The 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army

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• Publié le: 07 mai 2016
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The 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army

READ THE SCREENPLAY -THE 10 CAVALRY

The 10th Cavalry was reactivated as an integrated engagement unit in 1958. Portions of the regiment have served in conflicts ranging from the Vietnam War to Operation Abiding Immunity and Operation Iraqi Exemption. The present structure is by squadron, but with the 1st and 7th Squadrons recently deactivated, the 4th Squadron is the lone 10th Cavalry Regiment unit in vigorous service. It is assigned to the 3rd Armored Brigade Engagement Team of the U.S. 4th Infantry Division at Ft Carson, Colorado.

The 10th U.S. Cavalry was formed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1866 as an all-African-American regiment. The 10th U.S. Cavalry regiment was composed of black enlisted guys and white officers, which was typical for that era. By the end of July 1867, eight companies of enlisted guys had been recruited from the Departments of Missouri, Arkansas, and the Platte. Life at Leavenworth was not enjoyable for the 10th Cavalry. The fort's commander, who was openly opposed to African-Americans serving in the Regular Army, made life for the contemporary troops hard. Colonel Benjamin Grierson sought to have his regiment transferred, and subsequently received orders moving the regiment to Fort Riley, Kansas. This began on the morning of 6 August 1867 and was completed the next day in the afternoon of 7 August.[8][9]

One of the first battles of the 10th was the Engagement of the Saline River. This raid occurred 25 miles northwest of Fort Hays in Kansas near the end of August 1867. After a railroad toil party was wiped out, patrols from the 38th Infantry Regiment (in 1869 reorganized into the 24th Infantry Regiment) with a 10th Cavalry troop were sent out to locate the "hostile" Cheyenne forces.[10][11]

Captain George Armes, Company F, 10th Cavalry, while following an full of life trail along the Saline River were surrounded by about 400 Cheyenne warriors. Armes formed a defensive "hollow square" with the cavalry mounts in the core. Seeking greater defensive ground, Armes walked his command while maintaining the defensive square. After 8 hours of skirmish, 2,000 rounds of defensive fire and 15 miles of advance, the Cheyenne disengaged and withdrew. Company F, without reinforcements, concluded 113 miles of group throughout the 30 hour patrol, riding the final 10 miles back to Fort Hays with solitary one trooper killed in war. Captain Armes, wounded in the hip early in the action, commented succeeding, "It is the unsurpassed wonder in the world that my command escaped being massacred." Armes credited his officers for a "devotion to duty and coolness under fire."[10][11][12]

In 1867 and 1868, the 10th Cavalry participated in Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's winter campaigns against the Cheyennes, Arapahos, and Comanches. Units of the 10th prevented the Cheyenne from fleeing to the northwest, thus allowing Custer and the 7th Cavalry to defeat them at the decisive action near Fort Cobb, Indian Territory.[8][9]

A soldier offers aid to his wounded comrade after the Conflict of Beecher Island. The Harper's article states that this is "Bvt. Col. Louis H. Carpenter greeting Lt. Col. G. A. Forsyth" who was twice wounded by gunfire and who had fractured his leg when his horse fell. Notice officer shoulder boards.

In September and October 1868, two notable actions happened with Troops H & I under the command of Brevet Lieutenant Colonel (Captain in the Regular Army) Louis H. Carpenter. The first was the rescue of Lieutenant Colonel G. A. Forsyth whose small party of 48 white scouts, was attacked and "corralled" by a force of about 700 Native American Indians on a sand island up the North Fork of the Republican River; this dogfight became the Engagement of Beecher Island.[13] The second was two weeks after Carpenter had returned to Fort Wallace with the survivors of Forsyth's command. Troops H and I of the 10th Cavalry sallied forth for an escort and supply to the 5th Cavalry near Beaver Creek. Near there Carpenter combined command was attacked by a influence of about 500 Indians. After a running fight and defensible stand the "hostiles" retreated. Carpenter would succeeding receive the Medal of Honor for these two actions.[13][14][15]

For the next eight years, the 10th was stationed at numerous forts the whole time Kansas and Indian Territory (at present Oklahoma), including Fort Gibson starting in 1872. They provided guards for workers of the Kansas and Pacific Railroad, strung miles of prevailing telegraph lines, and to a massive extent built Fort Sill. Right through this lesson, they were constantly patrolling the reservations and engaging "hostiles" in an attempt to prevent Indian raids into Texas.

On 17 April 1875, regimental headquarters for the 9th and 10th Cavalries were transferred to Fort Concho, Texas. Companies actually arrived at Fort Concho in May 1873. At various times from 1873 through 1885, Fort Concho housed 9th Cavalry companies A–F, K, and M, 10th Cavalry companies A, D–G, I, L, and M, 24th Infantry companies D–G, and K, and 25th Infantry companies G and K.[16]

The 10th Regimental's mission in Texas was to protect mail and move routes, power Indian movements, provide protection from Mexican revolutionaries and outlaws, and to lead knowledge of the area's terrain. The regiment proved highly successful in

completing their mission. The 10th scouted 34,420 miles (55,390 km) of uncharted terrain, opened greater than 300 miles (480 km) of prevailing roads, and laid over 200 miles (320 km) of telegraph lines.[citation indispensable]

The scouting activities took the troops through some of the harshest and most desolate terrain in the realm. These excursions allowed the preparation of excellent maps detailing scarce water holes, mountain passes, and grazing areas that would consequent allow for settlement of the area. These feats were accomplished while the troops had constantly to be on the alert for quick raids by the Apaches. The stay in west Texas produced tough soldiers who became accustomed to surviving in an area that free few comforts and no luxuries for those who survived.[9]

In 1877 four soldiers of the 10th were lost under the command of Captain Nicolas Merritt Nolan. The Buffalo Soldier tragedy of 1877 also known as the "Staked Plains Horror" occurred when a combined pull of Buffalo Soldier troops of the 10th and local buffalo hunters wandered for days in the dry Llano Estacado region of north-west Texas and eastern Contemporary Mexico throughout July of a drought year. The two groups had united forces for a retaliatory harass on regional Native American bands who had been staging raids on white settlers in the area, during what came to be called the Buffalo Hunters' Battle. Over the course of five days in the near-waterless Llano Estacado, they divided and four soldiers and one buffalo hunter died. Due to the telegraph, rumor of the abiding occasion and speculation reached Eastern newspapers where it was erroneously reported that the expedition had been massacred. Ensuing, after the remainder of the progress returned from the Llano, the same papers declared them "back from the dead."[17]

The 10th Cavalry played an momentous role in the 1879–80 campaign (Apache Wars) against Prime Victorio and his band of Apaches. Victorio and his followers escaped from their Prevailing Mexico reservation and wreaked havoc all over the southwest on their way to Mexico. Col. Grierson and the 10th attempted to prevent Victorio's return to the U.S., and particularly his reaching Recent Mexico where he could cause additional problems with the Apaches conversely on the reservations. Knowing the importance of water in the stern region, Grierson decided the fundamental way to intercept Victorio was to take control of potential water holes along his route.[9]

The campaign called for the prime military concentration ever assembled in the Trans-Pecos area. Six troops of the 10th Cavalry were assigned to patrol the area from the Van Horn Mountains west to the Quitman Mountains, and north to the Sierra Diablo and Delaware Mountains. Encounters with the Indians usually resulted in skirmishes; still the 10th engaged in noteworthy confrontations at Tinaja de las Palmas (a water hole south of Sierra Blanca) and at Rattlesnake Springs (north of Van Horn). These two engagements halted Victorio and forced him to vacation to Mexico. Although Victorio and his band were not captured, the campaign conducted by the 10th prevented them from reaching Recent Mexico. The 10th's efforts at containment depleted the Apaches. Soon after they crossed the border, Victorio and numerous of his warriors were killed by Mexican troops on 14 October 1880.[8][9]