Who Rules the Waves?

Denise Russell

Description

Piracy, international disputes over undersea oil and gas, and chronic overfishing have left our oceans in turmoil. How can we resolve these issues?



International law states that a coastal country has territorial rights for 12 miles into the sea, yet, in practice many countries have virtually no control over their own waters. Denise Russell provides a thorough examination of the politics of the sea, from environmental issues, to water economics and governance of the waters. She reveals how we need to radically rethink ocean governance, calling for the establishment of an international agency powerful enough to settle disputes at sea, or else risk ever-accelerating climate change and the continued overuse of the sea's resources.
Introduction

1. Freedom of the sea

2. Underwater non-living resources

3. Underwater cultural heritage

4. Modern piracy and terrorism on the sea

5. The fishing wars

6. Cetaceans and the sea

7. Sea gypsies

8. Indigenous sea claims

9. Protection of the oceans

References

Index

Sujets

• Droit et juridique
• Maritime
• International relations
• Admiralty law
• LAW
• Mer

Informations

• Publié par: Pluto Press
• Date de parution: 03 mars 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781849644518
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Who Rules the Waves?

WHO RULES THE WAVES?

Piracy, Overfishing and Mining the Oceans

Denise Russell

First published 2010 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010

www.plutobooks.com

Distributed in the United States of America exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010

Copyright © Denise Russell 2010

The right of Denise Russell to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN ISBN

978 0 7453 3005 1 978 0 7453 3004 4

Hardback Paperback

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental standards of the country of origin.

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Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services Ltd, 33 Livonia Road, Sidmouth, EX10 9JB, England Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England Printed and bound in the European Union by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne

For Mingaoo

Contents

listofFiguresandTabes Acknowedgements

Introduction 1 Freedom of the Seas  Early attempts to close off the seas  Pirates, privateers and the domination of the seas  Grotius’ arguments for freedom of the seas  Replies to Grotius defending closure of the seas  Limits to freedom of the seas  Grotius’ principles in the current law of the sea  Climate change, rising sea levels and the displacement  of island communities 2 Underwater Non-living Resources  Who has a claim?  Antarctica and the Southern Ocean  The Arctic Ocean  Ecological threats from oil and gas activities in  the Arctic  Stresses on the Arctic from climate change  Ocean acidification  Different ways of valuing the polar regions 3 Underwater Cultural Heritage  What is underwater cultural heritage?  Salvage Laws  Treasure salvors and ownership  National ownership  Common heritage 4 Modern Piracy and Terrorism on the Sea  TheAondra Rainbow  The law of the sea and contemporary piracy  Why piracy now?  The rise of piracy in Somalia  Pirate attacks on private boats  Terrorism on the sea

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1 6 6 7 14 17 21 23

26 29 29 32 33

35 40 43 45 47 47 49 51 52 55 60 60 61 67 70 75 76

viii  WHO RULES THE WAVES?

5 The Fishing Wars  The cod wars  The turbot war  Fish piracy  Threats to fish populations from climate change and  ocean acidification  The war on fish 6 Cetaceans and the Sea  Whales and dolphins  Cetaceans and morality  Threats facing cetaceans  Protection agencies 7 Sea Gypsies  Sea gypsies: people without an address or ‘names that  can be found in books’  The sea as home  Threats to sea-gypsy cultures  Sea borders, shark fishing and cultural survival 8 Indigenous Sea Claims  Ownership as belonging  Contemporary attempts to assert ownership of the  oceans by indigenous groups  Australian High Court decisions on Sea Rights  Indigenous sea rights and environmental threats 9 Protection of the Oceans  Ownership of coastal areas  Ownership of international waters  International ocean governance  Implementation of a new ocean management regime

Notes Index

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4 4 8 2

100 100 105 105 107 108 117 121

121 128 132 134 137 137

140 142 148 150 150 153 158 163

165 186

List of Figures and Tables

FIGURES

1.1 The Mediterranean in the sixteenth century  including key centres of piracy and privateering 1.2 The British Seas in 1635 6.1 Migration of humpback whales 7.1 Moken family going about daily tasks in their boat 7.2 Inside a Moken boat 7.3 Moken children playing

TABLES

2.1 Effects of Petroleum or Individual Polycyclic  Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Organisms 4.1 Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships:  Actual and Attempted Attacks Since 1994 4.2 Actual and Attempted Hijacks of Ships Since 1994

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8 20 106 123 124 132

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