Legal Grounds III: Reproductive and Sexual Rights in Sub-Saharan African Courts is a joint publication of the International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Program of the University of Toronto, Canada; the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, at the University of Pretoria, South Africa; and the Center for Reproductive Rights, New York. It is the expanded third volume in a series originally conceived by Kibrom Isaak, LL.M., a graduate of the International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Program, who organised and wrote the prototype, and drafted most of the first two volumes.The editors of Legal Grounds III are tremendously grateful to all those who have supported us to produce this book. The planning and execution would not have been possible without a grant from the Ford Foundation. African publication and dissemination were generously supported, through the Centre for Human Rights, by The Open Society Foundations.
LEGALGROUNDS Reproductive and Sexual Rights in SubSaharan African Courts
Volume III
2Legal Grounds III
LEGALGROUNDS Reproductive and Sexual Rights in SubSaharan African Courts
Volume III
2017Legal Grounds III: Reproductive and Sexual Rights in SubSaharan African Courts
Published by: Pretoria University Law Press (PULP)
The Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) is a publisher at the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP endeavours to publish and make available innovative, highquality scholarly texts on law in Africa. PULP also publishes a series of collections of legal documents related to public law in Africa, as well as text books from African countries other than South Africa. This book was peer reviewed prior to publication.
For more information on PULP, see www.pulp.up.ac.za
Printed and bound by: BusinessPrint, Pretoria
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ISBN:9781920538637
Electronic copies of this book are online at:
Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) www.pulp.up.ac.za/legalcompilations/legalgrounds
Center for Reproductive Rightshttp://www.reproductiverights.org/legalgrounds
International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Programwww.law.utoronto.ca/programs/legalgrounds.html
Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria www.chr.up.ac.za
Centre for Human RightsFaculty of Law University of Pretoria South Africa 0002
Tel+27 (0) 12 420 3810 Fax+27 (0) 86 580 5743 chr@up.ac.za (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.) www.chr.up.ac.za
Chapter Two: Children and Adolescents............................................................................20
Child, Forced and Early Marriage...............................................................................................0.2.. oMudzuru & Another v. Ministry of Justice, Legal & Parliamentary Affairs (N.O.) & Others.....................................................................................................................20 oNvumeleni Jezile v. The State and 7 Others.................................................................23 oHighlight: Child Marriage: Legal and SocioCultural Aspects...........................8..............2.
Female Genital Mutilation.....................................................................................9......2................. oLaw and Advocacy for Women in Uganda v. The Attorney General...............................29
Sexual Abuse, Assault and Violence..............................................................................................33 oC.K. (A Child) through Ripples International as her guardian and Next friend) & 11 Others v. Commissioner of Police/Inspector General of The National Police Service & 3 Others............................................................................................33 oW.J. & Another v. Astarikoh Henry Amkoah & 9 Others................................................36 oHighlight: Sexual Abuse, Assault and Violence..............................................................40
Consensual Sexual Conduct14......................................................................................................... oC.K.W. v. Attorney General & Another..........................................................................41 oS v. Brian M. [surname editorially abridged]............44..................................................... oTeddy Bear Clinic for Abused Children and Another v. Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and Another.............................45[High Court decision] oTeddy Bear Clinic for Abused Children and Another v. Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and Another[Constitutional Court decision]................49 oHighlight: Adolescent Consensual Sexual Conduct........................35.................................
oHead of Department, Department of Education, Free State Province v. Welkom High School & Another; Head of Department, Department of Education, Free State Province v. Harmony High School & Another...............................................54
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Chapter Three: Maternal Health Care and Services........................................................57
oCenter for Health, Human Rights and Development and 3 Others v. Attorney General........................................................................58[Constitutional Court decision] oCenter for Health, Human Rights and Development and 3 Others v. Attorney General[Supreme Court decision] ...............................................................................61 oCenter for Health, Human Rights and Development & 4 Others v. Nakaseke District Local Administration...............................................................................6.5........ oMillicent Awuor Omuya alias Maimuna Awuor & Another v. The Attorney General & 4 Others.................................................................................................................69 oNtsele v. MEC for Health, Gauteng Provincial Government...........................................72 oHighlight: Maternal Health Care and Services................................................................75
Chapter Four: Abortion and Fetal Interests......................................................................77
oCase no. RPA 0787/15/HC/KIG...................................................................................77 oMildred Mapingure v. Minister of Home Affairs and 2 Others................................81........ oRepublic v. Jackson Namunya Tali..............................................................................86 oHighlight: Abortion and Fetal Interests..........................................................................89
Wrongful Birth or Life..................................................................................................................90 oAAA v. Registered Trustees (Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi).............................90 oE.R.O. v. Board of Trustees, Family Planning Association of Kenya..............................93 oH v. Fetal Assessment Centre......................................................................................95
Chapter Five: Adoption and Surrogacy...........................................................................100
Adoption..................................................................................................................................101 oGK v. BOK, CGLK, MT and the Attorney General........................................................101 oHighlight: Adoption and Surrogacy401..............................................................................
oAB and Surrogacy Advisory Group v. Minister of Social Development....1...................06... oEx Parte: MS and Others...........................................................................................110 oJ.L.N. & 2 Others v. Director of Children’s Services & 4 Others...................................113 oMIA v. State Information Technology Agency (Pty) Ltd................................................116
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Chapter Six: Gender, Sexuality, Women and Discrimination.........................................119
oS v. Chirembwe........210.................................................................................................
Disability, Sexuality and Criminal Law........................................................................................122
oCenter for Health, Human Rights and Development and Iga Daniel v. Attorney General.................................................................1...22................................
Women and Criminal Law..........................................................................................................125 oLucy Nyambura & Another v. Town Clerk, Municipal Council of Mombasa & 2 Others................................................................................................................125
Legal Recognition of Intersexuality.............................................................................................129 oBaby “A” (suing through her mother, E.A.) and The Cradle the Children Foundation v. Attorney General, Kenyatta National Hospital, and the Registrar of Births and Deaths...............................................................................................................129 oR.M. v. Attorney General & 4 Others..........................................................................133
oRepublic v. Kenya National Examinations Council & Another......................................138
Sexual Orientation....................................................................................................................140 oOlokaOnyango and 9 Others v. Attorney General014....................................................... oC.O.L. & G.M.N. v. Resident Magistrate Kwale Court & Others...................1.24................
Recognition of LGBTIQ Advocacy and Groups...............................................................................144 oEric Gitari v. NonGovernmental Organizations CoOrdination Board & 4 Others..........144 oThuto Rammoge & 19 Others v. The Attorney General of Botswana............714................ oAttorney General of Botswana v. Thuto Rammoge & 19 Others...................................151 oThe People v. Paul Kasonkomona................................515.............................................. oRepublic v. NonGovernmental Organizations Coordination Board & Another exparte Transgender Education and Advocacy & 3 Others........................................157 oHighlight: Towards Respect for Human Diversity..........................................................160
Access to Treatment................................62...1............................................................................... oDr. Jeremiah Ojonemi Alabi Abalaka and Medicrest Specialist Hospital Ltd. v. President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Attorney General of the Federation, and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)........62..1oDickson Tapela & 2 Others v. Attorney General & 2 Others.........................................461
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oAttorney General and Others v. Tapela and Others; In re: Attorney General and Others v. Mwale.......................................................................................................................... 165 oP.A.O. and 2 Others v. The Attorney General & Another..............................................167
Criminalisation of Transmission................................................171................................................. oAIDS Law Project v. Attorney General & 3 Others.......................................................171 oRosemary Namubiru v. Uganda..1.............76.................................................................. oHighlight: Criminalisation of HIV NonDisclosure, Exposure, and Transmission..............179
Forced Sterilization...................................................................................................................181 oLM and Others v. Government of the Republic of Namibia.........................................181 oGovernment of the Republic of Namibia v. L.M. & 2 Others........................................184 oHighlight: Sexual and Reproductive Rights of Women Living with HIV...........................186
Discrimination in Employment...................................................................................................187 oDwenga and Others v. SurgeonGeneral of the South African Military Health Services and Others..................................................................................................187 oGary Shane Allpass v. Mooikloof Estates (Pty) Ltd.......................1................88................ oGeorgina Ahamefule v. Imperial Medical Centre & Dr. Alex Molokwu..........................192 oStanley Kingaipe & Another v. The Attorney General.........................................4..19........