The Enlightenment in Iberia and Ibero-America

Brian Hamnett

Description

This book discusses responses to the challenges faced by two different Iberian imperial systems in their struggle to sustain territorial integrity and economic interests in the face of international competition. During a so-called period of ‘Enlightened Despotism’, absolutist governments in Spain and Portugal sought to harness Enlightenment ideas to their policies of reform. The Iberian Enlightenment, however, did not rely exclusively on government sponsorship – it had existing foundations in sixteenth-century Spanish humanism and subsequent attempts at reform, and educated individuals in major cities frequently operated independently of government. The Enlightenment contributed greatly to the availability of potential political solutions to the urgent matter of political status, in the attempt to transform absolutist governments into constitutional systems and drawing in the process on the structures of medieval foundations, contemporary revolutions or less radical constitutional monarchies, or a combination of sources more closely aligned with Ibero-American realities.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Ibero
• Iberia
• América
• Iberian Peninsula
• History
• America
• Enlightenment
• Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: University of Wales Press
• Date de parution: 23 mars 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781786830470
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 13 Mo

Extrait

IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES

The Enîghtenment în Iberîa and IberoAmerîca

Serîes Edîtors Professor Davîd George (Swansea Unîversîty) Professor Pau Garner (Unîversîty of Leeds)

Edîtorîal Board

Davîd Frîer (Unîversîty of Leeds) Lîsa Shaw (Unîversîty of Lîverpoo) Gareth Waters (Swansea Unîversîty) Rob Stone (Unîversîty of Bîrmîngham) Davîd Gîes (Unîversîty of Vîrgînîa) Catherîne Davîes (Unîversîty of London) Rîchard Cemînson (Unîversîty of Leeds) Duncan Wheeer (Unîversîty of Leeds) Jo Labanyî (New York Unîversîty) Roger Bartra (Unîversîdad Nacîona Autónoma de Méxîco)

Other tîtles în the serîes Cataan Cartoons: A Cutura and Poîtîca Hîstory Rhîannon McGade Revoutîonarîes, Rebes and Robbers: The Goden Age of Bandîtry în Mexîco, Latîn Amerîca and the Chîcano Amerîcan southwest, 1850–1950 Pascae Baker Teresa Margoes and the Aesthetîcs of Death Juîa Banwe Gaîcîa, A Sentîmenta Natîon Heena MîgueezCarbaeîra The Brazîîan Road Movîe Sara Brandeero The Spanîsh Cîvî War Anîndya Raychaudhurî The Mexîcan Transîtîon: Poîtîcs, Cuture and Democracy în the Twentyirst Century Roger Bartra Adofo Bîoy Casares: Borges, Fîctîon and Art Kar Posso

IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES

The Enîghtenment în Iberîa and IberoAmerîca

BRIAN HAMNETT

UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS 2017

© Brîan Hamnett, 2017

A rîghts reserved. No part of thîs book may be reproduced în any materîa form (încudîng photocopyîng or storîng ît în any medîum by eectronîc means and whether or not transîenty or încîdentay to some other use of thîs pubîcatîon) wîthout the wrîtten permîssîon of the copyrîght owner. Appîcatîons for the copyrîght owner’s wrîtten permîssîon to reproduce any part of thîs pubîcatîon shoud be addressed to the Unîversîty of Waes Press, 10 Coumbus Wak, Brîgantîne Pace, Cardîff CF10 4UP.

www.uwp.co.uk

Brîtîsh Lîbrary CIP Data A cataogue record for thîs book îs avaîabe from the Brîtîsh Lîbrary

ISBN eISBN

9781786830463 9781786830470

The rîght of Brîan Hamnett to be îdentîied as author of thîs work has been asserted în accordance wîth sectîons 77 and 79 of the Copyrîght, Desîgns and Patents Act 1988.

Typeset by Mark Hesîngton Ltd, Scarborough, North Yorkshîre Prînted by CPI Antony Rowe, Meksham

Contents

Serîes Edîtors’ Foreword

Lîst of Abbrevîatîons

Preface

Introductîon

Chapter 1:

Chapter 2:

Chapter 3:

Chapter 4:

Chapter 5:

Chapter 6:

Chapter 7:

The Iberîan Enîghtenment: Nature and Sîgnîicance

Regaîsm, Papaîsm and Reform of the Cathoîc Church

State, Empîre and Reform în Tradîtîona Socîetîes

Enîghtenment and Reform în Portuga and Portuguese Amerîca

The Spanîsh Amerîcan Enîghtenment: Receptîon and Practîce

The Enîghtenment în New Spaîn

Issues and Personaîtîes of the Peruvîan Enîghtenment

vîî

vîîî

îx

1

23

46

79

114

144

166

190

vî

Chapter 8:

Chapter 9:

The Enîghtenment în Iberîa and IberoAmerîca

Fîna Remarks

Notes

Hîstory, Poîtîca Instîtutîons and the Questîon of Representatîon

The CounterEnîghtenment

Sources and Bîbîography

Index

208

242

264

273

329

353

Serîes Edîtors’ Foreword

Over recent decades the tradîtîona ‘anguages and îteratures’ mode în Spanîsh departments în unîversîtîes în the Unîted Kîngdom has been superseded by a contextua, înterdîscîpînary and ‘area studîes’ approach to the study of the cuture, hîstory, socîety and poîtîcs of the Hîspanîc and Lusophone words – catego- rîes that extend far beyond the conines of the Iberîan Penînsua, not ony în Latîn Amerîca but aso to Spanîshspeakîng and Luso- phone Afrîca. In response to these dynamîc trends în research prîorîtîes and currîcuum deveopment, thîs serîes îs desîgned to present both dîscîpînary and înterdîscîpînary research wîthîn the genera ied of Iberîan and Latîn Amerîcan Studîes, partîcuary studîes that expore a aspects of Cutura Productîon (înter aîa îterature, im, musîc, dance, sport) în Spanîsh, Portuguese, Basque, Cataan, Gaîcîan and îndîgenous anguages of Latîn Amerîca. The serîes aso aîms to pubîsh research în the Hîstory and Poîtîcs of the Hîspanîc and Lusophone words, at the eve of both the regîon and the natîonstate, as we as on Cutura Studîes that expore the shîftîng terraîns of gender, sexua, racîa and postcoonîa îdentîtîes în those same regîons.

AGI AHAV AHDE AHN AHR EHQ HAHR JLAS LBR RI

Lîst of Abbrevîatîons

Archîvo de Indîas, Sevîe Archîvo Hîstórîco de Ayuntamîento de Vaencîa Anuarîo de Hîstorîa de Derecho Españo Archîvo Hîstórîco Nacîona, Madrîd Amerîcan Hîstorîca Revîew European Hîstory Quartery Hîspanîc Amerîcan Hîstorîca Revîew Journa of Latîn Amerîcan Studîes LusoBrazîîan Revîew Revîsta de Indîas

Preface

‘Enîghtenment’ îs not an îdeoogy but a state of mînd. The way from preenîghtenment to a state of enîghtenment îs through experîence: ît passes from a condîtîon of not knowîng to one of knowedge. The dîfference îs between not understandîng what îs goîng on and understandîng ît. In Wagner’s opera,Parsîfa,the îgnorant, înnocent young man, who has just ired an arrow înto a lyîng swan, wîtnesses the ceremony of the Knîghts of the Graî wîthout understandîng anythîng. Gürnemanz, the narrator, has trîed to te hîm the sîgnîicance of what he wîtnessed but to no avaî. It takes Parsîfa two more Acts of the opera (and severa more hours) to understand through experîence the meanîng of these events. Enîghtenment, ît appears, cannot be tod: knowedge îs gaîned through experîence and sufferîng. Symbos and rîtuas then unrave theîr meanîng. Enîghtenment has been reveaed as a process of spîrîtua purîicatîon. We can see from thîs that Enîghtenment has frequenty been assocîated wîth reîgîon – wîth awakenîng and regeneratîon – and, ît shoud be saîd, not excusîvey assocîated wîth Buddhîsm. In Chrîstîan terms, enîghtenment may be the workîng of dîvîne grace. The attrîbutîon of Enîghtenment prîmarîy to eîghteenthcentury phîosophers and government mînîsters has caused the orîgîna meanîng to be practîcay (though not entîrey) ost. Thîs îs espe- cîay so, when atterday protagonîsts of the eîghteenthcentury Enîghtenment assocîate the term specîicay wîth antîreîgîon. Few eîghteenthcentury phîosophers dîd that. In the Iberîan and IberoAmerîcan Enîghtenment, mostîustrados sought to bînd together înherîted reîgîon wîth the new methods of thînkîng. They argued for reform în Church and State, în aw and educatîon, and în the practîce of scîence and medîcîne. Whenîustradoswho were