A selection of environmental pressure indicators for the EU and acceding countries. Edition 2003.

Eurostat

Description

L'édition 2003, incluant pour la première fois les pays candidats à l'accession, procède à une mise à jour des indicateurs pollution atmosphérique, changement climatique, raréfaction des ressources et déchets.
Edition 2001 :
Elle présente les données disponibles pour toute une série d'indicateurs (48 au total) concernant les principales pressions par l'homme sur l'environnement. Elle décrit les tendances et précise la répartition des pressions exercées par les différents secteurs de l'économie. L'objectif de cette publication est de fournir une description globale des principales activités humaines ayant un impact négatif sur l'environnement, telles que les émissions de polluants, la production de déchets, l'utilisation des sols.
Paris. http://temis.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/document.xsp?id=Temis-0047378

Sujets

• Ressources et consommation énergétiques mondiales
• Déchet
• Littoral
• Nuisance
• Pollution
• Population

Informations

• Publié par: temis-developpement-durable
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 7
• Licence : En savoir +
  Paternité, pas d'utilisation commerciale, partage des conditions initiales à l'identique
• Langue: Français

Extrait

A selection of
Environmental
Pressure Indicators
for the EU and
Acceding countries
THEME 88 Environment andEUROPEAN
energyCOMMISSION
P A NORAMA OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
2004 EDITION
2003 EDITIONEurope Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union
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It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003
ISBN 92-894-7234-0
© European Communities, 2003Contents

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................... 4

RESOURCE DEPLETION
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 7
RD-1: Water consumption.......................................................................................................................... 8
RD-2: Energy use..................................................................................................................................... 10
RD-3a: Increase in built-up land............................................................................................... 14
RD-3b: Soil erosion (new).......................................................................................................................... 16
RD-4: Fishing pressure ............................................................................................................................ 18
RD-5: Timber balance........................................................................................................... 20
WASTE
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 23
WA-1: Waste landfilled.................... 24
WA-2: Waste incinerated.................. 26
WA-3: Hazardous waste generated.......................................................................................................... 28
WA-4: Municipal wast............ 30
WA-5: Industrial waste generated ............................................................................................................ 32
WA-6: Recovery and recycling of packaging waste ................................................................................. 36
CLIMATE CHANGE
Introduction................................. 41
CC-1: Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO ) 42 2
CC-2: ons of methane (CH ) ......................................................................................................... 46 4
CC-3: Emissions of nitrous oxide (N O)................................................................................................... 50 2
CC-4: Emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF ............................................................................................... 52 6

AIR POLLUTION
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 55
AP Index of emissions of air pollutants ............................................................................................... 56
AP-1: Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) .............................................................................................. 58
AP-2: Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) ............................................ 62
AP-3: ons of sulphur dioxide (SO ) 64 2
AP-4: Emissions of particles (PM and PM ) 68 10 2.5
AP-5: ons of ammonia (NH )......................................................................................................... 70 3

ANNEXES
Annex 1: Abbreviations, Acronyms & Symbols ....................................................................................... 73
Annex 2: Nomenclatures.................... 76
Annex 3: EU, EFTA and Acceding Countries population data................................................................ 81

A selection of Environmental Pressure Indicators for the EU and Acceding Countries 3 Introduction

A selection of Environmental Pressure Indicators for the EU and Acceding Countries

This publication presents the results of the latest phase of the Environmental Pressure Indicators project to develop a
comprehensive set of indicators for the EU. The project reflects some of the efforts undertaken by the Commission to
provide decision-makers and the general public with information necessary for the design and monitoring of an adequate
environment policy for the European Union. It should be seen as part of a suite of indicators being developed for policy
purposes, and which also includes sectoral 'integration' indicators and sustainable development indicators, and inevitably
many of the indicators will be included in more than one set of indicators. This of course is not a shortcoming of the
process, but rather a confirmation that the issues and pressures identified here are significant pressures on our
environment, and deserve attention.
The earlier phases of the project culminated in the publication in 1999 and 2001 of a set of Environmental Pressure
1Indicators for the EU (EPI) . With Accession of ten new Member States imminent, this phase of the work aimed to extend
the coverage of the EPI to the Acceding Countries. Because of limited resources, it was not possible to cover all of the
policy fields included in the previous editions.
The policy fields and indicators

This publication shows the most important trends in a number of indicators for four policy fields: Resource Depletion,
Waste, Climate Change, and Air Pollution. While most of the other policy fields covered in earlier editions remain
important, with existing resources, it was not possible to update them for the EU countries nor to extend them to the
Acceding Countries. It is hoped to remedy this situation in the next edition. However, the indicators on Ozone Depletion
will be discontinued and the policy field Urban Environmental Problems will no longer be included, as most of the
problems are found in other policy fields. The exception is noise, but data for this are so scarce that the indicator cannot
yet be regularly updated.
The experience gained in the production of the earlier editions and the feedback from users have enabled us to refine
and improve the presentation of the indicators, removing duplication, and adding more explanation where warranted. A
few indicators are totally new, in that the issue is presented here for the first time, but had been identified by the indicator
selection procedure as one of the top ten most important issues in their field. These are a new AP-5, Ammonia
emissions, and RD-3b Soil erosion.
For each indicator, where possible, an attempt has been made to quantify the contribution of the different sectors of the
economy to the overall pressure. Depending on the data available this can take several forms, ranging from a single pie-
chart, giving the sectoral breakdown for one or a few countries, to a number of extra pages giving detailed sectoral
information.
Because different data sources are used to compile the indicators, the definitions of the sectors may differ from one
indicator to another (see Annex for more information), as does the reliability of the data presented. However, this does
not take away from the utility of providing an indication of the importance of the different sectors, as added information to
help the policy maker to identify where more information and, perhaps, action is most needed to prevent deterioration of
the environment.

Data quality and transparency
The indicators presented here come from a variety of data sources, many of which have not been fully harmonised.
Furthermore the methodologies used within the countries are not always fully transparent nor well-established, with the
result that the quality of the indicators varies, as does their reliability. In order to provide guidance on the status of the
indicators, a 'traffic light' coding, or 'semaphore' for the indicators has been adopted. The quality of the indicators was
assessed for four categories, using several criteria for each category:

1
These early phases of the project are described on the web site: http://e-m-a-i-l.nu/tepi/. This site provides a general introduction
to the Environmental Pressure Indicators Project, with background documents, technical, methodological, and current issues.

4 A selection of Environmental Pressure Indicators for the EU and Acceding Countries

• Relevancy refers to the closeness of the operational definition of the indicator to the environmental problem to be
measured, the methodology chosen and the relevancy of the breakdown published.
• Overall accuracy represents issues such as comparability of data, reliability of data sources, coverage of the
indicator, reliability of the methodology used and whether the results could be validated (e.g. sensitivity analysis;
confirmation through other data or approaches).
•