In the Shadow of Policy

Yves Leynseele, Wim Averbeke, Harriët Tienstra, Limpho Taoana, Dik Roth, Robert Ross, Malebogo Phetlhu, Modise Moseki, Francois Marais, Zamile Madyibi, Karin Kleinbooi, Rosalie Kingwill, Petunia Khutswane, Klara Jacobson, Derick Fay, Ntombekhaya Faku, Jonathan Denison, Henning Klerk, Ben Cousins, Paul Hebinck

Description

Notions of land and agrarian reform are now well entrenched in post-apartheid South Africa. But what this reform actually means for everyday life is not clearly understood, nor the way it will impact on the political economy. In the Shadow of Policy explores the interface between the policy of land and agrarian reform and its implementation; and between the decisions of policy ‘experts’ and actual livelihood experiences in the fields and homesteads of land reform projects.

Starting with an overview of the socio-historical context in which land and agrarian reform policy has evolved in South Africa, the volume presents empirical case studies of land reform projects in the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces. These draw on multiple voices from various sectors and provide a rich source of material and critical reflections to inform future policy and research agendas.

In the Shadow of Policy will be a key reference tool for those working in the area of development studies and land policy, and for civil society groups and NGOs involved in land restitution.



Part One: Setting the Scene Land and Agrarian Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa

Chapter 1 Post-apartheid land and agrarian reform policy and practices in South Africa: themes, processes and issues - Paul Hebinck

Chapter 2 Land and agrarian reform policies from a historical perspective - Paul Hebinck

Chapter 3 Land reform and agriculture uncoupled: the political economy of rural reform in post-apartheid South Africa - Ben Cousins

Part Two: 'Mind the Gap': Discrepancies between Policies and Practices in South African Land Reform

Chapter 4 Consultants, business plans and land reform practices - Francois Marais

Chapter 5 ‘Seeing like a land reform agency’: cultural politics and the contestation of community farming at Makhoba - Yves van Leynseele

Chapter 6 Land reform and newly emerging social relations on Gallawater A farm - Modise Moseki

Chapter 7 Property rights and land reform in the Western Cape - Harriët Tienstra and Dik Roth

Chapter 8 ‘Rent a crowd’ land reform at Survive and Dikgoho land reform projects - Limpho Taoana

Chapter 9 Locating policies in the daily practices of land reform beneficiaries: the Mighty and Wales land reform farms - Malebogo Phetlhu

Chapter 10 Where are the youth in land reform? The Vuki case - Petunia Khutswane

Chapter 11 Land compensation in the upper Kat River valley - Robert Ross

Chapter 12 In the shadows of the cadastre: family law and custom in Rabula and Fingo Village - Rosalie Kingwill

Chapter 13 Land reform, tradition and securing land for women in Namaqualand - Karin Kleinbooi

Part Three: Competing Knowledge Regimes in Communal Area Agriculture

Chapter 14 What constitutes ‘the agrarian’ in contemporary rural African settlements of the central Eastern Cape? - Paul Hebinck and Wim van Averbeke

Chapter 15 The Massive Food Production Programme: a case study of agricultural policy continuities and changes - Klara Jacobson

Chapter 16 The Massive Food Production Programme: does it work? - Zamile Madyibi

Chapter 17 ‘Still feeding ourselves’: everyday practices of the Siyazondla Homestead Food Production Programme in Mbhashe - Henning de Klerk

Chapter 18 Cultivators in action, Siyazondla in action? Trends and potentials in homestead cultivation - Derick Fay

Chapter 19 Smallholder irrigation schemes as an agrarian development option for the Cape region - Wim van Averbeke and Jonathan Denison

Chapter 20 Cattle and rural development in the Eastern Cape: the Nguni project revisited - Ntombekhaya Faku and Paul Hebinck

About the authors

Index

Sujets

• Agronomie
• Agronomy for Sustainable Development
• Agriculture
• Development
• Engineering
• Technology
• Economic growth
• Sustainable agriculture
• Development studies
• Sciences et techniques
• Economic Development

Informations

• Publié par: WITS University Press
• Date de parution: 01 octobre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781776142941
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

IN THE
SHADOW
OF POLICY
IN THE
SHADOW
OF POLICY
EVERYDAY PRACTICES IN SOUTH AFRICAN LAND AND AGRARIAN REFORM
EDITED BY
Paul Hebinck & Ben Cousins
Wits University Press
1 Jan Smuts Avenue
Johannesburg
South Africa
www.witspress.co.za
Published edition copyright © Wits University Press 2013
Compilation copyright © Edition editors 2013
Chapter copyright © Individual contributors 2013
First published 2013
ISBN 978-1-77614-294-1 (EPUB)
ISBN 978-1-77614-295-8 (MOBI)
ISBN 978-1-86814-745-8 (print)
ISBN 978-1-86814-746-5 (digital)
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act, Act 98 of 1978.
Project managed by Inga Norenius
Edited by Inga Norenius
Proofread by Lisa Compton
Index by Tina Mössmer
Cover design by Peter Bosman
Layout and DTP artwork by Robin Yule
Printed and bound by Creda Communications
Contents
Tables and figures
Acknowledgements
Acronyms and abbreviations
Map of the Cape provinces showing the location of the case studies
Part 1 Setting the scene: land and agrarian reform in post-apartheid South Africa
1 Post-apartheid land and agrarian reform policy and practices in South Africa: themes, processes and issues
Paul Hebinck
2 Land and agrarian reform policies from a historical perspective
Paul Hebinck
3 Land reform and agriculture uncoupled: the political economy of rural reform in post-apartheid South Africa
Ben Cousins
Part 2 ‘Mind the gap’: discrepancies between policies and practices in South African land reform
4 Consultants, business plans and land reform practices
Francois Marais
5 ‘Seeing like a land reform agency’: cultural politics and the contestation of community farming at Makhoba
Yves van Leynseele
6 Land reform and newly emerging social relations on Gallawater A farm
Modise Moseki
7 Property rights and land reform in the Western Cape
Harriët Tienstra and Dik Roth
8 ‘Rent a crowd’ land reform at Survive and Dikgoho land reform projects
Limpho Taoana
9 Locating policies in the daily practices of land reform beneficiaries: the Mighty and Wales land reform farms
Malebogo Phetlhu
10 Where are the youth in land reform? The Vuki case
Petunia Khutswane
11 Land compensation in the upper Kat River valley
Robert Ross
12 In the shadows of the cadastre: family law and custom in Rabula and Fingo Village
Rosalie Kingwill
13 Land reform, tradition and securing land for women in Namaqualand
Karin Kleinbooi
Part 3 Competing knowledge regimes in communal area agriculture
14 What constitutes ‘the agrarian’ in rural Eastern Cape African settlements?
Paul Hebinck and Wim van Averbeke
15 The Massive Food Production Programme: a case study of agricultural policy continuities and changes
Klara Jacobson
16 The Massive Food Production Programme: does it work ?
Zamile Madyibi
17 ‘Still feeding ourselves’: everyday practices of the Siyazondla Homestead Food Production Programme
Henning de Klerk
18 Cultivators in action, Siyazondla inaction? Trends and potentials in homestead cultivation
Derick Fay
19 Smallholder irrigation schemes as an agrarian development option for the Cape region
Wim van Averbeke and Jonathan Denison
20 Cattle and rural development in the Eastern Cape: the Nguni project revisited
Ntombekhaya Faku and Paul Hebinck
About the authors
Index
Tables and figures
Table 8.1 Survive land reform beneficiaries
Table 14.1 Relative contribution of various sources of income to total income and number of homesteads deriving income from these sources, Guquka and Koloni, 1996 and 2010
Table 14.2 Participation rates (%) of homesteads in various agrarian activities through material benefits derived from these activities, Guquka and Koloni, 1996 and 2010
Table 14.3 Livestock numbers and ownership (%), Guquka and Koloni, 1996 and 2010
Table 16.1 Production trends (maize) of the Majali project
Table 16.2 Production trends (maize) of the Ngxakaxha project
Table 16.3 Production trends of the Ndakana farm project
Table 16.4 Simplified cost-benefit assessment of the MFPP for a five-year period
Table 18.1 Income sources in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.2 Field and garden cultivation in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.3 Reasons reported for disused land in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.4 Crops and cultivation in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.5 Tree crops in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009 (%)
Table 18.6 Agricultural work parties in Hobeni, 1998 and 2009
Table 19.1 Typology of South African smallholder irrigation schemes
Table 19.2 Functional subdivision of Ncora irrigation scheme
Figure 3.1 Land reform policy stances in South Africa
Figure 14.1 Livestock numbers in Koloni, 1938–2010
Figure 14.2 Proportion (%) of total number of arable allotments cropped, Guquka and Koloni, 1996–2010
Figure 17.1 The budget for Siyazondla HFPP in Mbhashe, 2004–2011 (R)
Acknowledgements
In the Shadow of Policy is the outcome of a collaborative project called CAPRI (Cape Rural Innovation Project) that was implemented between 2008 and 2012. The project brought together different institutions to discuss and study rural development and to reflect on the role of rural extension in social and economic transformation in post-apartheid South Africa. The focus of the project was on the Cape provinces, Northern, Eastern and Western, and on initiating collaboration between the provincial departments of agriculture and Wageningen University in the Netherlands. The project was initiated by the three departments of agriculture (DOAs). Over time, the project expanded to include collaborators from the University of the Western Cape and Rhodes University. The project was funded by a grant from NUFFIC (Netherlands University Foundation for International Cooperation) which operates under the mandate of the Ministry of Foreign Aid. NUFFIC administers a capacity-building programme (NICHE) from which the CAPRI project received funding.
CAPRI funded the Master’s studies at Wageningen University of nine members of staff of the collaborating DOAs. Two PhD students are currently finishing their theses. Another part of the CAPRI project was to engage with rural extension and its frontline workers. Together with the collaborating DOAs, a rural extension training programme was designed and implemented (‘The Big Five’), training over 1 000 extension officers at diploma level, updating their skills and exploring new forms of rural innovation in South Africa. The core of this book consists of the Master’s and PhD theses of the CAPRI-funded graduates. Additional authors have contributed chapters on topics not covered.
The book could not have been written without the financial support CAPRI received from NUFFIC. Many others need to be mentioned for their valuable role in CAPRI: Marius Paulse, Ruud Ludeman, Nomakhaya Stemele, Joyene Isaacs, Patience Tamba, Gertrude Gayiya and Waldo Weimers. Carin Vijhuizen at NUFFIC needs specific mentioning, as she championed the compilation of this book.
It is equally important to acknowledge Michael Wessels for his enduring support and patience in assisting most of the authors to write their chapters, commenting on style and argumentation, and correcting spelling.
The book was reviewed by two anonymous reviewers whose reflections on the book as a whole and critical comments on individual chapters were most helpful. In addition, Marc Wegerif, Alberto Arce and Jan Douwe van der Ploeg commented on earlier draft versions of various key chapters of the book. Their comments and suggestions have improved the book considerably.
The support and advice rendered by Roshan Cader, commissioning editor for the Wits University Press, has been extremely important. She successfully guided the book through its process from manuscript submission and reviewing, rewriting and final production of the published product.
Acronyms and abbreviations ABET Adult Basic Education and Training Agri-BEE agricultural sector code for black economic empowerment ANC African National Congress ARC Agricultural Research Council BEE Black Economic Empowerment CASP Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme CLRA Communal Land Rights Act CPA Communal Property Association CRDP Comprehensive Rural Development Programme CSG Child Support Grant DBSA Development Bank of Southern Africa DLA Department of Land Affairs DOA Department of Agriculture DRDLR Department of Rural Development and Land Reform ECRLCC Eastern Cape Regional Land Claims Commission EDD Economic Development Department EO extension officer FWES Farmer Worker Equity Share GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution programme GM genetically modified HFPP Homestead Food Production Programme LRAD Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme LRC Legal Resources Centre MAFISA Micro-agricultural Financial Institutional Scheme of South Africa MFPP Massive Food Production Programme MLAR market-led agrarian reform model MST Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra NAFU National African Farmers Union NCP Northern Cape province NDA National Department of Agriculture NGO non-governmental organisation NPC National Planning Commission PDA Provincial Department of Agriculture PGDP Provincial Growth and Development Plan PLAS proactive land acquisition strategy PTO Permission to Occupy RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SLAG Settlement/Land Acquisition Grant SSDP Settlement Support and Development Planning TRANCRAA Transformation of Certain Rural Areas Act VIS Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme VOC Dutch East India Company WCDOA Western Cape Department of Agriculture ZRA Zweledinga Residents’ Association
Map of the Cape provinces, showing the location of the case studies