Everything Equals Nothing

Michel Hughes James

Description

George Gamow, the famous cosmologist and nuclear physicist, conjectured that the Universe may be rotating and this may be the cause of galaxy rotation.The author models a complex rotational configuration for the Universe demonstrating that such a spin configuration would have impacted directly on how the Universe developed and behaved.From first principles and using basic concepts in school physics, a young spinning ellipsoidal Universe is modelled to determine possible behavioural characteristics. This demonstrates that a spinning Universe could, indeed, not only offer a perfect explanation for the formation of spinning galaxies, but also for the separation of matter and antimatter in the aftermath of the Big Bang. An examination of some circumstantial scientific information offers supporting evidence for an hypothesis that the Universe has indeed complex spin characteristics.This book contains a very mechanical perspective. It is primarily intended for a young student audience interested in science, such as school or college going, aspiring young scientists. Adults may also be intrigued by the simple perspectives portrayed of the Universe.Readers are re-introduced to rudimentary concepts in physics in an easily readable manner. Many illustrations are used in the explanation of concepts. From a simple conjecture that the Universe was ellipsoidal and spinning, a fascinating picture is developed of such a Universe. A wide variety of basic concepts and principles from mathematics and physics are drawn upon to develop the conjectured behaviour of a Universe containing both matter and antimatter, and the possible consequences. The author is a Cambridge alumnus, and is a Chartered Engineer, and has worked for many years as a practising mechanical engineer.

Sujets

• Sciences et techniques
• Physics
• Mathematics

Informations

• Publié par: eBook Versions
• Date de parution: 21 novembre 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9781843964889
• Langue: English

Extrait

Published by
Daupleix Whitsitt Publishing
39 Moyle Avenue
Ballycastle BT54 6NX

Copyright © 2017 James Michel Hughes
All rights reserved

James Michel Hughes has asserted his
right under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the
author of this work

ISBN 978-1-84396-488-9

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EVERYTHING
EQUALS NOTHING:

The Universe for
young scientists, mathematicians
and philosophers

James Michel Hughes



Daupleix Whitsitt Publishing
Contents


Cover
Copyright Credits
About this book

Title Page
Preface
List of author s illustrations

PART ONE: A VIRTUAL REALITY UNIVERSE

1. INTRODUCTION TO ELLIPSES AND ELLIPSOIDS
2. IDEAS AND VIRTUAL REALITY

PART TWO: THE UNREAL REAL UNIVERSE

3. SPINNING AN EASTER EGG
4. CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
5. VECTORS
6. MATTER
7. ANTIMATTER
8. SEPARATION OF MATTER AND ANTIMATTER
9. PERSPECTIVES ON RELATIVITY
10. INFLATION AND GALAXY FORMATION
11. WAVES
12. DOPPLER EFFECT
13. ROTATING BODIES
14. SUMMARY

References
Acknowledgements
About this book


George Gamow, the famous cosmologist and nuclear physicist, conjectured that the Universe may be rotating and this may be the cause of galaxy rotation.

The author models a complex rotational configuration for the Universe demonstrating that such a spin configuration would have impacted directly on how the Universe developed and behaved.

From first principles and using basic concepts in school physics, a young spinning ellipsoidal Universe is modelled to determine possible behavioural characteristics. This demonstrates that a spinning Universe could, indeed, not only offer a perfect explanation for the formation of spinning galaxies, but also for the separation of matter and antimatter in the aftermath of the Big Bang. An examination of some circumstantial scientific information offers supporting evidence for a hypothesis that the Universe has indeed complex spin characteristics.

An ultra-dense young Universe appears to have behaved like a single mechanical body , and may have had little quantum mechanical finesse. What a surprise! Could it be our Universe underwent a behavioural transformation? Could it be that our Universe may have had a childhood and then blossomed into something else?

This book contains a very mechanical perspective. It is primarily intended for a young student audience interested in science, such as school or college going, aspiring young scientists. Adults may also be intrigued by the simple perspectives portrayed of the Universe.

Readers are re-introduced to rudimentary concepts in physics in an easily readable manner. Many illustrations are used in the explanation of concepts. From a simple conjecture that the Universe was ellipsoidal and spinning, a fascinating picture is developed of such a Universe. A wide variety of basic concepts and principles from mathematics and physics are drawn upon to develop the conjectured behaviour of a Universe containing both matter and antimatter, and the possible consequences.

The author is a Cambridge alumnus, and is a Chartered Engineer, and has worked for many years as a practising mechanical engineer.
Preface


This book is intended for a completely different readership and has a much more easily understood, and a more philosophical, approach than that contained in my book The Universe Is A Machine which has much more complex content and was intended for specialist scientists and engineers interested in cosmology.

This book is intended for aspiring young mathematicians, scientists and engineers, and also adults, who are curious about the Universe and who have had some academic exposure to science, mathematics or philosophy at secondary school or college level. Some may already be familiar with some of the physics concepts which are touched upon, and these concepts are used to explain solutions to various mechanical phenomena.

Even today there are many unresolved problems in the science of physics, which will require aspiring young physicists, engineers and mathematicians for their resolution in the future. Often in physics when a new avenue is opened up or a new discovery is made one problem is solved but there are then also many other new questions raised by such discoveries. Today there are more scientists, mathematicians and engineers in the world than there were at any other time in history and the frontiers of scientific knowledge are constantly advancing.

The entire book is premised on there being a rotational universe, and circumstantial evidence is offered for this premise. A young dense Universe is modelled to determine its likely behaviour and this leads to some surprising results. A modelling of a young spinning Universe results in a conclusion that mechanical spin processes offer explanations for aspects of the early evolution of the Universe.

The first part of the book opens with a mathematical, philosophical fantasia of how it may be possible to create something, literally, out of nothing. Something created out of nothing could, ultimately, be a sophisticated form of virtual reality. However, the creation of something from nothing still requires an initial concept or idea by its creator. Something can become a reality with the provision of information. There are some scientists who claim that information can degrade to become energy.

The chapters in the second part of the book explore some basic concepts, from physics and engineering, to model a spinning Universe and offer explanations for phenomena which occurred in the aftermath of the Big Bang. Many of these concepts may already have been touched upon in science and mathematics school and college classes, in varying degrees of detail.

The book then finishes by demonstrating how data images obtained from satellite surveys can be interpreted as circumstantial evidence that the Universe was spinning. And the corollary is that matter and antimatter were physically separated in a spinning Universe in the aftermath of the Big Bang; an event in history which we now understand or consider to be the beginning of Space Time and the Universe.

The explanations outlined here do not consider detailed relativistic effects which would have to be considered in a much more detailed development of the subject matter but this does not detract from the conceptual vision outlined here. Some insights into aspects of relativity are, however, outlined. It should be stressed that the mechanical behaviour of the early Universe is only one aspect of the entire picture, and that there were many other interrelated factors at work, such as thermodynamics, nuclear fusion and magneto-hydrodynamics etc. But it appears that the mechanical aspect may have had a disproportionate primary influence in the early history of the Universe, and it may have interacted with other factors. The focus, here, is also on the very early Universe to explain orderly attributes that still seem to exist, despite the tendency for greater chaos from things such as supernovas, where matter is constantly being redistributed within the Universe.

The conventional idea of the Big Bang is that of an explosion resulting from a thing called a singularity, where matter (and antimatter) under intense pressure and temperature explodes out from a single point. This explosion would give rise to an enormous expansion called Inflation. However, this might not be the only way that Inflation could occur. A small time bubble which contained matter and that was spinning at extreme speeds would also tend to expand outwards. In order for a body to rotate it, somehow, must first acquire angular momentum. If we think of matter and antimatter pairs somehow being formed out of nothing in a tiny time bubble, the tendency would be for these pairs to bounce around the inside of the bubble rather than going out radially for ever. Each material item of the pair would have momentum but this momentum inside a small bubble would become angular momentum due to the constraint of being bounced around the inside of the bubble, rather than going radially outwards. For matter, such a generation of angular momentum is a change of angular momentum from nothing. There would be a corresponding negative change of angular momentum for antimatter. A change of angular momentum equates to torque and torque would generate spinning of the matter bubble. Antimatter would also tend to spin but it would tend to spin inwards rather than outwards. Matter and antimatter would tend to separate in such a material formation, as they have different material behavioural properties. And the more matter–antimatter pairs that were formed then the more angular momentum that would be generated, contributing further to the spinning of the bubble. However, this presupposes that material generation occurred with preferential directions in a nascent Universe. But an argument can be advanced for this possibility. And if this, indeed, was the case then there may be no need for all the matter and antimatter to be generated instantaneously.

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