MAGNESIUM NITRATE AS DIETARY ADDITIVE IN THE NUTRITION OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT (EL NITRATO DE MAGNESIO COMO ADITIVO ALIMENTICIO EN LA NUTRICIÓN DE LA CABRA ENANA AFRICANA OCCIDENTAL)

Sowande O.S.

Description

Abstract
Twelve female West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were used in an 8 weeks feeding trial to investigate magnesium nitrate as a dietary additive in goats? nutrition. Four treatment levels (0, 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 p.100) of magnesium nitrate were used to obtain four diets containing 0.21, 0.32, 0.45 and 0.65 p.100 magnesium. Results indicated that animals on diet 4, though consumed the lowest dry matter (0.282 kgDM/day), promoted the best average daily gain (39.00 g/d), feed conversion ratio (8.28), serum magnesium (3.10 mg/100ml) and magnesium retention (0.160 g/kgBW). The performance and magnesium retention of goats on other diets were significantly lower. Magnesium nitrate can therefore, be used up to 1.5 p.100 0f diets to increase magnesium intake, without any adverse effect, for a better performance in WAD goats.
Resumen
Doce cabras de raza Enana Africana Occidental (WAD) fueron usadas para un ensayo de alimentación durante ocho semanas para investigar el papel del nitrato de magnesio como aditivo dietético en la nutrición de las cabras. Cuatro niveles (0
0,5
1,0 y 1,5 p.100) de nitrato magnésico fueron empleados para obtener dietas que contenían 0,21
0,32
0,45 y 0,65 p.100 de Mg. Los resultados indicaron que los animales que recibían la dieta 4 aunque consumieron la menor cantidad de materia seca (0,282 kg/día), consiguieron la mejor ganancia diaria de peso (39 g/día), índice de conversión de pienso, magnesio en el suero (3,10 mg/100 ml) y retención de magnesio (0,160 g/kg peso corporal). La producción y retención de magnesio con las otras dietas fue significativamente menor. El nitrato de magnesio puede por eso ser utilizado hasta un 1,5 p.100 en la ración para aumentar la ingestión de magnesio sin ningún efecto adverso para una mejor eficacia de las cabras WAD.

Sujets

• Nigeria
• Growth
• Crecimiento (desambiguación)

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2001
• Nombre de lectures: 104

Extrait

MAGNESIUM NITRATE AS DIETARY ADDITIVE IN THE
NUTRITION OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT
EL NITRATO DE MAGNESIO COMO ADITIVO ALIMENTICIO EN LA NUTRICIÓN DE LA
CABRA ENANA AFRICANA OCCIDENTAL
Sowande, O.S. and A.B.J. Aina
Department of Animal Production and Health. University of Agriculture. P.M.B. 2240. Abeokuta. Ogun State.
Nigeria.
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES
Growth. Magnesium retention. Crecimiento. Retención de magnesio.
SUMMARY
Twelve female West African Dwarf (WAD) tigar el papel del nitrato de magnesio como aditi
goats were used in an 8 weeks feeding trial to vo dietético en la nutrición de las cabras. Cuatro
investigate magnesium nitrate as a dietary additive niveles (0; 0,5; 1,0 y 1,5 p.100) de nitrato
in goats’ nutrition. Four treatment levels (0, 0.5,1.0 magnésico fueron empleados para obtener die
and 1.5 p.100) of magnesium nitrate were used to tas que contenían 0,21; 0,32; 0,45 y 0,65 p.100 de
obtain four diets containing 0.21, 0.32, 0.45 and Mg. Los resultados indicaron que los animales
0.65 p.100 magnesium. Results indicated that que recibían la dieta 4 aunque consumieron la
animals on diet 4, though consumed the lowest menor cantidad de materia seca (0,282 kg/día),
dry matter (0.282 kgDM/day), promoted the best consiguieron la mejor ganancia diaria de peso
average daily gain (39.00 g/d), feed conversion (39 g/día), índice de conversión de pienso,
ratio (8.28), serum magnesium (3.10 mg/100ml) magnesio en el suero (3,10 mg/100 ml) y reten
and magnesium retention (0.160 g/kgBW). The ción de magnesio (0,160 g/kg peso corporal). La
performance and magnesium retention of goats producción y retención de magnesio con las otras
on other diets were significantly lower. Magnesium dietas fue significativamente menor. El nitrato de
nitrate can therefore, be used up to 1.5 p.100 0f magnesio puede por eso ser utilizado hasta un
diets to increase magnesium intake, without any 1,5 p.100 en la ración para aumentar la ingestión
adverse effect, for a better performance in WAD de magnesio sin ningún efecto adverso para una
goats. mejor eficacia de las cabras WAD.
RESUMEN INTRODUCTION
Doce cabras de raza Enana Africana Occi The knowledge of West African
dental (WAD) fueron usadas para un ensayo de Dwarf (WAD) goat nutrition parti
alimentación durante ocho semanas para inves cularly that of mineral requirements,
Arch. Zootec. 50: 335 341. 2001.SOWANDE AND AINA
metabolism and utilization is highly MATERIALS AND METHODS
limited compared with numerous
studies in cattle and sheep. The EXPERIMENTAL A NIMALS AND THEIR
assumption is that information on cattle MANAGEMENT
and sheep can be imposed on goats Twelve female West African
(Kearl, 1982). This is more complicated(WAD) goats weighing 6 to 10 kg
by the fact that there are very many, were purchased from the local markets.
Rwidely differing goat farming systems They were routinely given Ivomec
and breed in the world. There are injection (1ml/50kgBW) against
however enough evidence on the endoparasites and dipped in Asuntol
Runique metabolic differences between powder solution (3 g/litre of water)
goats and other domestic ruminants against ectoparasites. The goats were
(Haenlein, 1980; Owen and Waheed, housed in previously disinfected and
1985; Morand Fehr et al., 1985). well ventilated pens for 4 weeks to
One of the critical areas in the acclimatise. During this period they
nutrition of WAD goats is the inorganic were fed with fresh Panicum maximum
element or mineral nutrition. The mi together with dry cassava peels. Water
neral requirements of each type of farmwas offered ad libitum.
animal depend to large extent on its Four experimental diets containing
size, to a greater extent on the capacityvarying levels (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5
of the digestive organs and more p.100) of magnesium nitrate were
importantly on the nature of its prepared (table I). The control diet
products. (D1) was formulated to contain 0.21
The magnesium requirements for p.100Mg, DM basis (NRC, 1985,
maintenance and liveweight gain is Bondi, 1987). Supplemental magne
16.7 mg/kg LW and an additional 0.7 sium nitrate (9.40 p.100 Mg) was
g/day per kg liveweight gain (ARC, incorporated to attain the desired
1980; Mba, 1982). Magnesium is one magnesium levels of 0.32, 0.45 and
of the essential minerals in goat's 0.65 p.100 magnesium respectively for
diets D2, D3 and D4. The twelve goatsnutrition. However, this element is
were randomized into four groups ofreported to be poorly absorbed from
three goats per group balanced for bodyconcentrate and forage feeds in the
weight (9.46 ± 0.055 kg). Each groupalimentary tract (McDonald et al.,
was placed on different diet for 8 weeks1988). Increased magnesium intake can
therefore, be effected by feeding goats apart from one week adjustment period
with supplementary magnesium rich during which the animals were allowed
mineral mixture or salts. to get used to the diets. Daily feed
This study investigated the effects supply was based on 4 p.100 body
weight of the goats while water wasof magnesium nitrate as a dietary
provided ad libitum.additive in West African Dwarf (WAD)
goat nutrition in terms of dry matter
DATA C OLLECTIONintake, average daily gain, feed
Weight of individual animals wereconversion ratio and magnesium
taken at the commencement of theretention.
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 50, núm. 191, p. 336.MG NITRATE IN THE DIET OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT
experiment and fortnightly after 14 experimental diets was determined
16 hrs feed withdrawal to avoid weightusing the procedure of A.O.A.C.
due to gut fill. Feed residues were (1990). Feeds and faeces samples were
weighed everyday to estimate daily charred over flame and ignited in
intake. Blood samples were collected muffle furnace to obtain the ash (A. O.
with hypodermic needle and syringe A. C. 1990). These samples, in addition
via jugular vein puncture (Frandson, to sera and urine samples, were
1986) at the beginning and end of the analysed for magnesium concentration
experiment. The half portion of blood with Pekin Elmer Atomic Absorption
(5 ml from each goat) used for pre Spectrophotometer (Model 290).
experiment haematological analysis
was mixed with EDTA to prevent bloodSTATISTICAL A NALYSES
coagulation and were immediately All the data generated were subjec
taken to the laboratory for analysis. ted to analysis of variance (Gomez and
The other half was used for serum Gomez, 1984). The format for analysis
harvesting by manual centrifuging was a completely randomized design.
machine. Treatment means were separated using
After feeding trial, two goats from Duncan Multiple Range Test (Duncan,
each treatment were randomly selected 1955).
and transferred to individual meta
bolism cage for separate collection of
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONfaeces and urine. The goats were
maintained on their respective previous
The proximate compositions of thediets for 10 days. Daily collection of
experimental diets are contained infaeces and urine samples was done
table I . The diets were fairly isonitro during the last 7 days of the experiment.
genous with the magnesium contentAbout 25 p.100 of the total faeces
increasing from D1 to D4. This increasecollected during this period was oven
may be attributed to the varying levelsdried at 80 C and bulked for each
of magnesium nitrate added to the dietsanimal. The urine sample bottles were
since the other ingredients were nearlyrinsed with dilute sulphuric acid as
constant. The mean values of pre preservative and about 25 p.100 of
experiment haematological analysistotal urine voided by each animal was
(table II) are close to the recordedstored at 20 ?C until required for
observations of Schalm et al. (1975).chemical analysis. The sera samples
The mean serum magnesium (Mg) iscollected were also stored at 20 ?C
similar to the normal value for healthybefore chemical analysis. The magne
goats (Unanian and Feliciano Silva,sium retention was calculated by
1984 and Aina, 1992). These implysubtracting the values of both faecal
that the goats were in good healthand urinary Mg excretion from
condition and that the responsesmagnesium intake.
observed would have emanated from
the treatment imposed.CHEMICAL A NALYSES
The summary of the performanceThe proximate composition of the
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 50, núm. 191, p. 337.SOWANDE AND AINA
Table I. Ingredients and chemical composition of the experimental diets (p.100). (Ingredientes
y composición química de las dietas experimentales, p.100).
Ingredients D1 D2 D3 D4
Wheat offal 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Dry cassava peels 20.00 19.50 19.00 18.50
Palm kernel cake 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00
Dry Gmelina arborea leaves 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
1Magnesium nitrate - 0.50 1.00 1.50
Chemical composition (p.100 of dry matter)
Dry matter (p.100) 87.90 87.70 87.20 87.40
Crude protein (p.100) 12.30 12.00 13.10 12.30
Crude fibre (p.100) 37.00 43.00 49.00 40.00
Ether extract (p.100) 2.50 2.50 3.50 3.00
Total ash (p.100) 4.80 5.40 4.60 5.00
Nitrogen free extract (p.100) 43.50 37.29 29.77 39.75
Magnesium (p.100) 0.21 0.32 0.45 0.65
1 9.40 p.100 magnesium and 98 p.100 pure magnesium salt.
of the goats fed the experimental dietsmetabolism (A