Eclipse of the Utopias of Labor

Anson Rabinbach

Description

The Eclipse of the Utopias of Labor traces the shift from the eighteenth-century concept of man as machine to the late twentieth-century notion of digital organisms. Step by step-from Jacques de Vaucanson and his Digesting Duck, through Karl Marx's Capital, Hermann von Helmholtz's social thermodynamics, Albert Speer's Beauty of Labor program in Nazi Germany, and on to the post-Fordist workplace, Rabinbach shows how society, the body, and labor utopias dreamt up future societies and worked to bring them about. This masterful follow-up to The Human Motor, Rabinbach's brilliant study of the European science of work, bridges intellectual history, labor history, and the history of the body. It shows the intellectual and policy reasons as to how a utopia of the body as motor won wide acceptance and moved beyond the "man as machine" model before tracing its steep decline after 1945-and along with it the eclipse of the great hopes that a more efficient workplace could provide the basis of a new, more socially satisfactory society.

Sujets

• Informatique
• Human?computer interaction
• Industrial relations

Informations

• Publié par: Fordham University Press
• Date de parution: 06 février 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780823278596
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The Eclipse of the Utopias of Labor

Séàôŝ Géôûàôŝ à Tô Mééŝ,series editors

Té Eçîŝé ô é Uôîàŝ ô Làbô

Anson Rabinbach

f o r d h a m u n I v e r s I t y p r e s s n e w y o r k 2 0 1 8

Çôîg © 2018 Fôà Uîéŝî Péŝŝ

A îgŝ éŝéé. Nô à ô îŝ ûbîçàîô à bé éôûçé, ŝôé î à éîéà ŝŝé, ô àŝîé î à ô ô b à éàŝ—ééçôîç, éçàîçà, ôôçô, éçôîg, ô à ôé—éxçé ô bîé qûôàîôŝ î îé éîéŝ, îôû é îô éîŝŝîô ô é ûbîŝé.

Fôà Uîéŝî Péŝŝ àŝ ô éŝôŝîbîî ô é éŝîŝéçé ô àççûàç ô URLŝ ô éxéà ô î-à ïéé ébŝîéŝ ééé ô î îŝ ûbîçàîô à ôéŝ ô gûààéé à à çôé ô ŝûç ébŝîéŝ îŝ, ô î éàî, àççûàé ô àôîàé.

Fôà Uîéŝî Péŝŝ àŝô ûbîŝéŝ îŝ bôôŝ î à àîé ô ééçôîç ôàŝ. Sôé çôé à àéàŝ î î à ô bé ààîàbé î ééçôîç bôôŝ. Vîŝî ûŝ ôîé à .ôàéŝŝ.çô. Lîbà ô Çôgéŝŝ Çààôgîg-î-Pûbîçàîô Dàà Nàéŝ: Ràbîbàç, Aŝô, àûô. Tîé: Té éçîŝé ô é ûôîàŝ ô àbô / Aŝô Ràbîbàç. Déŝçîîô: Fîŝ éîîô. | Né Yô, NY : Fôà Uîéŝî Péŝŝ, 2018. | Séîéŝ: Fôŝ ô îîg | ïçûéŝ bîbîôgàîçà éééçéŝ à îéx. ïéîiéŝ: LÇÇN 2017041246 | ïSBN 9780823278565 (çô : à. àé) | ïSBN 9780823278572 (b : à. àé) Sûbjéçŝ: LÇSH: Làbô ŝû. | Hûà–çôûé îéàçîô. | Hûà éçàîçŝ. | Rôbôŝ. Çàŝŝîiçàîô: LÇÇ HD5706 .R27 2018 | DDÇ 331.01—ç23 LÇ éçô ààîàbé à ŝ://çç.ôç.gô/2017041246 Pîé î é Uîé Sàéŝ ô Aéîçà 20 19 185 4 3 2 1 Fîŝ éîîô

C o n t e n t s

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Preface

Fô Mîéîç Màçîéŝ ô Dîgîà Ogàîŝŝ Sôçîà Eégéîçîŝ î Fî-é-Sîèçé Eûôé Sôçîà Kôégé à é Pôîîçŝ ô ïûŝîà Aççîéŝ Néûàŝéîà à Môéî Pŝçôéçîçŝ à Pôîîçŝ î Wéîà Géà Té Aéŝéîçŝ ô Pôûçîô î é Tî Réîç Méàôŝ ô é Màçîé î é Pôŝ-Fôîŝ Eà

Notes Index

vii

1 28 53 91 100 125 153

1 1

p r e f a c e

M 1990 bôô,The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Moder- nity(Né Yô: Bàŝîç Bôôŝ), éôéŝ àôû é îŝîçîô bééé à- çîéŝ à ôôŝ àŝ éàôŝ ô é bô à ô. Môé ôûçîîŝ, ï àgûé, éŝûôŝéŝ à ûà ŝôçîé à àûé àé îé b é î- àç à ûîàé îéçàgéàbîî ô ôûçîé àçîî ô é bô, éçôôg, ô àûé. Té ŝôçîà îàgîà ô ôûçîîŝ îŝ çààçé- îzé b à ûéŝàîg ô é çôéŝîô ô ôçé ô éég, à îéà îç iŝ àéàé î é ŝéçô à ô é îééé çéû. ï é éô- é Néôîà ûîéŝé, îéŝé ôçéŝ (gàî, î, àé, ô ôŝéŝ, ô éxàé) ûŝ, û, ô û àçîéŝ, gééàîg ôîô. ï é Héô- zîà ûîéŝé, îç à àûé b é 1850ŝ, ôçé ôKraftîŝ çôéé îô ô b ôôŝ—éé ûà ô ûà-àé. Uîé é éà- ô ô é àçîé, é éàô ô é ôô îŝ ôûçîîŝ béçàûŝé î éŝŝ ô à îûŝîà ôé ô à çàçûàbé çàéîg ô éég, çôéé ô àûé ô ŝôçîé. Çôàîg é ûà bô ô à ôô àé à à àçîé éà àîg î ŝôéîg àôgéé ôé à à çôûî ô ôçé: î àŝ à çôéé ô éég îéîçà ô é àçîô éôé b éç- ôôg ô àûé. M îéŝîgàîô ô é ûà ôô àŝ à igûé ô îééé-çéû àŝçééà àéîàîŝ àŝ àŝô à àé ô éàbôàé ô é îŝîç- îô bééé é îàgé ô é ôô à éàîé ééŝéàîôŝ ô é ô- îg bô. ï à bôô’ŝ çôçûŝîô, ï àîçîàé à ûé ŝû ô é àŝ î îç é éàô ô é ôô ôŝ ûç ô îŝ çôéîg ôé î é ŝéçô à ô é éîé çéû, î àgé à béçàûŝé ô é éé- géçé ô à îéé ŝé ô éàôŝ éŝîgé ô àîçûàé é éxéîéçé

îî

îîî Preface ô é îgîà ôàçé à îŝ çôçôîà îàç ô é igûé ô ô- îg bôîéŝ. Tîŝ bôô àéŝ û à çàégé, bû î ôéŝ ŝô îîéç béçàûŝéîôôŝààôéçôéxéàéôôéàîôŝ.ïéŝŝéçé,ïô îîé é îŝô ô é éàîôŝî bééé bôîéŝ à àçîéŝ îô éé éàŝ: îéîç, àŝçééà, à îgîà. A é ŝàé îé, ï àé ô à é éàôŝ ô é bô ôé ô éàç éà ôô é ŝôçîà ûôîàŝ ô àbô ééôé î é ŝéçô à ûéîé î é î ô éàç ô éŝé éàŝ. ï àgûé à éŝé ûôîàŝ ô àbô éé é ûàéà éé- ŝéàîôŝ à éîàé bééé éperception and rationaizationô é ôîg bô à é gôàŝ ô é éàé ŝàé. Té iŝ, îéîç éàîôŝî, îŝ çààçéîŝîç ô é éîgéé çéû à îŝ éxéîié b é ôôûŝ çôçô àûôàà (àôîŝ î ôà’ŝ ààçé) à éé çààbé ô îîàîg ûà ôééŝ à ûçîôŝ î éxàôîà éîŝîîîûé. Fô é î-îééé çéû ô é àé éîé çéû, à ŝéçô éàîôŝî ééôé: é éàô ô é ôô éxéçîŝé éôôûŝ éxààô à ŝôçîà ôé, égàîg é bô àŝ ôûçîé î é ŝéŝé à î îŝ çààbé ô çôéîg éég îô ô. Eég béçàé à àŝçééà îçîé, éqûà ôîéŝé î àûé à ŝôçîé, é îîg ôçé ô àbô ôé à à ôé àîéŝàîôŝ ô ô. Çéà ô îŝ ééôé àŝ “ŝôçîà éégéîçîŝ,” é ôçîé à ŝà ûà béîgŝ à ôéŝ î àîçûà àŝ çéàûéŝ à àé îé b éég, à îé é éçôô à ôûçîô ôûg éég, à à éàé é ŝôçîà ôé ôûg àîgûé. Tîŝ çôçéîô àŝ îé ô à àîé ô ûôîà ôjéçŝ ô àîôàîzîg é ôé’ŝ bô, égîééîg bô à ôé ééç ôàçé à, ôûg î, à ôé ééç ŝôçîé. Fô éxàé, é éàîg Màxîŝŝ ô é Rûŝŝîà Réôûîô, Léî à Tôŝ, ééàéàîéŝôAéîçàîûŝîàçàîàîŝ’ŝôgàôŝçîé- îiç ààgéé—ô Tàôîŝ à îŝ Eûôéà ôŝôôŝ. Eûôéàŝ éééôççûîéîŝçôéçîçŝàîûŝîàŝçôôgàŝéôŝ ô éûçîg àîgûé, ô ô ô àîŝé éiçîéç bû àŝô ô éûçé îûŝîà àççîéŝ. Dûîg é îéà éîô, é ôîà Tàôîŝ, Sôîé, à Nàîôà Sôçîàîŝ ôéŝ ô é ôàçé béçàé é ôûàîôŝ ô ŝôçîà ôéŝ îîg ô ô bô é ûà bô à ŝôçîé. Çôîçé ô é çîŝîŝ î îûŝîà ôûçîî, é Nàzîŝ béé ôéîŝ à é çû ô ôûçîî à éiçîéç ôgéé î à àéŝéîçîzé ôàçé î éî Béàû ô Làbô ôgà.

Prefaceîx Té éàô ô é ôô éàçé îŝ zéî àé Wô Wà ïï à b é 1980ŝ bégà à ŝéé éçîé àŝ é îgîà éàîôŝî ô à ô àçîé ééôé î é àé ô é ôŝ-Fôîŝ éà. Té gôîg àçé ô çô- ûéîzàîô àé é 1960ŝ é ô à î éà. ï î, é éàô ô é à- çîé çéàŝé ô bé àŝçééà à béçàé àégôîçà î Wàé Béjàî’ŝ ŝéŝé à é îàç ô bôî ûçîôŝ àŝ ô éàçé b é àîûà- îô ô ŝîgŝ. Çôûéîzàîô bégà, àŝ é ŝà ŝéé, î é àé ô ééç Aà Tûîg’ŝ éŝîŝ à à àéàîçà ôéàîô çà bé éôûçé éçàîçà b àgôîîç, ŝbôîç éçôîg—à îçîé à é ô ô ô é Tàôîzàîô ô éà àçîî bû àŝô ô é îçîé ô ŝîûà- îô, ŝîçé ŝûç àçîéŝ çôû îîç é ôéàîô ô à ôé àçîé, à îçé éŝà. Débàéŝ ô ô à éîŝûé béçàé ôé çéà bû b é 1980ŝ, î à béçôé çôôàçé ô àîçîàé à çôûé-îé éç- ôôgîéŝ ôû ààîçà çàgéhowé ô,whereé ô àwhaté éàôûçé.Môéôé,îéôgîéééçéûàŝàbôôàéà ô îŝçîîàî, î àŝ éçîŝé îŝ îgî, ûîô, à àûôîàîà îé- ŝîô ô é ôàçé à b é éà 2000 àŝ ôŝ ôé àççûŝé ô îîbî- îg ôûçîî à àçîg é éçéŝŝà qûàîîéŝ—léxîbîî, àûôô, à jûgé—à ôéŝ ŝûôŝé ééé ô ŝûççéé î é îgîà ôàçé gôéé b çôûéŝ àé à îûŝîà àûàçûîg. Té bôô éàéŝ é îŝô ô ééŝéàîôŝ ô é bô ô îééç- ûà îŝô, é îŝô ô àbô, à é îŝô ô é éàé ŝàé. ï é- îŝéŝ à éàbôàéŝ ô ééŝ àéŝŝé îThe Human Motorb éxéîg é îé àé bàçà ô é éîgéé çéû îé ôçûŝîg ô é éîé çéû û ô é éŝé. ï îéŝîgàéŝ ŝôé ô é ôŝ îô- à ŝîgôŝŝ î é éégéçé à éçîé ô é géà ûôîàŝ ô àbô, îçûîg Màx’ŝ ôûçîîŝ, Tàôîŝ, Çôûîŝ, é Nàzî Béàû ô Làbô ôgà, à é îŝçôûŝéŝ ô é îgîà ôàçé î é àé éîé çéû. ï àŝŝ î à géàé éàî ô é ôé àŝ àçé îô à çôéx éàîg ô àûôàà ô îgîîzàîô à àŝ ŝéé à ôçé àŝ éxéà ô é ûà béîg à çéà ô à ûéŝàîg ô à’ŝ éçàîzé béàîô à qûàî. Làŝ, é bôô’ŝ àéîô ô àbô îŝé àŝ à igûé ô çéàîg ûà ôéŝ îŝ à é çôé ô  àgûé: é éçîŝé ô ô-çééé ûôîàŝ. Çàé 1 ôéŝ à ôéîé ô é éé àgéŝ ô àçîé éàôŝ— îéîç, àŝçééà, à îgîà. Oé ôçûŝ ô îŝ çàé îŝ Màx’ŝ