The Handy Psychology Answer Book

Lisa J. Cohen

Description

Bridges the gap between today's entertainment-focused “pop psychology” on television and the dry academic research that is published in journals. A primer on human behavior and psychology.

The Handy Psychology Answer Book helps answer why humans do what we do through accurate scientific data presented in a lively, accessible, and engaging way. It covers the fundamentals and explains the psychology behind how people deal with money, sex, morality, family, children, aging, addiction, work, and other everyday issues. It takes a journey through the history and science of psychology and showing how psychology affects us all.

Fully revised to reflect the latest scientific research—such as the current DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association); the latest neurobiological theories; and the changing face of marriage—this timely reference has expanded to include information sections on the biology and evolution of emotions; technology and adolescence; bisexuality; optimism; autism; as well as a full section on the law, eyewitness testimony and police shootings.

Featuring more than 1,500 answers to questions concerning how the human mind and the science of psychology really work, this fascinating guide delivers the real facts of modern psychology, along with fun factoids and thought-provoking insights into what motivates human behavior. This intriguing exploration provides insights into the current science of the mind by answering questions such as:

How have other cultures addressed psychological issues?

Why was Freud so focused on sex?

How do twin studies help illuminate the role of genetics?

How can I maintain a healthy brain?

Why do some people hear voices that aren’t really there?

Why do children see monsters in the closet at night?

How have recent changes in technology affected adolescent development?

Why does time seem to speed up as we age?

Is it normal to argue during marriage?

Does religion make people happier?

How do we reduce social prejudice?

How has morality changed over the course of history?

What are the personality traits of people who succeed in their professions?

Why do so many politicians get trapped in scandals?

Does genetics play a role in voting behavior?

Which therapies are best for which kinds of problems?

How might the stress of police work affect decision-making in high stress situations?

The Handy Psychology Answer Book also includes a helpful glossary of terms, complete reference sources for topics discussed, and an index. With a wide range of information suitable for everyone, this is the ideal source for anyone looking to get a better understanding of psychology. It provides clear answers on the history, basic science and latest research, and psychology behind everyday situations and at different stages in life.

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique
• Reference
• Carl Jung
• Psychology
• Margaret Mahler
• Erik Erikson
• Carl Gustav Jung
• Sigmund Freud

Informations

• Publié par: Visible Ink Press
• Date de parution: 22 février 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781578595983
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 65 Mo

Extrait

Dr. Lisa J. Cohen is a licensed clinical psychologist who works as a teacher, scientist, and clinician. She
is Professor of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Beth Israel in New York
City, where she also serves as Director of Research for Psychology and Psychiatry. Dr. Cohen teaches
topics in clinical psychology to graduate and undergraduate students in psychology and to psychiatric
residents. Her scientific research has covered a number of domains, including obsessive compulsive
disorder, child trauma, personality pathology, psychological testing, opiate addiction, bipolar disorder,
and schizophrenia. She has authored or co-authored over ninety articles in professional journals and
fifteen book chapters. In her private practice, she provides psychotherapy to individuals and couples,
combining psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral techniques. She also works as a supervising
psychologist on an inpatient psychiatric unit, where she oversees the provision of group therapy and
psychological testing to psychiatric patients with serious mental illness such as schizophrenia and
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by Kevin S. HilePlease visit the “Handy” series website at www.handyanswers.com.Copyright © 2016 by Visible Ink Press®
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair
competition, and other applicable laws.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who
wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or website.
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Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile
Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
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Proofreaders: Larry Baker and Shoshana Hurwitz
Indexer: Larry Baker
Cover images: Image of Sigmund Freud: Max Halberstadt; all other images, Shutterstock.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Cohen, Lisa J., author.
Title: The handy psychology answer book / Lisa J. Cohen.
Description: 2nd Edition. | Detroit, MI : Visible Ink Press, 2016. | Series: The handy answer book series | Revised edition of the
author’s The handy psychology answer book, 2011.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015039606| ISBN 9781578595082 (paperback) | ISBN 9781578595990 (epub) | ISBN 9781578595983 (updf)
Subjects: LCSH: Psychology—Popular works. | BISAC: PSYCHOLOGY / Reference.
Classification: LCC BF145 .C59 2016 | DDC 150—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039606
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PHOTO SOURCES
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY
The Basics
Psychology Before Psychology
Psychology in Other Cultures
History and Pioneers
Sigmund Freud
John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
MAJOR MOVEMENTS IN PSYCHOLOGY
Behaviorism
Gestalt Psychology
Psychoanalytic Theory
Jungian Analytical Psychology
Humanistic Theories
Attachment Theory
Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology
Neurobiological Theories
Cognitive Science
Psychology as a Science
Psychological Tests
Intelligence Testing
THE BRAIN: ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTBasic Concepts in Neuroscience
The Major Structures of the Brain
Brain Development
Neurotransmitters and Other Brain Chemicals
Impact of Environment on the Brain
FROM BRAIN TO MIND
The Brain as Mapmaker
Sensation and Perception
Motor Behavior and Intentional Action
Cognition and Behavioral Control
Emotions
Emotion and the Limbic System
Frontal Control of the Limbic System
Emotions in Mammals
Charles Darwin’s Study of Emotional Expressions
Jaak Panksepp and Seven Basic Emotional Systems
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Margaret Mahler
Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
The Role of Culture
Infancy
Toddler Years
Preschool Years (3-5)
School Age Children (6-11)
Adolescence (12-18)
Early Adulthood (19-40)
Middle Adulthood (40-60)
Later Adulthood (60 and Older)
The End of Life: Death and Dying
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EVERYDAY LIFE: LOVE, MARRIAGE, BABY
CARRIAGE
Love
Marriage
The Changing Face of Marriage
Pregnancy
Parenting: Becoming a ParentParenting: The Work of Raising a Child
Family Structure
Family Dynamics
Divorce
Sexuality
Sexual Orientation
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EVERYDAY LIFE: MOTIVATION AND THE SEARCH
FOR HAPPINESS
The Psychology of Happiness
Positive Psychology
Optimism
Happiness across Cultures
The Psychology of Money
The Biology of Money
GROUP DYNAMICS AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE
Group Dynamics
Prejudice and Racism
Morality
Psychology in the Workplace
Psychology in the Public Sphere
Voting Behavior
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS
Definitions and Classifications
Major Mental Illnesses
Disorders of Personality
Substance Abuse
Psychotherapy
Psychopharmacology
Popular Psychology
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TRAUMA
The Psychological Impact of Trauma
Child Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Domestic Violence
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY
The Psychology of Criminal Behavior
Causes of Antisocial TraitsSpecific Forms of Crimes
Mental Illness and the Law
Cognition and the Law

FURTHER READINGThis second edition of The Handy Psychology Answer Book rests on the shoulders of the first edition.
Therefore, I’d like to repeat my acknowledgments of those who contributed to the original work. Many
thanks are due to Drs. Igor Galynker, Nancy Maruyama, and the Division of Biological Psychiatry for
their continual and extremely helpful feedback on various chapters. Thanks to Drs. Ramin Mojtabai,
Alessandra Strada, and Ed D’Angelo for their comments on the accuracy or lack thereof of sections on
neurobiology, humanistic psychology, and classical thought. I would also like to acknowledge Vanessa
and David Evans, Alex and Josh Cohen, David, Marina, and Arielle Vergara, Julie Cohen Evans, Katia
Segre Cohen, and Sylvia Cohen for their insights into adolescent slang past and present and into the
mysterious world of children’s thought. Thanks, as well, to Dennis Mack for creative ideas as well as
legal advice.
For the second edition, thanks are again owed to the Vergara family for keeping me up to date on
the ever-changing intricacies of social media. To Roger Jänecke and Kevin Hile—neither book would
exist if it weren’t for you. And also to my students and my patients for showing me a wealth of
knowledge that could never be found in books alone. Finally, to Ed for tolerating with such good grace
my many, many hours absorbed at the computer.British government: p. 386.
Dr. Lisa Cohen: pp. 13, 69, 113.
Didius (Wikipedia): p. 52.
F.RdeC (Wikipedia): p. 370.
Federal Bureau of Investigation: pp. 464, 479.
Albert Greiner: p. 45.
Kevin Hile: pp. 41, 51, 85, 430.
Houghton Library, Harvard University: p. 17 (top).
Roger Jänecke: p. 182.
Alan Light: p. 433.
National Portrait Gallery: p. 11.
Bengt Oberger: p. 127.
OpenStax College: p. 140.
Ortsmuseum Zollikon: p. 47.
Shutterstock: pp. 35, 48, 54, 57, 60 64, 67, 71, 73, 75, 77, 92, 94, 100, 105, 106, 107, 116, 120, 123,
135, 137, 141, 154, 159, 165, 171, 177, 179, 180, 191, 193, 197, 201, 203, 207, 210, 216, 231, 246