The American Optic charts new territory in the relationship of psychoanalysis to critical race studies. Focusing on the work of Richard Wright and Jacques Lacan, it explore the political and ethical implications of psychoanalysis for African American and other diasporic African cultural texts. Mikko Tuhkanen develops a theory of "racialization" that recasts the genealogy of the Western concept of racial difference as outlined by critical race theory, through the theory of the real, which Lacan developed in his later work. By engaging a wide array of resources—including the work of W. E. B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, and Frantz Fanon, as well as nineteenth-century slave narratives and studies of blackface minstrelsy—Tuhkanen not only illuminates the unexpectedly rich connections between Lacanian psychoanalysis and black literary and cultural studies, but also demonstrates the ways in which the artistic and political traditions of the African diaspora allow us to reinvent the Lacanian ethics of becoming. Acknowledgments
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he American Optic Psycoanalysis, Critical Race heory, and Ricard Wrigt
M I K K O T U H K A N E N
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he American Optic
SUNY P C
Henry Sussman,editor
he American Optic
Psycoanalysis, Critical Race heory, and Ricard Wrigt
M I K KO T U H K A N E N
S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W Y O R K P R E S S
No part of tis book may be used or reproduced in any manner watsoever witout written permission. No part of tis book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mecanical, potocopying, recording, or oterwise witout te prior permission in writing of te publiser.
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Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data
Tukanen, Mikko, 1967– he American optic : psycoanalysis, critical race teory, and Ricard Wrigt / Mikko Tukanen. p. cm.—(SUNY series in psycaonalysis and culture) Includes bibliograpical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4384-2763-8 (ardcover : alk. paper) 1. Racism—United States—History. 2. Race awareness—United States— History. 3. Psycoanalysis—United States. 4. Wrigt, Ricard, 1908–1960. I. Title. E185.6.T84 2009 308.800973—dc22 2008050715
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he wole American optic in terms of reality is based on te necessity of keeping black people out of it. We are nonexistent. Except according to teir terms, and teir terms are unacceptable. —James Baldwin in 1987
hus early I learned tat te point from wic a ting is viewed is of some importance. —Frederick Douglass in 1855