Macroscopic Identification Atlas of Endangered Woods Common in Trade

YIN Yafang - JIAO Lichao - HE Tuo - JIANG Xiaomei

Description

The Macroscopic Identification Atlas of Endangered Woods Common in Trade was edited by the Wildlife Conservation Department of China National Forestry and Grassland Adminis tration (NFGA), the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) Management Authority of China and the Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, with the support of the International Association of Wood Anat omists (IAWA) and the Research Group 5.16.00 of the International Union of Forest Research Organization (IUFRO). In the atlas, a total of twenty-six tree species listed in the CITES Appendices, were included. The taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphological characteristics of trees, wood description, identification characteristics of wood, type of wood products, and conservation class of each species is reviewed. Moreover, key identification features, in comparison with the similar (easy to be confused or look-alike) species, are indicated with images of solid wood and at low magnification under the stereomicroscope. The atlas is portable and suitable for on-site inspection and law enforcement training. It will provide an important reference for law enforcement and customs of China, and strengthen management of imports and exports of endangered tree species. Meanwhile, the atlas will assist the popularization of wood science for the public.

Preface

Overview......................................................................................1

Instructions..................................................................................8

General Knowledge of WoodIdentification............................ 10

Pinuskoraiensis......................................................................30

Pinus armandii..................................................................... 32

Pinussylvestris.....................................................................33

Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica............................................ 34

Pinustabuliformis.................................................................35

Taxuschinensis.......................................................................36

Cephalotaxus fortunei...........................................................38

Cupressusfunebris................................................................ 39

Pseudotaxus chienii.............................................................. 40

Torreya grandis.....................................................................41

Aquilariasinensis................................................................... 42

Chamaecyparisformosensis................................................. 46

Cocos nucifera......................................................................47

Gonystylusbancanus............................................................ 48

Memecylonligustrifolium..................................................... 49

Strychnosovata..................................................................... 50

Bulnesiasarmientoi................................................................ 51

Chlorocardium rodiei........................................................... 54

Guaiacumofficinale.............................................................. 55

Guaiacum sanctum............................................................... 56

Handroanthusserratifolius................................................... 57

Cedrelaodorata.......................................................................58

Carapaguianensis................................................................ 61

Guarealaurentii.................................................................... 62

Khayaanthotheca................................................................. 63

Swieteniamacrophylla.......................................................... 64

Dalbergiacochinchinensis.................................................... 65

Dalbergia latifolia................................................................ 69

Dalbergiaoliveri................................................................... 70

Dalbergia retusa................................................................... 71

Platymiscium pinnatum........................................................ 72

Swartzia benthamiana.......................................................... 73

Dalbergia granadillo.............................................................. 74

Dalbergia congestiflora........................................................ 77

Dalbergia stevensonii........................................................... 78

Machaeriumscleroxylon....................................................... 79

Platymiscium pinnatum........................................................ 80

Dalbergialatifolia................................................................... 81

Dalbergia cochinchinensis................................................... 84

Dalbergia granadillo............................................................ 85

Dalbergia retusa................................................................... 86

Dalbergia stevensonii........................................................... 87

Swartzialeiocalycina............................................................ 88

Terminalia tomentosa........................................................... 89

Dalbergialouvelii.................................................................... 90

Dalbergia granadillo............................................................ 93

Dalbergiamelanoxylon......................................................... 94

Gluta renghas....................................................................... 95

Pterocarpussantalinus......................................................... 96

Dalbergia melanoxylon......................................................... 97

Combretum imberbe........................................................... 100

Dalbergialouvelii............................................................... 101

Diospyrosebenum............................................................... 102

Guibourtia conjugata......................................................... 103

Swartzia bannia.................................................................. 104

Xanthostemon melanoxylon................................................105

Dalbergia oliveri....................................................................106

Bobgunnia madagascariensis..............................................110

Burkea africana...................................................................111

Dalbergia odorifera.............................................................112

Dalbergia retusa..................................................................113

Dalbergia sissoo..................................................................114

Dalbergia retusa....................................................................115

Dalbergia cochinchinensis..................................................118

Dalbergia stevensonii..........................................................119

Dalbergia tucurensis...........................................................120

Dalbergiastevensonii........................................................... 121

Anadenanthera macrocarpa ...............................................124

Dalbergia granadillo ..........................................................125

Dalbergia latifolia.............................................................. 126

Dalbergiatucurensis........................................................... 127

Machaerium scleroxylon.....................................................128

Fraxinus mandshurica........................................................ 129

Fraxinusamericana............................................................ 132

Fraxinus chinensis..............................................................133

Quercusacutissima............................................................. 134

Quercusmongolica............................................................. 135

Gonystylus bancanus...........................................................136

Brosimumalicastrum.......................................................... 138

Brosimumutile.................................................................... 139

Falcataria moluccana.........................................................140

Jacaranda copaia............................................................... 141

Guaiacumsanctum............................................................... 142

Bulnesia sarmientoi ............................................................144

Guaiacumofficinale............................................................ 145

Handroanthus serratifolius.................................................146

Guibourtia demeusei............................................................147

Colophospermum mopane ..................................................149

Guibourtiaehie................................................................... 150

Guibourtia pellegriniana....................................................151

Hymenaeacourbaril........................................................... 152

Guibourtia tessmannii......................................................... 153

Daniellia oliveri..................................................................156

Guibourtiaarnoldiana........................................................ 157

Guibourtia coleosperma.....................................................158

Guibourtia conjugata .........................................................159

Hymenaeacourbaril........................................................... 160

Pachyelasma tessmannii.....................................................161

Paubrasilia echinata ............................................................162

Baikiaea plurijuga.............................................................. 164

Cynometra malaccensis......................................................165

Libidibiapunctata............................................................... 166

Pericopsiselata...................................................................... 167

Baikiaea plurijuga.............................................................. 170

Miliciaexcelsa.................................................................... 171

Pericopsisangolensis......................................................... 172

Tectonagrandis................................................................... 173

Pterocarpus erinaceus......................................................... 174

Afzeliaafricana................................................................... 177

Dialium excelsum............................................................... 178

Pterocarpus angolensis...................................................... 179

Pterocarpusindicus............................................................ 180

Pterocarpussantalinus........................................................ 181

Baphia nitida...................................................................... 185

Dalbergialouvelii............................................................... 186

Gluta renghas..................................................................... 187

Pterocarpustinctorius........................................................ 188

Pterocarpustinctorius.......................................................... 189

Baikiaea plurijuga.............................................................. 193

Baphia nitida...................................................................... 194

Dalbergialouvelii............................................................... 195

Pterocarpussantalinus....................................................... 196

Quercusmongolica............................................................... 197

Fagus grandifolia............................................................... 201

Fraxinuschinensis.............................................................. 202

Fraxinusmandshurica........................................................ 203

Quercusacutissima............................................................. 204

Swieteniamacrophylla......................................................... 205

Carapaguianensis.............................................................. 208

Cedrelaodorata.................................................................. 209

Entandrophragma angolense.............................................. 210

Guarea grandifolia..............................................................211

Khaya anthotheca...............................................................212

Swieteniamahagoni............................................................. 213

Cedrelafissilis.....................................................................216

Guarea grandifolia............................................................. 217

Khayaivorensis...................................................................218

Khayasenegalensis............................................................. 219

Swieteniahumilis................................................................ 220

Appendix 1 26 Endangered Woods Common in Tradeand

Their Similar Woods....................................... 221

Appendix 2 CITES Appendices Annotation...................... 226

References................................................................................228

Sujets

• Botanique
• Life Sciences
• Sciences et techniques
• Macroscopic scale
• Taxonomy
• Sciences de la vie
• Science
• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: EDP Sciences
• Date de parution: 07 juillet 2023
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9782759832033
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 182 Mo

Extrait

Macroscopic Identiîcation Atlas of Endangered Woods Commonin Trade YIN Yafang JIAO Lichao Editors HE Tuo JIANG Xiaomei

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Macroscopic Identiîcation Atlas of Endangered Woods Common in Trade

Editors YIN Yafang JIAO Lichao HE Tuo JIANG Xiaomei

Abstract

 TheMacroscopic Identiîcation Atlas of Endangered Woods Common in Tradewas edited by the Wildlife Conservation Department of China National Forestry and Grassland Adminis- tration (NFGA), the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) Management Authority of China and the Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, with the support of the International Association of Wood Anat- omists (IAWA) and the Research Group 5.16.00 of the International Union of Forest Research Organization (IUFRO).  In the atlas, a total of twenty-six tree species listed in the CITES Appendices, were included. The taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphological characteristics of trees, wood description, identification characteristics of wood, type of wood products, and conservation class of each species is reviewed. Moreover, key identiîcation features, in comparison with the similar (easy to be confused or look-alike) species, are indicated with images of solid wood and at low magniîcation under the stereomicroscope.  The atlas is portable and suitable for on-site inspection and law enforcement training. It will provide an important reference for law enforcement and customs of China, and strengthen management of imports and exports of endangered tree species. Meanwhile, the atlas will assist the popularization of wood science for the public.

Similar woods

Published by Science Press, EDP Sciences

This book is published under Open Access Creative Commons License CC- BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) allowing non-commercial use, distribution, reproduction of the text, via any medium, provided the source is cited.

Science Press: ISBN(print) 978-7-03-070590-7 EDP Sciences: ISBN(ebook) 978-2-7598-3203-3

Copyright © Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2023 This book is an open access publication.

Contributors

Organizers

The Wildlife Conservation Department of China National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) The CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) Management Authority of China The Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry The International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) The Research Group 5.16.00 of the International Union of Forest Research Organization (IUFRO)

Editors

YIN Yafang, JIAO Lichao, HE Tuo, JIANG Xiaomei

Writers

YUAN Liangchen, ZENG Yan, GUO Juan, WANG Jie, LU Yang, LI Ren, ZHANG Yonggang, LU Zhaoli, MA Lingyu, GUO Yu, HUANG Xiaozhen, JIN Ao, GUO Lin, LI Kaifan, CHEN Jiabao, LIU Shoujia, CHEN Zhihui, WANG Jiajun, CHEN Hong, CHEN Jianquan, MENG Qiulu, YIN Lijuan

Preface

China is an important destination and consumer market for timber shipments from all over the world. These timber imports and re-exports involve many of the tree species that are listed in the Appendices in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). At present, CITES is an incomparable international regulatory tool, by means of which enforcement ofîcers can play a key role in combatting illegal logging and its related trade. So far, more than 520 tree species have been listed in the CITES Appendices. Being a contracting party of CITES, the Chinese government has always placed emphasis on the conservation and sustainable use of timber resources by strictly implementing the convention and by improving the law enforcement for cracking down on illegal trade and trafîcking. The rapid increase in the number of tree species listed in the CITES Appendices for control pose a formidable challenge to the implementation of the convention, since it requires an identification of timber that are subject to international trade. It is well known that an identiîcation of a timber can be very difîcult and far more complex than that of other plants, since trade seldom occurs that involves all the examples of a particular species, complete with the

anatomical features that can be used to identify that particular species, e.g.,

i

i

i

leaves, owers and fruit. With a keen understanding of this problem, the CITES Management Authority of China has prepared this identification atlas in cooperation with the Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, together with the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) and the Research Group 5.16.00 of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). The atlas includes twenty-six endangered tree species that are common in international trade, twenty-four of which are listed in CITES Appendix Ⅱ , with the remaining two species being listed in the Appendix Ⅲ . Each species is described in concise words, accompanied by sample photos that show the taxonomy, geographic distribution, characteristic

morphology of tree and wood, wood products, and conservation class along with key macroscopic anatomical traits. This atlas is a useful tool for the stakeholders that are involved in implementing the convention, when it comes to law enforcement, customs ofîcers and inspectors. It can serve as material for raising public awareness and knowledge dissemination of this important issue. We hope that this atlas will play an active and important role in promoting the resources protection and sustainable use of tree species. Parts of photographs in the atlas taken in the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), Forest Service (FS), USDA, the Singapore Botanic Gardens and the Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry are gratefully acknowledged.

Editors 28 December, 2021

Contents

Preface Overview...................................................................................... 1

Instructions.................................................................................. 8 General Knowledge of Wood Identiîcation............................ 10

Pinus koraiensis ...................................................................... 30

Pinus armandii..................................................................... 32 Pinus sylvestris..................................................................... 33 Pinus sylvestrisvar.mongolica............................................ 34 Pinus tabuliformis................................................................. 35

Taxus chinensis ....................................................................... 36

Cephalotaxus fortunei38........................................................... Cupressus funebris3.9...............................................................

Pseudotaxus chienii.............................................................. 40 Torreya grandis..................................................................... 41

Aquilaria sinensis ................................................................... 42

Chamaecyparis formosensis................................................. 46 Cocos nucifera...................................................................... 47 Gonystylus bancanus............................................................ 48

iii

i

v

Memecylon ligustrifolium..................................................... 49 Strychnos ovata05.....................................................................

Bulnesia sarmientoi .........................................1....5...................

Chlorocardium rodiei........................................................... 54 Guaiacum ofîcinale.............................................................. 55

Guaiacum sanctum............................................................... 56 Handroanthus serratifolius................................................... 57

Cedrela odorata ....................................................................... 58

Carapa guianensis................................................................ 61 Guarea laurentii.................................................................... 62 Khaya anthotheca................................................................. 63 Swietenia macrophylla.......................................................... 64

Dalbergia cochinchinensis .................................................... 65

Dalbergia latifolia................................................................ 69 Dalbergia oliveri................................................................... 70 Dalbergia retusa................................................................... 71 Platymiscium pinnatum........................................................ 72 Swartzia benthamiana.......................................................... 73

Dalbergia granadillo .............................................................. 74

Dalbergia congestiLora........................................................ 77 Dalbergia stevensonii........................................................... 78 Machaerium scleroxylon....................................................... 79 Platymiscium pinnatum........................................................ 80

Dalbergia latifolia ................................................................... 81

Dalbergia cochinchinensis................................................... 84 Dalbergia granadillo............................................................ 85 Dalbergia retusa................................................................... 86