Reform and Conflict

W. Heinze Rudoph, Tim Dowley

Description

This volume covers a period of major change that had a lasting impact on art, science, economics, political thought, and education. Rudolph W. Heinze examines the various positions taken by medieval church reformers, explores the efforts of the leading reformer Martin Luther, and emphasises how the reformations brought moral and doctrinal changes to Christianity, permanently altering the religious landscape, then and now.

Sujets

• Philosophie et théologie
• History of Christianity
• History of religions
• Christianity

Informations

• Publié par: Lion Hudson
• Date de parution: 18 octobre 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780857213945
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Copyright © 2005, 2006 by Rudolph W. Heinze
The right of Rudolph W. Heinze to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Originally published in the United States of America by Baker Books in 2005. Reproduced from the original setting by agreement.
Published in the UK by Monarch Books an imprint of Lion Hudson plc Wilkinson House, Jordan Hill Road, Oxford OX2 8DR. Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail] www.lionhudson.com/monarch
ISBN: 978-1-85424-690-5 e-ISBN: 978-0-85721-394-5
Unless otherwise stated, Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version, © 1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of Hodder & Stoughton Ltd. All rights reserved.
Scripture marked RSV is taken from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
British Library Cataloguing Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover design: Baker Cover image: Corbis
Praise for Reform and Conflict
“Heinze’s deep roots in the Lutheran and Anglican traditions plus his lifelong investigation of the multifaceted aspects of the Reformation have resulted in a magnificent history of that period that is concise, lucid, and beautifully written. The most recent scholarship is cited plus appropriate citations from primary sources which contribute to a most balanced and judicious narrative. The endnotes must be read, for they contain fascinating observations of the author. The bibliography is comprehensive and the key to the newest scholarship.
“Scholars will find Heinze’s insights provocative, and anyone interested in church history will find this volume to be the best introduction to one of the critical turning points in Western history.”
 
Robert V. Schnucker, former managing editor and book review editor, 16 th Century Journal; professor of religion, University of Northern Iowa
 
“Containing fifteen highly competent chapters assessing the extent and validity of the contemporary fashion for ‘ revisionism ,’ Dr. Heinze’s new book provides the student world with an up-to-date text. Readers will welcome the way he evaluates the paradoxical nature of the sixteenth-century reformations as not only radical crises but also a series of essentially conservative events altogether loyal to the timeless truths underlying a great Christian tradition.
“ Reform and Conflict merits high praise for surveying the byways as well as the highways criss-crossing a tortuous terrain. Truly, as a guide to three-dimensional history in the most complex of periods, it will prove invaluable.”
Peter Newman Brooks, fellow emeritus in ecclesiastical history, Robinson College
 
“For anyone looking for a comprehensive, well-written, and up-to-date history of the Reformation, Reform and Conflict should be their first choice. Professor Heinze explains complex topics lucidly and accurately. Historiographical issues are covered fairly. All of the important subjects of the Reformation are given substantial coverage while the human dimension of the era and the various people involved with these events is rightly emphasized. Reform and Conflict will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of scholars and the general reading public while at the same time it will serve as a fine textbook for use in the college classroom. The excitement of the age of the Reformation along with its triumphs and tragedies come alive in this book.”
Ronald H. Fritze, dean of arts and sciences, Athens State University
 
“ Reform and Conflict is a well-written and insightful work by a ripe scholar of Reformation history. It is well-balanced in its approach to the period—just traditional enough to serve as a sound source to learn the rudiments of the Reformation movement and just cutting-edge enough to make the reader aware of the new social history and current gender studies. University students seeking a reliable guide to this era will find it both useful and delightful, and any member of the lay reading public who wishes to know more about Luther, Calvin, and their ilk will discover an enjoyable read. I commend it to one and all.”
Robert D. Linder, university distinguished professor of history, Kansas State University
Table of Contents
Cover Title Page Copyright Praise for Reform and Conflict Maps and Illustrations   Preface   Writing the History of the Reformation    1: Church and Society in the Late Middle Ages    2: Reform and Conflict in the Late Medieval Church    3: Martin Luther and the Origin of the Lutheran Reformation    4: The Consolidation and Spread of the Lutheran Reformation    5: The Urban Reformation: Zurich, Basel, and Strasbourg    6: The Radical Reformation    7: Calvin and Calvinism    8: Origins of the English Reformation    9: The Scottish Reformation and the Elizabethan Settlement    10: The Catholic Reformation    11: Women and the Reformation    12: Non-Western Churches and Missionary Enterprises    13: Theological Conflict, Confessions, and Confessionalization    14: A Century of Military Conflict    15: The Impact of the Reformation Time Line Suggestions for Further Reading Notes Index
MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Maps
French Protestantism 1560–1683
The Catholic Recovery ca. 1650
The Catholic Missions, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Popular Religious Affiliation in 1560
German Protestantism in 1618
Illustrations
Medieval Doctrine of Justification
Desiderius Erasmus
John Wycliffe
John Hus 65 Girolamo Savonarola
Martin Luther
Philip Melanchthon
Ulrich Zwingli
Martin Bucer
John Beukels of Leyden
John Calvin
Guillaume Farel
William Tyndale
Thomas Cranmer
John Knox
James VI
Francis Xavier
Francis I
Marguerite of Valois
PREFACE

The “textbook mentality” that an assertion is true because it is written down, is utterly alien to any historical outlook.
David Bebbington 1
Although the past does not change, the way in which historians view and explain it is in a constant state of flux. New research, new methods, and new questions regularly shed new light on the past. As a result, historians can never rest secure that their previous study of a period, no matter how detailed and thorough, can be relied on without qualification to instruct a new generation of students. Those who were privileged to be taught Reformation history by the great scholars of the past generation will always appreciate what was learned from outstanding historians such as Roland Bainton, Harold Grimm, A. G. Dickens, and G. R. Elton. However, just as these scholars revised past interpretations, so, in turn, their students have suggested new ways of understanding the Reformation.
One of the unfortunate aspects of revisionism in historical studies is that too often the new generation of historians is overly critical of what their forefathers taught. As a result, they abandon previously hard-won insights and present a radically new view of the period. This book is an effort to take seriously the interpretations resulting from new research as well as what the great scholars of the past believed about the Reformation. It also includes insights that I have gained from four decades of teaching Reformation history to students on two continents. Although the effort to synthesize interpretations that present radically contrasting explanations may not please all who read this volume, I hope it will be of help in better understanding a complex movement.
The title of this work conveys both the greatness and the tragedy of the Reformation. It was a paradoxical period in the history of the Christian church since the church emerged from the century and a half labeled “the Reformation era” both stronger and weaker. The Reformation brought moral and doctrinal reform to all the branches of the Western Christian church, but reform was achieved at the cost of conflict and bitter divisions between Christians that also weakened the church. Today both Protestants and Catholics can look back to the Reformation as a period that has greatly influenced what they believe and practice. They can also rightly revere the great church leaders of that era who provide an inspiring example of commitment and courage. However, those leaders had their share of human weaknesses, and they often reacted to fellow Christians with whom they disagreed in a very un-Christian manner. They also contributed to the conflicts that divided Christendom and resulted in the terrible blood-letting that characterized the final century of the Reformation era. Reform and conflict combined to produce a church that was very different in 1650 from what it had been in 1500. We have gained much from the reform aspects of the Reformation, and hopefully what we learn from the conflicts can help us to avoid making similar mistakes in the future.
I’m grateful to Baker Books for their sponsorship of this series and in particular to the members of the staff who worked on this volume including my project editor Paul Brinkerhoff, acquisitions editor Chad Allen, copyeditor Lois Stück, and Kathleen Strattan, who produced the index. I also appreciate the work of the staff at Monarch Books in London, and especially Tony Collins, for their contributions. I am pleased to dedicate these efforts to my wife, Mildred, and to my children, Phillip, Lisa, and Michael. Through the many years I spent in research and writing, they put up with a husband and father who was often