Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice

Description

The substantial biological importance of gaseous mediators in various physiological-pathological conditions has been realized only recently, but to date, the detailed mechanisms involved remain elusive. The publication at hand contains 16 overviews written by a panel of experts who summarize the current knowledge and provide fundamental insights into the roles of gaseous molecules in signal transduction in biological systems. The first part provides a comprehensive overview on gaseous mediators in health and disease. In the second part, the medical application of various molecules such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, acetone and phytoncide are discussed. Furthermore, articles on skin gas biology and Carbon-13 (13C), especially clinical applications of 13C-labeled substrate are included. This book provides valuable information not only for basic researchers in physiology and biochemistry, but also for gastroenterologists and clinicians who wish to learn more about the role of gaseous mediators.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 01 février 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783805596657
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice
Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice
Editors
Toshikazu Yoshikawa Kyoto
Yuji Naito Kyoto
32 figures and 11 tables, 2011
_____________________ Toshikazu Yoshikawa Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
_____________________ Yuji Naito Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine 465 Kajiicho Hirokoji Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gas biology research in clinical practice / editors, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Yuji Naito.
p.; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-8055-9664-0 (hard cover: alk. paper) –– ISBN 978-3-8055-9665-7 (e-ISBN)
1. Blood gases. 2. Gases––Physiological effect. 3. Nitric oxide––Physiological effect. 4. Carbon monoxide––Physiological effect. 5. Hydrogen sulfide––Physiological effect. I. Yoshikawa, Toshikazu, 1947––editor. II. Naito, Yuji, editor.
[DNLM: 1. Gases––pharmacology. 2. Gases––diagnostic use. 3. Gases-metabolism. 4. Gases––therapeutic use. QV 310]
QP99.3.G3G375 2011
572'.54––dc22
2010048614
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2011 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Reinhardt Druck, Basel
ISBN 978-3-8055-9664-0
e-ISBN 978-3-8055-9665-7
Contents
Preface
Yoshikawa, T.; Naito, Y. (Kyoto)
General
Roles of Stress-Inducible Carbon Monoxide in the Regulation of Liver Function
Suematsu, M.; Kajimura, M.; Kabe, Y. (Tokyo)
Intraluminal Gas and Gastrointestinal Diseases
Urita, Y.; Watanabe, T.; Takemoto, I.; Sasaki, Y.; Maeda, T.; Matsumoto, M.; Honda, Y.; Shimada, N.; Nakajima, H.; Sugimoto, M. (Tokyo)
Therapeutic Medical Gas
Nakao, A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
Gas and Medical Application: I. CO
Analysis of Breath CO and Application to Hemodynamic Monitoring
Sawano, M. (Saitama)
CO and Its Application to Gastrointestinal Disease
Naito, Y.; Uchiyama, K.; Takagi, T.; Yoshikawa, T. (Kyoto)
Gas and Medical Application: II. NO
Clinical Application of Inhaled Nitric Oxide
Maruyama, K.; Zhang, E.; Maruyama, J. (Mie)
Inhaled Nitric Oxide and Clinical Application
Shime, N.; Inoue, M.; Hashimoto, S. (Kyoto)
Gas and Medical Application: III. H 2 S
Hydrogen Sulfide in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Friend or Foe?
Ock, C.Y.; Han, S.J.; Choi, K.-S.; Kim, E.-H.; Kim, J.H.; Hahm, K.-B. (Incheon)
Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Colitis
Takagi, T.; Naito, Y.; Hirata, I.; Yoshikawa, T. (Kyoto)
Stimulatory Action of Hydrogen Sulfide in Rat Duodenum
Takeuchi, K.; Ise, F.; Koyama, M.; Dogishi, K.; Yasuda, M.; Hayashi, S. (Kyoto)
Gas and Medical Application: IV. H 2
Hydrogen and Medical Application
Nakao, A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
Gas and Medical Application: V. 13 C
13 C-Breath Test for Studying Physiology and Pathophysiology by Using Experimental Animals
Uchida, M. (Kanagawa)
Carbon-13 and Its Clinical Application
Tando, Y.; Matsumoto, A.; Matsuhashi, Y.; Tanaka, H.; Yanagimachi, M.; Nakamura, T. (Aomori)
Gas and Medical Application: VI. Others
Acetone Response during Graded and Prolonged Exercise
Sasaki, H.; Ishikawa, S.; Ueda, H.; Kimura, Y. (Osaka)
Findings of Skin Gases and Their Possibilities in Healthcare Monitoring
Tsuda, T.; Ohkuwa, T.; Itoh, H. (Nagoya)
Phytoncide - Its Properties and Applications in Practical Use
Nomura, M. (Hiroshima)
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
Since 2004 we have held annually in Kyoto, Japan, a medical conference on heme oxygenase (HO), titled the ‘HO Research Forum’. To date, more than 80 papers have been presented at these conferences, and our knowledge of HO and carbon monoxide, one of the by-products by HO, has been greatly expanded. Recently, evidence has accumulated suggesting that carbon monoxide plays an important role in many physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, in the last decade there has been an extraordinarily rapid growth in our knowledge of gaseous molecules such as molecular oxygen, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide. These gaseous molecules have been shown to play important roles in signal transduction in biological systems.
This book is an attempt to highlight some of the impressive recent advances in gas biology. It was initiated by Dr. Hideo Ueda, but sadly illness prevented him from completing the project. As the subject matter of this book is of importance for most basic and clinical researchers involved in gas biology, we decided to take it on. We were fortunate to receive excellent manuscripts from authors in the field, and readers will find they contain many new insights into leading-edge research on gas biology.
We would like to thank the many authors and colleagues who have contributed to the success of this publication. Special thanks also go to Dr. Tomohisa Takagi for his assistance. Finally, we thank Karger Publishers for their cooperation and encouragement throughout the publication process.
Toshikazu Yoshikawa Yuji Naito
General
Yoshikawa T, Naito Y (eds): Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice. Basel, Karger, 2011, pp 1–5
______________________
Roles of Stress-Inducible Carbon Monoxide in the Regulation of Liver Function
Makoto Suematsu Mayumi Kajimura Yasuaki Kabe
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project, Tokyo, Japan
______________________
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous product generated by heme oxygenase (HO). As the liver is a gigantic resource of CO derived from heme degradation in vivo, constitutive and inducible CO has been suggested to regulate porto-sinusoidal vascular as well as biliary function. Previous studies revealed that CO generated by HO modulates function of different heme proteins or enzymes through binding to their prosthetic ferrous heme to regulate the biological function of the hepatobiliary systems; the proteins targeted by the gas involve soluble guanylate cyclase, cytochromes P450 and cystathionine β-synthase. Because of the heterogeneous distribution of these enzymes in the liver tissue, CO regulates liver functions through multiple mechanisms that protect the tissue against varied noxious stimuli. The current article overviews the intriguing regulatory mechanisms operated by CO and their medical implications.
Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
CO Derived from HO-1 in Macrophages
CO is a nonradical gaseous mediator generated by a mono-oxygenase reaction through heme oxygenase (HO). It was first shown in the early 1970s that both nonparenchymal cells and hepatocytes enable the degradation of heme to bile pigments. Kupffer cells play a role in the removal and degradation of senescent erythrocytes, while hepatocytes catabolize free heme derived from hemoglobin or cytochromes P450 [ 1 ]. Distribution of HO-1 and HO-2 in the liver was previously examined by our laboratory in rats and humans, indicating that the two isozymes have distinct topographic patterns: HO-1, the inducible form, is prominent in Kupffer cells, while the constitutive HO-2 is mostly abundant in hepatocytes [ 2 , 3 ]. Our studies using a specific monoclonal antibody against HO-1 that blocks the isozyme activity revealed that approximately 70% of the whole HO activity in this tissue is derived from HO-2 [ 3 ]; considering the percentage of the cell population of Kupffer cells in the liver, these cells possess huge amounts of HO activity as compared with hepatocytes.
Not only in the liver but also in other organs, resident macrophages constitute a major site of the HO-1 distribution. To better understand the tissue iron overload and anemia previously reported in a human patient and mice that lack HO-1, recent s