Blood group and protein polymorphism gene frequencies for the andalusian horse breed. A comparison with four american horse breeds (Frecuencias génicas de grupos sanguíneos y polimorfismos proteicos en el caballo de raza andaluza. Comparación con cuatro razas de caballo americanas)

Rodríguez-Gallardo P.P.

Description

Abstract
Gene frecuencies at seventeen blood group and protein polymorphism loci for the andalusian horse breed are given. Standard methods of starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to identify inherited variants at the following enzyme and other protein loci: albumin (Al), transferrin (Tf), carboxylesterase (Es), A1B glycoprotein (Xk), vitamin D binding protein (Gc), protease inhibitor (Pi), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI). Polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing was used for haemoglobin (Hb). Standard hemaglutination and complement mediated hemolysis were used to detect red cell alloantigens at the following loci: A, C, D, K, P, Q and U. These data are used to calculate the effectiveness of the battery of tests for recognizing incorrect paternity (Pex) in this breed and to calculate Nei?s measures of normalized genetic identity (I) and standard genetic distance (D) between two populations (Nei, 1972), applied to studies of breed relationships between Andalusian and Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Quarter and Morgan horses (Blood group and protein polymorphism gene frequencies for Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Morgan and Quarter horses are from Trommershausen-Bowling & Clark, 1985).
Resumen
Se presentan las frecuencias génicas de diecisiete loci de grupos sanguíneos y polimorfismos bioquímicos en el caballo Andaluz. Se emplearon métodos estándar de electroforesis en geles de almidón y poliacrilamida para identificar las variantes hereditarias de los siguientes loci proteicos: albúmina (Al), transferrina (Tf), carboxilesterasa (Es), A1B glucoproteína (Xk), proteína de unión a la vitamina D (Gc), inhibidor de proteasas (Pi), 6- fosfogluconato deshidrogenasa (PGD), fosfoglucomutasa (PGM), glucosa-fosfato isomerasa (GPI). Para la hemoglobina (Hb) se utilizó isoelectroenfoque en gel de poliacrilamida. Se emplearon hemólisis mediada por el complemento y hemaglutinación estándar para detectar aloantígenos de grupos sanguíneos de los siguientes loci: A, C, D, K, P, Q y U. Estos datos se utilizan para calcular la eficacia de la batería de tests para reconocer paternidades incorrectas (Pex) en esta raza y para calcular la medidas de identidad genética normalizada (I) y distancia genética estándar de Nei entre dos poblaciones (Nei, 1972), aplicadas a estudios de parentesco entre las razas de caballo Andaluz y Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Morgan y Cuarto de milla (los valores de frecuencias génicas de grupos sanguíneos y polimorfismos bioquímicos de las razas Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Morgan y Cuarto de milla proceden de Trommershausen- Bowling y Clark, 1985).

Sujets

• Andalusian horse
• Genetic distance
• Caballo andaluz
• Distancia genética

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1992
• Nombre de lectures: 34

Extrait

ANDALUSIAN HORSES AND FOUR AMERICAN HORSE BREEDS
BLOOD GROUP AND PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM GENE
FREQUENCIES FOR THE ANDALUSIAN HORSE BREED. A
COMPARISON WITH FOUR AMERICAN HORSE BREEDS
FRECUENCIAS GENICAS DE GRUPOS SANGUINEOS Y POLIMORFISMOS
PROTEICOS EN EL CABALLO DE RAZA ANDALUZA. COMPARACION
CON CUATRO RAZAS DE CABALLO AMERICANAS
Rodríguez-Gallardo, P.P., P.Aguilar Sánchez, J.L.Vega Plá and D.F. de Andrés Cara
Laboratorio de Grupos Sanguíneos Cría Caballar-C.S.I.C.-U.CO. Instituto de Zootecnia. 14005
Córdoba. España.
Palabras clave adicionalesAdditional Keywords
Caballo andaluz. Heterocigosidad media. DistanciaAndalusian horse. Average heterozygosity.
genética. Identidad genética. PaternidadGenetic distance. Genetic identity. Incorrect
incorrecta.paternity.
SUMMARY
Gene frecuencies at seventeen blood group calculate Nei’s measures of normalized genetic
and protein polymorphism loci for the andalusian identity (I) and standard genetic distance (D)
horse breed are given. between two populations (Nei, 1972), applied to
Standard methods of starch and studies of breed relationships between Andalusian
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to and Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Quarter and Morgan
identify inherited variants at the following enzyme horses (Blood group and protein polymorphism
and other protein loci: albumin (Al), transferrin gene frequencies for Paso Fino, Paso Peruano,
(Tf), carboxylesterase (Es), A1B glycoprotein Morgan and Quarter horses are from
(Xk), vitamin D binding protein (Gc), protease Trommershausen-Bowling & Clark, 1985).
inhibitor (Pi), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
(PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and glucose-
phosphate isomerase (GPI). Polyacrylamide gel RESUMEN
isoelectric focusing was used for haemoglobin
(Hb). Se presentan las frecuencias génicas de
Standard hemaglutination and complement diecisiete loci de grupos sanguíneos y
mediated hemolysis were used to detect red cell polimorfismos bioquímicos en el caballo Andaluz.
alloantigens at the following loci: A, C, D, K, P, Q Se emplearon métodos estándar de
and U. electroforesis en geles de almidón y poliacrilamida
These data are used to calculate the para identificar las variantes hereditarias de los
effectiveness of the battery of tests for recognizing siguientes loci proteicos: albúmina (Al),
incorrect paternity (Pex) in this breed and to transferrina (Tf), carboxilesterasa (Es), A1B
Arch. Zootec. 41 (extra): 433-442. 1992. Archivos de zootecnia, vol. 41, núm. 154 (extra), p. 433.RODRIGUEZ-GALLARDO et al.
glucoproteína (Xk), proteína de unión a la vitamina among their ancestors, which trace up
D (Gc), inhibidor de proteasas (Pi), 6- to horses brought to the New World
fosfogluconato deshidrogenasa (PGD), by the spanish explorers, particularl
fosfoglucomutasa (PGM), glucosa-fosfato andalusian horses.
isomerasa (GPI). Para la hemoglobina (Hb) se This paper gives gene frequencies
utilizó isoelectroenfoque en gel de poliacrilamida. at seventeen blood group and protein
Se emplearon hemólisis mediada por el polymorphism loci for the Andalusian
complemento y hemaglutinación estándar para horse breed, that are used to calculate
detectar aloantígenos de grupos sanguíneos de Nei’s measures of normalized genetic
los siguientes loci: A, C, D, K, P, Q y U. identity (I) and standard geneti
Estos datos se utilizan para calcular la eficacia distance (D) between two populations
de la batería de tests para reconocer paternidades (Nei, 1972), applied to studies o
incorrectas (Pex) en esta raza y para calcular la breed relationships between
medidas de identidad genética normalizada (I) y Andalusian and Paso Fino, Pas
distancia genética estándar de Nei entre dos Peruano, Quarter and Morgan horses.
poblaciones (Nei, 1972), aplicadas a estudios de Values of average heterozygosity (Jx)
parentesco entre las razas de caballo Andaluz y and of the effectiveness of the battery
Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Morgan y Cuarto de of tests for recognizing incorrect
milla (los valores de frecuencias génicas de paternity (SPex) in this breed, are
grupos sanguíneos y polimorfismos bioquímicos also given.
de las razas Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Morgan y
Cuarto de milla proceden de Trommershausen-
Bowling y Clark, 1985). MATERIALS AND METHODS
Breed information has been
INTRODUCTION obtained from Van Vleck (1979),
Edwards (1980) and from the Spanish
Since the times of domestication Pure Breed horse stud-book.
human needs have modified the The Andalusian as well as the Barb
genetic pools of ancestral populations, horses, are believed to descend from
first by breeding habits, then through the horses brought by a population
migrations and invasions, and more coming from Egypt, related to the
recently by means of importations of Hittites, whose horses would be of
horses bearing desired particular Przewalski origin. These people settled
characteristics, and arbitrary crosses. in north Africa then passed to the
This admixture of ancient loca Iberic peninsula sometime around the
populations with imported lines thirteenth century before our era.
followed by selection practises in a Among the aptitudes of Andalusian
more or less definite direction and the horses were speed and a uniqu
lack of cross-breeding with other behaviour developed during fighting
populations has created the present being used for military or festiv
day horse breeds. purposes, and to improve other breeds.
Concerning the American horse The Andalusian horse today (officiall
breeds, there are many interrelations named Spanish Pure Breed horse) is
ecyfyleo,
Archivos de zootecnia, vol. 41, núm. 154 (extra), p. 434.ANDALUSIAN HORSES AND FOUR AMERICAN HORSE BREEDS
primarily raised for pleasure. and selection practises based on low
The Spanish Pure Breed hors heritability characters. At the present
stud-book (closed in 1929) requires time, the breed registry is closed.
that all breeding stallions and mares Morgan horses were originally used
be blood-typed before their foals can for weight-pulling and saddle and
be registered. Foal blood-typing and harness racing; they are nowadays
parentage verifying are require very popular for saddle riding and
before definitive registration. Th showing.
effectives of the breed are about Quarter horses have their origins
12000 horses and annual foa in Thoroughbreds and other imports
registration is approaching 4000. combined with horses descending from
Paso horses are naturally-gaited those brought to America by th
riding breeds, developed in Per spanish explorers. Quarter horses were
(Paso Peruano, PP) and in Puert bred for the ability to gallop very fast
Rico, Cuba, Colombia (Paso Fino, over short distances and for cattle
PF), that descend from horse work. Today, the breed is primaril
(Andalusians, Barbs, Jennets) carried raised for pleasure. The stud-book
to the New World by the spanish has remained open until recently and
explorers and colonists. According to cross-breeding with Thoroughbreds
its history, the Paso Peruano breed is still allowed, so that the amount of
has remained genetically isolated for genetic diversity is expected to be
several centuries. Paso horses have quite large.
been selectively bred for a natural Blood group and protein
lateral gait (a characteristic of most polymorphism gene frequencies for
thriding horses prior to the 17 century) Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Quarter and
in contrast with the square trotting Morgan horses are from Trommers-
gait seen in most horses today. This hausen-Bowling and Clark (1985).
gait is extremely comfortable for the Blood samples of Andalusian horses
rider and is relatively non-tiring for (N= 1099) were routinary tested in
horses to perform. Paso Peruano horses the period 1988 to 1991. Not ever
have also been selected for their sample was tested for all th
characteristic foreleg movemen specificities.
(similar to the arm motions of a crawl Standard methods of starch and
swimmer). These horses are primaril polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
used for pleasure riding and showing. were used to identify inherited variants
Morgan horses all trace to one at the following enzyme and other
stallion, Justin Morgan (formerl protein loci : albumin (Al), transferrin
Figura), which breeding origins are (Tf), esterase (Es), A1B glycoprotein
not reliably documented. However, (Xk), Vitamin D binding protein
the gene pool of the breed is expected (Gc), protease inhibitor (Pi), 6
to be quite diverse because of the phosphogluconate dehydrogenas
variety of mare lines used in th (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM)
beginnings of the breed, th and glucose-phosphate isomeras
subsequent use of cross-breeding, (GPI). Polyacrylamide gel isoelectric
úeeeeyeylyde-eeyots
Archivos de zootecnia, vol. 41, núm. 154 (extra), p. 435.RODRIGUEZ-GALLARDO et al.
focusing was used for haemoglobin marker frequencies on table II , for
(Hb). Computation of alleli Andalusian horses.
frequencies was done by direc On tables III and IV we present
counting from phenotypes. blood marker gene frequencies for
Standard hemagglutination an Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Quarter and
complement mediated hemolysis were Morgan horses taken fro