Laboratory of Socialist Development

M. Kalinovsky Artemy

Description

Artemy Kalinovsky's Laboratory of Socialist Development investigates the Soviet effort to make promises of decolonization a reality by looking at the politics and practices of economic development in central Asia between World War II and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Focusing on the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Kalinovsky places the Soviet development of central Asia in a global context.Connecting high politics and intellectual debates with the life histories and experiences of peasants, workers, scholars, and engineers, Laboratory of Socialist Development shows how these men and women negotiated Soviet economic and cultural projects in the decades following Stalin's death. Kalinovsky's book investigates how people experienced new cities, the transformation of rural life, and the building of the world's tallest dam. Kalinovsky connects these local and individual moments to the broader context of the Cold War, shedding new light on how paradigms of development change over time. Throughout the book, he offers comparisons with experiences in countries such as India, Iran, and Afghanistan, and considers the role of intermediaries who went to those countries as part of the Soviet effort to spread its vision of modernity to the postcolonial world.Laboratory of Socialist Development offers a new way to think about the post-war Soviet Union, the relationship between Moscow and its internal periphery, and the interaction between Cold War politics and domestic development. Kalinovsky's innovative research pushes readers to consider the similarities between socialist development and its more familiar capitalist version.

Sujets

• Former Soviet Union
• Histoire
• Post-Soviet states
• Cold War
• Russia
• History of Asia
• History of Europe
• Russie

Informations

• Publié par: Cornell University Press
• Date de parution: 15 mai 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781501715587
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 9 Mo

Extrait

LABORATORY OF SOCIALIST DEVELOPMENT

LABORATORY OFSOCIALIST DEVELOPMENT Cold War Politics and Decolonization in Soviet Tajikistan

Artemy M. Kalinovsky

CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS

ITHACA AND LONDON

Portions of the following articles are used in this text with permission. “Not Some British Colony in Africa: The Politics of Decolonization and Modernization in Soviet Central Asia, 1955–1964.”Ab Imperio2013, no. 2 (2013): 191–222. “Tractors, Power Lines, and the Welfare State: The Contradictions of Soviet Development in PostWorld War II Tajikistan.”Asiatische StudienÉtudes Asiatiques 69, no. 3 (2015): 563–592. “Central Planning, Local Knowledge? Labor, Population, and the Tajik School of Economics.”Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History17, no. 3 (2016): 585–620.

“A Most Beautiful City for the World’s Tallest Dam: Internationalism, Social Welfare, and Urban Utopia in Nurek,”Cahiers du Monde russe57, no. 4, (2016): 819–846.

Copyright © 2018 by Cornell University

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

First published 2018 by Cornell University Press

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Names: Kalinovsky, Artemy M., author. Title: Laboratory of socialist development : Cold War politics and decolonization in Soviet Tajikistan / Artemy M. Kalinovsky. Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017056273 (print) | LCCN 2017057140 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501715570 (ret) | ISBN 9781501715587 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501715563 | ISBN 9781501715563 (cloth ; alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Tajikistan—Politics and government—20th century. | Economic development—Tajikistan—History—20th century. | Communism and society— Tajikistan—History—20th century. | Elite (Social sciences)—Tajikistan— History—20th century. | Centrallocal government relations—Tajikistan— History—20th century. | Soviet Union—Politics and government—1953–1985. Classification: LCC DK928.86 (ebook) | LCC DK928.86 K35 2018 (print) | DDC 958.608/5—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017056273

Cover design by David Baldeosingh Rotstein

Cover illustration: Workers on the construction of the Nurek Dam. Photograph courtesy of the Tajikistan State Archive of Photo and Video Documentation.

For Jeske and Sophia Irina

KAZAKH SSR

U Z B E K S S R

Panjikent

Tursunzade

Qurghonteppe

Shaartuz

Leninobod Kanibadam

Urateppe

Gharm

Dushanbe Rogun Nurek Nurek Yavan Kalininabad

j n a P

Kulob

A F G H A N I S TA N

Industries Nonferrous Engineering and metalworking Electrical engineering Chemical Mineral fertilizer Building materials Textile Ginning Cotton Silk Food

Shurab

h s h k a V

Khorog

K I R G H I Z S S R

j n a P

Hydropower staons

Hydropower plants

Agriculture Cotton growing Viticulture Vegetable growing Horticulture

Sheep breeding

0 0

Soviet Tajikistan: cities, major rivers, and industrial sites.

PA K I S TA N

50

N

50 100

C H I N A

100 mi 150 km

Contents

Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration

Introduction: The Promise of Development 1. Decolonization, DeStalinization, and Development 2. Ayni’s Children, or Making a TajikSoviet Intelligentsia 3. Defining Development 4. Plans, Gifts, and Obligations 5. Nurek, “A City You Can Write About” 6. Shepherds into Builders 7. The Countryside Electrified 8. “A Torch Lighting the Way to Progress and Civilization” 9. The Poorest Republic Conclusion: A Dream Deferred

A Note on Sources Notes Bibliography of Primary Sources Index

vii

ix xiii

1

19

43

67

91

117

144

175

199

219

244

257 263 305 309

Acknowledgments

Any attempt to account for all of the debts accumulated in writing this book would quickly take a Borgesian turn, taking up many more pages than the work itself. Nevertheless, I am going to try. My greatest debt is to the people who shared their time, experiences, and knowledge. I am particularly grateful to Azizjon Rahmonov, Munira Shahidi, Olle Andersen, Ravshan Abdullaev, and Hojamamat Umarov. Abudrashid Sa madov shared his knowledge of Persian literature over the years and became an invaluable guide into the world of the TajikSoviet intelligentsia. In Nurek, Rust ambek and Kurbon Ashurov were my initial guides. Ismoil Tolbakov, Zaragul Mirasanova, and the staff at the Institute of Party History in Dushanbe kindly provided access to the party archives. Tahmina and her staff at the Central State Archive of the Republic of Tajikistan provided invaluable assistance over the years. Many thanks also to the staff of the Indira Gandhi Library at the Academy of Sciences, who were unfailingly kind, welcoming, accommodating, and patient. Since I started conducting research in Moscow in 2004 I have had the privi lege of feeling at home in Russia, a feeling unavailable to many emigrants. This is largely because Evgeny Golynkin and Alla Shashkova have shared their home with me. I am also grateful to Mikhail Lipkin, Sergey Abashin, Natalia Kapi tonova, Vladimir Shubin, Viacheslav Nekrasov, and other Moscow scholars who facilitated my research there and provided intellectual food for thought. Again, the staff at the various archives listed in the bibliography deserve special thanks. Mentors new and old have helped me conceptualize this project and offered valuable criticism and advice. Odd Arne Westad has continued to provide en couragement, support, and feedback long after his formal responsibility to do so ended. David Priestland has also given invaluable advice and considered feed back on some chapters. Adeeb Khalid encouraged me to pursue this project and helped me sharpen my thinking in the early stages. Muriel Atkin has been one of my sharpest critics since I first sat in her Russian history course as a freshman and used her encyclopedic knowledge of Tajikistan to help me develop this project. I have been shameless in asking friends and colleagues to read my work and offer feedback. Particular thanks to Flora Roberts, Patryk Reid, and Till Mostow lansky, who read earlier versions of this manuscript from beginning to end and offered helpful comments. Dina Fainberg read many of these chapters more than once; I cannot imagine finishing this project without her input. Same goes for

ix