The Certified Quality Technician Handbook

Ahmad K. Elshennawy, Donald W. Benbow, H. Fred Walker

Description

The quality technician is a person responsible for understanding and utilizing quality concepts and tools, statistical techniques, metrology and calibration procedures and protocols, inspection and test techniques, quality auditing, and preventive and corrective action in the context of product/process/service improvement or in correcting problems. Quality technicians frequently work in the quality function of organizations in the various measurement and inspection laboratories, as well as on the shop floor supporting and interacting with quality engineers, mechanical inspectors, and production/service delivery personnel.
This book supports individuals preparing for, or those already performing, this type of work. It is intended to serve as a ready reference for quality technicians and quality technicians-in-training, as well as a comprehensive reference for those individuals preparing to take the ASQ Certified Quality Technician (CQT) examination. Examples and problems used throughout the handbook are thoroughly explained, are algebra-based, and are drawn from real world” situations encountered in the quality profession.
To assist readers in using the book as a ready reference or as a study aid, the book has been organized so as to conform closely to the 2018 CQT Body of Knowledge (BoK).

Sujets

• Business
• Qualité, hygiène, sécurité, environnement
• Techniques
• Automatisation et Contrôle
• Contrôle des processus
• Automatisation
• Automate
• CQT
• ASQ
• Engineering
• Technology
• Sciences et techniques
• Quality Control

Informations

• Publié par: ASQ Quality Press
• Date de parution: 29 novembre 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781951058807
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The Certified Quality Technician Handbook
Third Edition
H. Fred Walker, Donald W. Benbow, and Ahmad K. Elshennawy
ASQ Quality Press Milwaukee, Wisconsin


Also available from ASQ Quality Press:
The Certified Quality Inspector Handbook, Third Edition H. Fred Walker, Ahmad K. Elshennawy, Bhisham C. Gupta, and Mary McShane-Vaughn
The Certified Quality Engineer Handbook, Fourth Edition Sarah E. Burke and Rachel T. Silvestrini
The Certified Reliability Engineer Handbook, Third Edition Mark Allen Durivage
The ASQ CQE Study Guide Connie M. Borror and Sarah E. Burke
The Certified Manager of Quality/Organizational Excellence Handbook, Fourth Edition Russell T. Westcott, editor
The Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Handbook, Third Edition T.M. Kubiak and Donald W. Benbow
The Certified Six Sigma Yellow Belt Handbook Govindarajan Ramu
The Certified Six Sigma Green Belt Handbook, Second Edition Roderick A. Munro, Govindarajan Ramu, and Daniel J. Zrymiak
Practical Engineering, Process, and Reliability Statistics Mark Allen Durivage
Practical Attribute and Variable Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA): A Guide for Conducting Gage R&R Studies and Test Method Validations Mark Allen Durivage
The Quality Toolbox, Second Edition Nancy R. Tague
Root Cause Analysis: Simplified Tools and Techniques, Second Edition Bjørn Andersen and Tom Fagerhaug
To request a complimentary catalog of ASQ Quality Press publications, call 800-248-1946, or visit our Web site at http://www.asq.org/quality-press .


American Society for Quality, Quality Press, Milwaukee, WI 53203 © 2019 by ASQ. All rights reserved. Published 2018.
23 22 21 20 19 18 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Walker, H. Fred, 1963- author. | Benbow, Donald W., 1936- author. | Elshennawy, Ahmad K., author. Title: The certified quality technician handbook / H. Fred Walker, Donald W. Benbow, and Ahmad K. Elshennawy. Description: Third edition. | Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press, 2018. Identifiers: LCCN 2018043193 | ISBN 9780873899765 (hardcover: alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Production management—Quality control. Classification: LCC TS156 .W27 2018 | DDC 658.5—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018043193
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Director, Quality Press and Programs: Ray Zielke Managing Editor: Paul Daniel O’Mara Sr. Creative Services Specialist: Randy L. Benson
ASQ Mission: The American Society for Quality advances individual, organizational, and community excellence worldwide through learning, quality improvement, and knowledge exchange.
Attention Bookstores, Wholesalers, Schools, and Corporations: ASQ Quality Press books, video, audio, and software are available at quantity discounts with bulk purchases for business, educational, or instructional use. For information, please contact ASQ Quality Press at 800-248-1946, or write to ASQ Quality Press, P.O. Box 3005, Milwaukee, WI 53201-3005.
To place orders or to request ASQ membership information, call 800-248-1946. Visit our Web site at www.asq.org/quality-press .




Table of Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Preface
Chapter 1 I. Quality Concepts and Tools
A. Quality Concepts
1. Customers and Suppliers
2. Quality Principles for Products and Processes
3. Quality Standards, Requirements, and Specifications.
4. Cost of Quality (COQ)
B. Quality Tools
The seven basic quality tools
1. Cause-and-Effects Diagrams
2. Flowcharts (Process Maps)
3. Check Sheets
4. Pareto Charts
5. Scatter Diagrams
6. Control Charts
7. Histograms
8. Problem Solving Techniques
Five Whys
8D (Eight Disciplines)
9. Six Sigma
Design of Experiments
Main Effects
Interactions
Fractional Factorial Designs
DMAIC
10. Lean
Kanban
Pull Systems
5S
Flow
Value Stream Maps
11. Continuous Improvement Techniques
The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle
Brainstorming
Benchmarking
C. ASQ Code of Ethics for Professional Conduct
The ASQ Code of Ethics
Ethical Dilemmas
Chapter Summary
Chapter 2 II. Statistical Techniques
A. General Concepts
1. Terminology
2. Frequency Distributions
B. Calculations
1. Measures of Central Tendency
2. Measures of Dispersion
3. Confidence Levels
4. Confidence Limits
5. Probability
C. Control Charts
1. Control Limits vs. Specification Limits
2. Variables Charts
3. Attributes Charts
4. Process Capability Measures
5. Common and Special Cause Variation
6. Data Plotting
Chapter 3 III. Metrology and Calibration
A. Types of Measurement and Test Equipment (M&TE)
Concepts in Measurements
1. Hand Tools
2. Gauges
3. Optical Tools
4. Coordinate Measuring Machines
5. Electronic Measuring Equipment
6. Weights, Balances, and Scales
7. Hardness Testing Equipment
8. Surface Plate Methods and Equipment
9. Surface Analyzers
Roughness Reference Standards
10. Force Measurement Tools
11. Angle Measurement Tools
12. Color Measurement Tools
13. Automated in-line inspection methods
Summary of Gauge Uses and Applications
B. Control and Maintenance of M&TE
1. M&TE Identification, Control, and Maintenance
2. Customer-Supplied M&TE
C. Calibration of M&TE
Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility
Calibration Systems
1. Calibration Intervals
2. Calibration Results
3. Calibration Error
4. Hierarchy of Standards
Chapter 4 IV. Inspection and Test
A. Blueprint Reading and Interpretation
1. Blueprint Symbols and Components
2. Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) Terminology
3. Classification of Product Defect Characteristics
B. Inspection Concepts
Uses of Inspection
1. Types of Measurements
2. Gauge Selection
3. Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
4. Rounding Rules
5. Conversion of Measurements
6. Inspection Points
7. Inspection Error
8. Product Traceability
9. Certificates of Compliance (COC) and Analysis (COA)
C. Inspection Techniques and Processes
1. Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Techniques
2. Destructive Testing Techniques
3. Other Testing Techniques
D. Sampling
1. Sampling Characteristics
2. Sampling Types
3. Selecting Samples from Lots
E. Nonconforming Material
1. Identifying and Segregating
2. Material Review Process
Chapter 5 V. Quality Audits
A. Audit Types and Terminology
Source of Auditors
Audit Types
B. Audit Components
Purpose/Scope
Preparation
Performance
Documentation
Closure
C. Audit Tools and Techniques
Checklists
Audit Working Papers
Quantitative Quality Tools
Objective Evidence
Forward and Backward Tracing
Audit Sampling Plans
Procedural Guidelines
D. Audit Communication Tools
Interviewing Techniques
Listening Skills
Chapter 6 VI. Risk Management
A. Risk Assessment and Management
Selecting a Standard for FMEA
Planning for an FMEA
Establishing a Single Point of Responsibility
FMEA Team Members
Inputs to an FMEA
FMEA and Other Quality Tools
Outputs from an FMEA
Basic Steps in an FMEA
Qauntifying the Risk Associated with Each Potential Failure
Risk Components
Taking Action Based on an RPN
Do We Rate the Failure Mode or the Cause?
Types of FMEAs
Design and Process FMEA
A Final Word on Taking Corrective Action
A Caution About Using FMEA
Design and Process FMEA Examples
Investigation of Root Causes
B. Corrective Action
C. Preventive Action
Nonconforming Material Identification
Determining Conformance Status
Identifying Nonconforming Materials
Segregating Nonconforming Materials
Nonconforming Material Review Process
Appendix A ASQ Certified Quality Technician (CQT) Body of Knowledge
Appendix B Areas under Standard Normal Curve
Appendix C Control Limit Formulas
Appendix D Constants for Control Charts
Appendix E Standard Normal Distribution for Select Values of Z
Glossary
References


List of Figures and Tables
Table 1.1 Supplier–customer relationship examples
Table 1.2 Examples of standards
Figure 1.1a Cause-and-effects diagram with the six Ms
Figure 1.1b Completed cause-and-effects diagram
Figure 1.2 Flowchart for a steel forming process
Figure 1.3 Flowchart for an invoicing process
Figure 1.4 Flowchart for calculating a weekly paycheck
Figure 1.5 Defects check sheet
Figure 1.6 A time-related check sheet
Figure 1.7 Check sheet showing points of internal porosity
Figure 1.8 Pareto chart of power outage causes
Figure 1.9 Pareto chart using revised categories
Table 1.3 Data for Injection molding scatter diagram example
Figure 1.10 Scatter diagrams of variables In Injection molding operation
Figure 1.11 Example of a run chart
Figure 1.12 Example of an averages chart
Figure 1.13 Example of an averages and range chart
Figure 1.14 Example of an X and R chart
Figure 1.15 Making a tally column
Figure 1.16 Frequency distribution and frequency histogram
Figure 1.17 Frequency distribution and frequency histogram for grouped data
Example 1.1 Five Whys analysis
Example 1.2 Five Whys analysis for failed error detection
Figure 1.18 Example of an 8D document
Example 1.3 The use of 8D d