pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 21 août 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318063851
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges
Current Problems in Dermatology
Vol. 54
Series Editors
Peter Itin Basel
Gregor B.E. Jemec Roskilde
 
pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges
Volume Editors
Christian Surber Basel/Zurich
Christoph Abels Bielefeld
Howard Maibach San Francisco, CA
41 Figures, 32 in color, and 13 tables, 2018
______________________________ Prof. Dr. phil. nat. Christian Surber University Hospital Basel Department of Dermatology Basel (Switzerland) University Hospital Zurich Department of Dermatology Zurich (Switzerland)
______________________________ Prof. Dr. med. Christian Abels Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel Bielefeld (Germany)
______________________________ Howard Maibach University of California San Francisco Department of Dermatology San Francisco, CA (USA)
This book was generously supported by Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co.KG Arzneimittel.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Surber, Christian, 1955- editor. | Abels, Christoph, editor. | Maibach, Howard I., editor.
Title: pH of the skin : issues and challenges / editors, Christian Surber, Christoph Abels, Howard Maibach.
Other titles: Current problems in dermatology ; v. 54. 1421-5721
Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2018. | Series: Current problems in dermatology, ISSN 1421-5721 ; vol. 54 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018027291| ISBN 9783318063844 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318063851 (electronic version)
Subjects: | MESH: Skin--chemistry | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | Skin Diseases
Classification: LCC RL74 | NLM WR 102 | DDC 616.5--dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2018027291
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
The authors, the editors and the publisher have made every effort to obtain permission for all copyright-protected material. Any omissions are entirely unintentional. The publisher would be pleased to hear from anyone whose rights unwittingly have been infringed.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Copyright 2018 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 1421–5721
e-ISSN 1662–2944
ISBN 978–3–318–06384–4
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06385–1
 
Contents
Preface
Surber, C. (Basel/Zurich); Abels, C. (Bielefeld); Maibach, H. (San Francisco, CA)
Background and Introduction
The Acid Mantle: A Myth or an Essential Part of Skin Health?
Surber, C. (Basel/Zurich); Humbert, P. (Besan on); Abels, C. (Bielefeld); Maibach, H. (San Francisco, CA)
Chemistry of pH/pH Measurement
Buffering Capacity
Proksch, E. (Kiel)
Measurement of Skin Surface pH
du Plessis, J.L. (Potchefstroom); Stefaniak, A.B. (Morgantown, WV); Wilhelm, K.-P. (Schenefeld)
Physiology of the Skin pH
Skin Surface pH in Newborns: Origin and Consequences
Fluhr, J.W. (Berlin); Darlenski, R. (Stara Zagora/Sofia)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Skin Surface pH
Farage, M.A.; Hood, W. (Cincinnati, OH); Berardesca, E. (Rome); Maibach, H. (San Francisco, CA)
Gender, Age, and Ethnicity as Factors That Can Influence Skin pH
Choi, E.H. (Wonju)
Endogenous Factors That Can Influence Skin pH
B r , T.; Ol h, A.; T th, B.I.; Sz ll si, A.G. (Debrecen)
Lipids in the Skin and pH
Wohlrab, J.; Gebert, A.; Neubert, R.H.H. (Halle (Saale))
Influence of pH on Skin Stem Cells and Their Differentiation
Charruyer, A.; Ghadially, R. (San Francisco, CA)
The Influence of Calcium on the Skin pH and Epidermal Barrier During Aging
Rinnerthaler, M.; Richter, K. (Salzburg)
pH in Skin Pathophysiology
pH and Microbial Infections
Rippke, F. (Hamburg); Berardesca, E. (Rome); Weber, T.M. (Wilton, CT)
pH in Atopic Dermatitis
Danby, S.G.; Cork, M.J. (Sheffield)
Role of Skin pH in Psoriasis
Bigliardi, P.L. (Minneapolis, MN)
pH and Acne
Sch rer, N. (Osnabr ck)
pH in Cosmetic Products/Topical Formulations
pH and Buffer Capacity of Topical Formulations
Wohlrab, J.; Gebert, A. (Halle (Saale))
The Relation of pH and Skin Cleansing
Blaak, J.; Staib, P. (W rzburg)
pH and Drug Delivery
stergaard Knudsen, N.; Pommergaard Pedersen, G. (Ballerup)
Metamorphosis of Vehicles: Mechanisms and Opportunities
Surber, C. (Basel/Zurich); Knie, U. (Bielefeld)
Influence of Topical Formulations: Lipid Lamella Organization and Lipid Composition of Stratum Corneum as a Surrogate Marker for Barrier Integrity
D hnhardt, D. (Flintbek); Surber, C. (Basel/Zurich); D hnhardt-Pfeiffer, S. (Flintbek)
Skin Care Products: Age-Appropriate Cosmetics
Abels, C. (Bielefeld); Angelova-Fischer, I. (Linz)
Skin Care Products for Healthy and Diseased Skin
Surber, C. (Basel/Zurich); Dragicevic, N. (Belgrade); Kottner, J. (Berlin)
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
In the beginning of the 20th century, S ren Peter Lauritz S rensen defined the concept of expressing acidity as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, which he termed pH. The general usefulness of the pH concept for life science was recognized by Leonor Michaelis (1922). He helped to convince biochemists and later chemists and others of the critical importance of pH to analytical research. In 1928, Heinrich Schade and Alfred Marchionini reported results of their pH measurements from living skin and coined the term acid mantle of the skin. After this pioneering work, the number of investigations on pH and its effect on skin has steadily grown to the present day. The physiologic role of an acidic skin surface was originally thought to be a defense mechanism against invading organisms. More recently, it has been demonstrated that several key processes involved in the synthesis and maintenance of a competent skin barrier are also affected by pH and its gradient within the epidermis. And, the significance of the buffer capacity of the skin - defined as resistance to pH changes when acidic or alkaline topicals are applied to the skin - has been recognized. For a number of biochemical processes within the skin, the compartmental pH is crucial, for example, in pigmentation, ion homeostasis, epidermal (stem) cell behavior, and so on. The often existing difference between the H + concentration of extra- and intracellular as well as subcellular compartments establishes an ionic, electric, and/or osmotic driving force; hence, H + concentration per se acts as an extra-, intra-, and subcellular signaling modality affecting and controlling many cellular functions. One may even consider pH a universal signal and effector. It is therefore also no surprise that skin pH shifts have been observed in various skin pathologies. It is also obvious that the pH in topically applied preparations may play an important role. Optimal pH and buffer capacity within topical preparations may not only support the stability of active ingredients and auxiliary materials but may also increase the absorption of the non-ionized species of an acidic or a basic active ingredient or may even open opportunities to modify and correct skin pH and hence accelerate barrier recovery, maintain, or enhance barrier integrity. Further efforts are needed to standardize and improve pH measurements in biological media or pharmaceutical/cosmetic vehicles to increase and ensure quality, comparability, and relevance of research data.
In this volume, we present a unique collection of papers that address past, present, and future issues of the pH of healthy and diseased skin. It is hoped that this collection will foster future efforts in clinical and experimental skin research.
Christian Surber , Basel/Zurich Christoph Abels , Bielefeld Howard Maibach , San Francisco, CA
Background and Introduction
Surber C, Abels C, Maibach H (eds): pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges. Curr Probl Dermatol. Basel, Karger, 2018, vol 54, pp 1-10 (DOI: 10.1159/000489512)
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