Lemberg, Lwów, L'viv, 1914 - 1947

Christoph Mick

Description

Known as Lemberg in German and Lwów in Polish, the city of L'viv in modern Ukraine was in the crosshairs of imperial and national aspirations for much of the twentieth century. This book tells the compelling story of how its inhabitants (Roman Catholic Poles, Greek Catholic Ukrainians, and Jews) reacted to the sweeping political changes during and after World Wars I and II. The Eastern Front shifted back and forth, and the city changed hands seven times. At the end of each war, L'viv found itself in the hands of a different state.

While serious tensions had existed among Poles, Ukrainians/Ruthenians, and Jews in the city, before 1914 eruptions of violence were still infrequent. The changes of political control over the city during World War I led to increased intergroup frictions, new power relations, and episodes of shocking violence, particularly against Jews. The city's incorporation into the independent Polish Republic in November 1918 after a brief period of Ukrainian rule sparked intensified conflict. Ukrainians faced discrimination and political repression under the new government, and Ukrainian nationalists attacked the Polish state. In the 1930s, anti-Semitism increased sharply. During World War II, the city experienced first Soviet rule, then Nazi occupation, and finally Soviet conquest. The Nazis deported and murdered nearly all of the city's large Jewish population, and at the end of the war the Soviet forces expelled the city's Polish inhabitants.

Based on archival research conducted in L'viv, Kiev, Warsaw, Vienna, Berlin, and Moscow, as well as an array of contemporary printed sources and scholarly studies, this book examines how the inhabitants of the city reacted to the changes in political control, and how ethnic and national ideologies shaped their dealings with each other. An earlier German version of this volume was published as Kriegserfahrungen in einer multiethnischen Stadt: Lemberg 1914-1947(2011).

Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: World War I

Chapter 3: The Fight for the City

Chapter 4: Reconstruction and Remembrance, 1920–1939

Chapter 5: World War II

Chapter 6: Conclusion

Appendix: Maps

Acronyms

Bibliography

Index

Sujets

• Histoire
• Ucrania
• Segunda Guerra Mundial
• World War I
• Eastern Europe
• World War II
• History of Europe
• Eastern
• Poland
• Germany
• History
• Première Guerre mondiale
• Ukraine
• Seconde Guerre mondiale
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: Purdue University Press
• Date de parution: 15 juin 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781612493916
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914‒1947:

Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City

Central European Studies Carles Ingrao, founding editor Gary B. Coen, editor Howard Loutan, editor Franz A. J. Szabo, editor Daniel L. Unowsky, editor

Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914‒1947:

Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City

Christoph Mick

Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana

Copyright 2016 by Purdue University. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Licensed edition with permission from Otto Harrassowitz publishing company, Wiesbaden © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden, 2011.

The translation of this work was funded by Geisteswissenschaften Interna- tional—Translation Funding for Humanities and Social Sciences from Germany, a joint initiative of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal Foreign Ofîce, the collecting society VG WORT and the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association).

Cataloging-in-Publication data on île at the Library of Congress.

Mick, Christoph, author.  [Kriegserfahrungen in einer multiethnischen Stadt. English]  Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914-1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City / by Christoph Mick.  pages cm.—(Central European studies)  Includes bibliographical references and index.  ISBN 978-1-55753-671-6 (pbk.: alk. paper)  ISBN 978-1-61249-391-6 (epdf)  ISBN 978-1-61249-392-3 (epub)  1. L’viv (Ukraine)—History—20th century.  2. World War, 1914-1918—Ukraine—L’viv.  3. World War, 1939-1945—Ukraine—L’viv.  4. Jews—Ukraine—L’viv.  5. L’viv (Ukraine)—Ethnic relations. I. Title.  DK508.95.L86M53513 2016  947.7’9—dc23  2015027352

Cover image: Austrian postcard from 1915, commemorating the reconquest of L’viv, June 22, 1915.

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Foreword Preface Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: World War I

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Chapter 3: The Fight for the City

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Chapter 4: Reconstruction and Remembrance, 1920–1939

Chapter 5: World War II

Chapter 6: Conclusion

Appendix: Maps Acronyms Bibliography Index

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The territories of today’s Baltic states, western Belarus, and western Ukraine have had a particularly complex and, at times, troubled history over the last one hundred years. They belonged to the Tsarist and Habsburg empires before 1914 and saw much îghting and repeated changes in political control during and just after World War I. During the 1920s and 1930s they were governed by the inde- pendent Baltic and Polish republics, and then after autumn 1939 experienced new devastating warfare and shifted back and forth between Nazi and Soviet con- trol. After 1945 they all fell under the rule of the Soviet Union, which imposed on them its political, economic, and social systems.  Christoph Mick’s book tells a compelling story of how the inhabitants— Catholic Poles, Catholic and Orthodox Ukrainians, Jews, and others—in the old capital of Austrian Galicia experienced the traumas of the two world wars and the successive sweeping political changes. This book originated as aHabilitationthe- sis for the University of Tübingen and was initially published by Otto Harrasowitz Verlag in 2010 asKriegserfahrungen in einer Multiethnischen Stadt: Lemberg, 1914-1947 [War Experiences in a Multiethnic City: Lemberg/Lwów/L’viv, 1914- 1947].This English version represents a revised and shortened version of the Ger- man volume. It is a study of great originality based on a large body of archival research in L’viv, Kiev, Warsaw, and Moscow as well as a wealth of contemporary printed sources and scholarly studies. In Mick’s accounting, political control over the city changed hands some seven times between 1914 and 1947. Before World War I, there were serious political and social tensions among Poles, Ukrainians/ Ruthenians, and Jews in Lemberg/Lwów/L’viv, but only limited and infrequent violence. The changes of control over the city during the war led to new power relations, increased inter-group frictions, and episodes of shocking violence. After a brief period of Ukrainian rule, incorporation into an independent Polish Re- public in late November 1918 led to intensiîed civil conict and new large-scale attacks on Jews. Over the next two decades, the Polish government tried to sup- press Ukrainian nationalism in the city and the surrounding region and persecuted

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