Nephrology and Public Health Worldwide

Description

Nephrology is one of the fastest growing specialties in medicine. Nevertheless, kidney disease is one of the most serious unmet health needs in many countries. To provide healthcare access with the desirable equity worldwide, the nephrology community needs to discuss this public health issue and take part in decisions for elaboration of public health policies with more justice and equity. This book brings together key current public health problems that affect kidney function and illuminates them in contributions by an international group of nephrologists and general practitioners. The chapters review current knowledge and provide guidelines to manage these conditions and decrease the disease burden. At the end, developments in the digital era and their application to kidney disease treatment are synthesized, and a broader outlook on the future of nephrology is given. Ultimately, the publication aims to gather nephrology and public health expertise from researchers from all over the world, providing a broad vision of issues that must be discussed and overcome to guarantee a better treatment for patients with kidney diseases in the world today.

Sujets

• Medical
• Médecine
• Nephrology

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 02 novembre 2021
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9783318069372
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

Contributions to Nephrology

Nephrology and Public Health Worldwide

Editors Geraldo B. Silva Junior Alejandro Ferreiro Fuentes Masaomi Nangaku Giuseppe Remuzzi Claudio Ronco

Volume 199

Nephrology and Public Health Worldwide

Contributions to Nephrology

Vol. 199

Series Editor Claudio Ronco Vicenza

Nephrology and Public Health Worldwide

Volume Editors

Geraldo B. Silva Junior Fortaleza Alejandro Ferreiro Fuentes Montevideo Masaomi Nangaku Tokyo Giuseppe Remuzzi Bergamo Claudio Ronco Vicenza

43 figures, 23 in color, and 33 tables, 2021

Basel ∙ Freiburg ∙ Hartford ∙ Oxford ∙ Bangkok ∙ Dubai ∙ Kuala Lumpur ∙ Melbourne ∙ Mexico City ∙ Moscow ∙ New Delhi ∙ Paris ∙ Shanghai ∙ Tokyo

Contributions to Nephrology (Founded 1975 by Geoffrey M. Berlyne)

Geraldo B. Silva Junior University of Fortaleza and Federal University of Ceara School of Medicine Fortaleza 60811905 (Brazil) [e-mail]

Alejandro Ferreiro Fuentes Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República Montevideo 11600 (Uruguay) [e-mail]

Masaomi Nangaku The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo 113-8655 (Japan) [e-mail]

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Giuseppe Remuzzi Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS IT–24126 Bergamo (Italy) [e-mail]

Claudio Ronco lnternational Renal Research lnstitute, St. Bortolo Hospital IT–36100 Vicenza (Italy) [e-mail]

Names: Silva Junior, Geraldo B., editor. | Ferreiro Fuentes, Alejandro,  editor. | Nangaku, Masaomi, editor. | Remuzzi, Giuseppe, editor. |  Ronco, C. (Claudio), 1951- editor. Title: Nephrology and public health worldwide / volume editors, Geraldo B.  Silva Junior, Alejandro Ferreiro Fuentes, Masaomi Nangaku, Giuseppe  Remuzzi, Claudio Ronco. Other titles: Contributions to nephrology ; v. 199. 0302-5144 Description: Basel ; Hartford : Karger, 2021. | Series: Contributions to  nephrology, 0302-5144 ; vol. 199 | Includes bibliographical references  and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2021031623 (print) | LCCN 2021031624 (ebook) | ISBN  9783318069365 (hardcover) ; (alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318069372 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | Public Health Practice |  Global Health Classification: LCC RC903 (print) | LCC RC903 (ebook) | NLM W1 CO778UN  v.199 2021 | DDC 362.196/661--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021031623 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021031624

® Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and PubMed/MEDLINE. Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © Copyright 2021 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) ISBN 978–3–318–06936–5 e-ISBN 978–3–318–06937–2 ISSN 0302–5144 e-ISSN 1662–2782

Contents

VII  Preface  Nangaku, M. (Tokyo); Silva Junior, G.B. (Fortaleza)

Introduction 1  Public Health and Nephrology: Contributions of Epidemiology to the Study,  Understanding, Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Disease  Fraser, S.D.S.; Roderick, P.J. (Southampton)

15 Patterns for Promoting Kidney Health Dietary  de Melo, M.L.P.; Bezerra, I.N.; Cabral, N.D.S.G.; Santiago, R.D.A.; de Azevedo, C.V. (Fortaleza) 24 and Obesity Impacts on Kidney Health Nutrition  Wang, A.Y.M. (Hong Kong SAR); Kovesdy, C.P. (Memphis, TN) 43 Activity and Health in Chronic Kidney Disease Physical  Wilund, K.R. (Urbana, IL); Thompson, S. (Edmonton, AB); Viana, J.L. (Maia);  Wang, A.Y.M. (Hong Kong SAR) 56  Sepsis and Kidney Injury  Koyner, J.L. (Chicago, IL) 71  Heart Disease and the Kidneys  Silva, R.P.; Diógenes, C. (Fortaleza) 80  Stroke and Chronic Kidney Disease  Kelly, D.M.; Kelleher, E.M. (Oxford); Sood, M.M. (Ottawa, ON) 91  Onconephrology: A New Challenge for the Nephrologist  Fofi, C.; Festuccia, F. (Rome) 106  Regional and Racial Disparities in HIVRelated Kidney Disease  Sinclair, M.; Wyatt, C.M. (Durham, NC) 114 Cell Disease and the Kidney: Pathophysiology and Novel Biomarkers Sickle  Lemes, R.P.G.; Rocha Laurentino, M.; Castelo, L.R.; Silva Junior, G.B. (Fortaleza) 122  Motor vehicle Injury and Kidney Damage: Trauma, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Kidney Injury  and Beyond  Camurça Fernandes, P.F.C.B.; Gonçalves Lima Paiva, J.H.H. (Fortaleza) 131 ToxinsRelated Acute Kidney Injury  Albuquerque, P.; Meneses, G. (Fortaleza) 143 Nephropathy Herbal  ClaureDel Granado, R. (Cochabamba); EspinosaCuevas, M.D.L.Á. (Mexico City)

V

155 Prescription Drug Overdose, Depression, and other Mental Disorders in the Context of  Kidney Disease  Menezes, R.R.P.P.B.D.; Sampaio, T.L.; Martins, A.M.C.; de Sousa Alves, R.; Magalhães, E.P. (Fortaleza) 162  Kidney Acute Injury in Obstetric Patients  Cavin, N.; Santana de Roberts, R.; Jim, B. (Bronx, NY) 179 and Kidney Disease: Risk Factors, Challenges and Preventive Strategies Smoking  Coelho, F.O (Salvador); Andrade, L. (São Paulo) 188 Use and the Kidney: A Review of Public Policies and Studies on Kidney Disease Tobacco  Progression  Boggia, J.; Silvariño, R.; Ferreiro Fuentes, A. (Montevideo) 201  Neglected Tropical Diseases and the Kidneys  Silva Junior, G.B. (Fortaleza); Srisawat, N.; Sirivongrangson, P. (Bangkok); Fayad, T. (Cairo);  Sanclemente, E. (Popayán); Daher, E.F. (Fortaleza) 229  Covid19 and the Kidney: Should Nephrologists Care about Covid19 rather  than Maintaining Their Focus on Renal Patients?  Perico, N.; Perico, L. (Bergamo); Ronco, C. (Padua/Vicenza); Remuzzi, G. (Bergamo) 244  SnakebiteAssociated Kidney Injury  Albuquerque, P.; Mota, S.M. (Fortaleza) 252  The Environmental Role of Hydration in Kidney Health and Disease  Nerbass, F.B. (Joinville); PecoitsFilho, R. (Curitiba/Ann Arbor, MI); CaliceSilva, V. (Joinville) 266 AgingRelated Kidney Diseases  Kitai, Y. (Kyoto); Nangaku, M. (Tokyo); Yanagita, M. (Kyoto)  Air Pollution and Kidney Diseases: PM 2.5 as an emerging Culprit 274  An, Y.; Liu, Z.H. (Nanjing) 285  The role of Perfluorinated Compounds Pollution in the Development of Acute and Chronic  Kidney Disease  Ferrari, F. (Pavia/Vicenza); Manera, M. ; Mongodi, S. (Pavia); Esposito, P. (Genoa);  Ronco, C. (Vicenza/Padua) 297 for Disparities in Access to Kidney Transplantation Reasons  Veras de SandesFreitas, T. (Fortaleza); AbbudFilho, M. (São José do Rio Preto); Garcia, V.D. (Porto Alegre) 307  Digital Health and Possible Solutions to Improve the Care in the Field of Nephrology  Silva Junior, G.B. (Fortaleza) ; Askari, M. (Rotterdam); Oliveira, J. (Fortaleza) 322  The Rights of Patients with chronic Kidney Disease in the World: Legal Perspectives and  Challenges in Brazil, India, Portugal, South Africa and Nigeria  Assis Buosi, A.P. (Fortaleza) ; Paturkar, D. (Pune); Dias, E.R. (Fortaleza) ; Estorninho, M.J. (Lisbon);  Kolawole, O. (Cape Town); Ghooi, R. (Pune); Lutchman, S. (Cape Town)

Postface 339 Future of Nephrology and Public Health The  Silva Junior, G.B. ( Fortaleza/Porto Alegre) ; Gadonski, G. (Porto Alegre); Ferreiro Fuentes, A. (Montevideo);  Nangaku, M. (Tokyo); Remuzzi, G. (Bergamo); Ronco, C. (Padua/Vicenza)

351  Author Index 352 Index Subject

Preface

Published online: July 27, 2021

Silva Junior GB, Ferreiro Fuentes A, Nangaku M, Remuzzi G, Ronco C (eds): Nephrology and Public Health Worldwide. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger, 2021, vol 199, pp VII–VIII (DOI: 10.1159/000517715)

Preface

Nephrology is growing fast in the face of signifi- cant challenges. Not only are diseases being ex- plored in ever greater detail, but there are an in- creasing number of patients with kidney diseases. Moreover, rapidly developing technologies are providing new connections between people and entering the healthcare sector to facilitate re- search, diagnosis, and treatment, even as the im- portance of humanizing patients’ care remains paramount. Molecular and genetic basis of dis- eases has received particular attention because it plays a central role in almost all diseases and med- ical conditions and contributes to novel drug dis- coveries. Yet, the 10 most important public health problems and concerns according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – alcohol-re- lated harm, food safety, healthcare-associated in- fections, heart disease and stroke, HIV, motor ve- hicle injury, nutrition, physical activity and obe- sity, prescription drug overdose, teen pregnancy, and tobacco use – are also all associated with kid- ney disease, albeit to varying extents. Another group of diseases impacting the kidneys are the neglected tropical diseases, among which the

World Health Organization includes Chagas dis- ease, dengue, chikungunya, leishmaniasis, lepro- sy, schistosomiasis, and snakebite envenoming. Toxicity from drugs, herbs, and air pollutants fur- ther damages kidneys. Moreover, the novel coro- navirus disease (COVID-19), which is by now the most severe pandemic of the 21st century, was found to cause important kidney injury since the first cases in Asia and Europe. Consequently, kid- ney disease is one of the most serious unmet health needs in many countries. Yet, healthcare access is not provided with the desirable equity worldwide. To achieve a gold standard landing place in treatment and prevention of kidney dis- eases, the nephrology community needs to dis- cuss these public health issues worldwide and take part in decisions for elaboration of public health policies with more justice and equity. This book brings together key current public health problems that affect kidney function and illuminates them in contributions by nephrolo- gists and general practitioners from different parts of the world. The chapters review current knowledge and provide guidelines to manage

these conditions and decrease the disease burden. At the end, we synthesize developments in the digital era and their application to kidney disease treatment and give a broader outlook on the fu- ture of nephrology, whose horizon is promising and full of technology. Ultimately, the book aims to gather nephrology and public health expertise

VIII

from researchers from all over the world, provid- ing a broad vision of issues that must be discussed and overcome to guarantee a better treatment for patients with kidney diseases in the world today. Masaomi Nangaku, Tokyo Geraldo Silva Junior, Fortaleza

Nangaku/Silva Junior

Silva Junior GB, Ferreiro Fuentes A, Nangaku M, Remuzzi G, Ronco C (eds): Nephrology and Public Health Worldwide. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger, 2021, vol 199, pp VII–VIII (DOI: 10.1159/000517715)

Introduction

Published online: July 27, 2021

Silva Junior GB, Ferreiro Fuentes A, Nangaku M, Remuzzi G, Ronco C (eds): Nephrology and Public Health Worldwide. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger, 2021, vol 199, pp 1–14 (DOI: 10.1159/000517671)

Public Health and Nephrology: Contributions of Epidemiology to the Study, Understanding, Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Disease

Simon D.S. Fraser Paul J. Roderick School of Primary Care, Population Science and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK

Abstract Kidney disease is frequently described as a public health problem. This chapter will unpack what we mean by “public health” and by “taking a public health approach.” We will consider the global burden of kidney diseases and their determinants, with a focus on chronic kidney dis- ease. We will explore the aetiology of chronic kidney dis- ease across the life course and the way in which kidney health frequently reflects inequities in societal health, therefore requiring a public health response. We will de- scribe some of the public health endeavours that help address these problems and then introduce epidemiol- ogy as the core science of public health. We will describe the common epidemiological study designs with a focus on observational studies and explore the role of the vari- ous study designs in addressing different types of re- search question, and thereby contributing to distinct as- pects of disease understanding. We will introduce concepts of primary and secondary prevention and ex- plore the ways in which the application of different epi- demiological study designs has contributed to the knowl- edge and understanding of kidney diseases. We will

discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different study designs and explain how epidemiological methods allow for the quantification of public health problems. © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel

Introduction

It is clear from multiple sources that there are im- portant global disparities in the causes, incidence, prevalence, care and outcomes of kidney diseases, both chronic and acute. Examples include the marked influence of poverty on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in low-, middle- and high-income countries [1], wide variation in the burden of CKD and its underlying determinants across the world, with some countries and regions experi- encing dramatic increases [2, 3], and significant ethnic disparities in CKD incidence and preva- lence as well as in access to treatments, including dialysis and kidney transplantation [4, 5]. These