower Hamlets [1987] IRLR 401, EAT – 205, 212 Bamsey and Othersv.Albon Engineering Ltd [2003] ICR 1224 – 142 Banerjeev.City and E London AHA [1979] IRLR 147 – 308 Barberv.Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group [1990] IRLR 240, ECJ – 10, 173, 178, 179 Barberv.RJB Mining (UK) Ltd [1999] IRLR 308, High Court – 139, 145 Barberv.Somerset County Council [2004] IRLR 475; [2004] UKHL 13, HL – 88, 138, 376 Bartonv.Investec Henderson Crosthwaite Securities Ltd [2003] IRLR 332 – 220, 231 Bass Leisurev.Thomas [1994] IRLR 104 – 331 Batchelorv.British Railways Board [1987] IRLR 136 – 282 Baumanv.Hulton Press Ltd [1952] All ER 1121 – 117 Baxterv.Harland & Wolff plc [1990] IRLR 516, CA – 268 Baxterv.Companies [1994] IRLR 572 – 330Limb Group of Baxterv.Companies [1997] IRLR 572 – 330Limb Group of Bayntonv.Saurus General Engineering Ltd [1999] IRLR 604 – 246 BBCv.Beckett [1983] IRLR 43 – 273 BBCv.Dixon [1977] IRLR 337 – 257 BBCv.Hearn [1977] IRLR 269 – 449 BBCv.KellyPhillips [1998] IRLR 294, CA – 257 Beartv.HMPrison Service [2003] IRLR 238 Bents Breweries Co Ltdv.Hogan [1945] 2 All ER 570 – 164 Berg and Busschersv.Besselsen (144/87) [1989] IRLR 447, ECJ – 343 Berrimanv.Delabole Slate Ltd [1985] IRLR 305 – 309, 348 Bessenden Properties Ltdv.Corness [1977] ICR 821 – 304 Bettsv.Brintel Helicopters and KLM [1996] IRLR 45, High Court; [1997] IRLR 361, CA [1997] ICR 792, CA – 343 BG plcv.O’Brien [2001] IRLR 296 – 87 BHSv.Burchell [1978] IRLR 379 – 302, 303 BilkaKaufhaus GmbHv.Weber von Hartz (170/84) [1986] IRLR 317 – 177, 197 Blackmanv.The Post Office [1974] IRLR 46 NIRC – 296 Blackpool and the Fylde Collegev.National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education [1994] ICR 648, CA; [1994] ICR 982, HL – 457 Bliss v.South East Thames Regional Health Authority [1985] IRLR 308 – 260, 265 Bloomfieldv.Springfield Hosiery Finishing Co. Ltd [1972] 1 All ER 609 – 441 Blue Circle Staff Associationv.Certification Officer [1977] IRLR 20 – 383 Blue Star Ship Management Ltd v.Williams [1979] IRLR 16 EAT; IRLR 20, EAT – 296 Bondv.CAV Ltd; Neadsv.CAV Ltd [1983] IRLR 360 – 107, 108, 123 Bonsorv.Musicians Union [1956] AC 104, HL – 384 Bork International A/S, P. v.Forgeningen af Arbejdsledere i Danmark (101/87) [1989] IRLR 41, ECJ – 36, 346 Bossav.Nordskess Ltd + Another (1998) – 203 Boston Deep Sea Fishing and Ice Cov.Ansell (1888) 39 ChD 339 – 160

xii

Employment Rights

Bouchaalav.Trusthouse Forte Hotels Ltd [1980] IRLR 382 – 306 Bowater Containersv.McCormack [19801 IRLR 50 – 308 Boychukv.H J Symons Holding Ltd [1977] IPLR 395 – 240 Bracebridge Engineering Ltdv.Darby [1990] IRLR 3 – 211, 273 Bradfordv.Robinson Rentals Ltd [1967] All ER 267 – 376 Breenv.AEU [1971] 2 QB 175 – 296, 393 Brigdenv.Lancashire County Council [1987] IRLR 58 – 124 Briggsv.North Eastern Education and Library Board [1990] IRLR 181 – 221, 222 Briggsv.Somerset County Council [1996] IRLR 203, CA – 280 Briscoev.Lubrizol Ltd [2000] ICR 694; Briscoev.Lubrizol (No.2) [2002] EWCA Civ. 508; [2002] IRLR 607, CA – 114 British Aerospace plcv.Green [1995] IRLR 433, CA – 331, 339 British Aircraft Corporationv.Austin [1978] IRLR 332 – 181 British Airports Authorityv.Ashton [1983] IRLR 287 – 468 British Association of Advisers and Lecturers in Physical Educationv.National Union of Teachers and Others [1986] IRLR 497, CA – 284, 381 British Coal Corporationv.Smith [1996] IRLR 404 – 180 British Judo Associationv.Petty [1981] IRLR 484 – 202 British Labour Pump Co. Ltdv.Byrne [1979] IRLR 94 – 276, 293, 299 British Leyland UK Ltdv.Ashraf [1978] IRLR 330 – 258 British Nursing Associationv.Inland Revenue [2003] ICR 19, CA – 120 British Railways Boardv.NUR [1989] IRLR 349 – 455 British Railways Boardv.Paul [1988] IRLR 20, EAT – 109 British Road Servicesv.Loughrin [1997] IRLR 2 – 193 British Sugar Ltdv.Kirker [1998] IRLR 624 – 246 British Syphon Co Ltdv.Homewood [1956] 2 All ER 897 – 168 British Telecommunications plcv.[1996] IRLR 601 – 218Roberts & Longstaff British Telecommunications plcv.Ticehurst [1992]The Times,18 March, CA – 347 Bromley & Hoare Limitedv.Evans [1972] 7 ITR 76, NIRC – 337 Bromleyv.H&JQuick Ltd [1988] IRLR 249 – 182 Brook Street Bureau (UK) Ltdv.Dacas [2004] EWCA Civ. 217, CA – 113, 115 Brookesv.Borough Care Services [1998] IRLR 636 – 95, 96, 343 Brooksv.British Telecommunications plc [1992] IRLR 66, CA – 281 Broomev.DPP [1974] AC 587 – 469 Brownv.Cearns & Brown Ltd (IT unreported,see6 EOP, 27) – 186 Brownv.Officer [1997] ICR 207 – 136Chief Adjudication Brownv.Knowsley Borough Council [1986] IRLR 102 – 257 Brownv.StocktononTees Borough Council [1988] IRLR 263 – 199 Brunhofferv.Bank der Osterreichischen Postparkasse [2001] IRLR 571, EC – 187 Buchanv.State for Employment [1997] IRLR 80 – 68Secretary of Buchananv.Tilcon Ltd [1983] IRLR 417 – 305 Buckv.The Letchworth Palace Ltd [1987] (IT 36488/88, 3 April 1987) – 242 Bullivant Ltdv.Ellis [1987] IRLR 491 – 87 BurdettCoutts & Others v.Hertfordshire County Council [1984] IRLR 91, High Court – 57, 103 Burgess and Othersv.Stevedoring Services Ltd [2002] IRLR 210 – 18, 84 Burkev.Royal Liverpool University Hospital NHS Trust [1997] ICR 730 – 77, 127, 418, 422 Burrettv.West Birmingham Health Authority [1994] IRLR 7 – 219 Burtonv.De Vere Hotels [1996] IRLR 596 – 214 Byrne Brothers (Formwork) Ltdv.Baird [2002] IRLR 96 – 131