Eco2 Cities

Hiroaki Suzuki

Description

The Eco2 Cities approach is a point of departure for cities that would like to reap the many benefits of ecological and economic sustainability. It provides an analytical and operational framework that offers strategic guidance to cities on sustainable and integrated urban development. At the same time case studies are used throughout the book to provide a matter-of-fact and ground-level perspective. The Eco2 framework is flexible and easily customized to the context of each country or city. Based on the particular circumstances and the development priorities of a city - the application of the framework can contribute to the development of a unique action plan or roadmap in each case. This action plan can be triggered through catalyst projects.
To support this framework, the book also begins to introduce some powerful and practical methods and tools that can further enable sustainable and integrated city planning and decision making. These include 1) operational and process methods that can strengthen collaborative decision making and cross-sector synergies in a city; 2) analytical methods ranging from diagnostics, simulation, design and scenario-generation; and 3) accounting and benchmarking methods which can help clarify, define and measure what it means to truly invest in sustainability and resilience.
As additional reference reading, the book also features a series of case studies from best practice cities around the world, each demonstrating a very different dimension of the Eco2 approach. It also features a series of infrastructure sector notes (on spatial development, transport, energy, water and waste management), each of which explore sector specific issues as they pertain to urban development, and the many opportunities for coordination and integration across sectors.

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 07 mai 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• EAN13: 9780821381441
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 17 Mo

Extrait

Interactive textbook at
www.worldbank.org/pdt
2Eco Cities
Ecological Cities as Economic Cities
Hiroaki Suzuki
Arish Dastur
Sebastian Moffatt
Nanae Yabuki
Hinako Maruyama2Eco Cities2Eco Cities
Ecological Cities as Economic Cities
Hiroaki Suzuki
Arish Dastur
Sebastian Moffatt
Nanae Yabuki
Hinako Maruyama
Washington, DC©2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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Washington DC 20433
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Internet: www.worldbank.org
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1 2 3 4 :: 13 12 11 10
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2Eco Cities : Ecological Cities as Economic Cities is available as an interactive textbook at http://www.worldbank.org/pdt.
The electronic version allows communities of practice, and colleagues working in sectors and regions, as well as students
and teachers, to share notes and related materials for an enhanced, multimedia learning and knowledge-exchange
experience.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8046-8
eISBN 978-0-8213-8144-1
DOI 10.1596/978-0-8213-8046-8
Cataloging-in-Publication data for this title is available from the Library of Congress.
Cover photo: Ricardo Almeida/SMCS
Back cover photo: Arish Dastur
Cover design: Naylor Design, Inc.TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxiii
The Structure of This Book xxv
Abbreviations xxvii
Executive Summary 1
PART ONE: THE FRAMEWORK 11
Chapter 1: Ecological Cities as Economic Cities 13
Challenges and Opportunities
Innovations in Urban Sustainability and Their Benefi ts
Powerful Lessons from Best Practice Cities
Opportunities to Capitalize
Chapter 2: Eco² Cities Initiative: Principles and Pathways 29
The Many Challenges That Cities Face
A Principled Approach That Can Overcome the Challenges
2The Move from Principles to Core Elements and a Unique Eco Pathway
Chapter 3: A City-Based Approach 43
The Core Elements of a City-Based Approach
Stepping Stones for a City-Based Approach
Chapter 4: An Expanded Platform for Collaborative 51
Design and Decision Making
The Core Elements of a Platform for Collaboration
Stepping Stones for an Expanded Platform for Collaboration
vChapter 5: A One-System Approach 61
The Core Elements of a One-System Approach
Stepping Stones for the One-Spproach
Chapter 6: An Investment Framework That Values 89
Sustainability and Resiliency
The Core Elements of Investment in Sustainability and Resiliency
Stepping Stones for Investing in Sustainability and Resiliency
Chapter 7: Moving Forward Together 103
Knowledge Sharing, Technical Assistance, and Capacity Building
Financial Resources
PART TWO: A CITY-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM 107
Chapter 8: Methods for Collaborative Design and Decision Making 111
Organizing and Managing Collaborative Working Groups
Developing a Shared Framework for Aligning Visions and Actions
Conducting a Regional Systems Design Charrette
Chapter 9: Methods for Analyzing Flows and Forms 123
Meta Diagrams and Material Flow Analysis
Ef ective Overlay Mapping
Chapter 10: Methods for Investment Planning 143
Life-Cycle Costing
Environmental Accounting
Foresight Workshops and Resiliency Planning
PART THREE: THE FIELD REFERENCE GUIDE 165
2Eco Case Studies 167
Case 1: Curitiba, Brazil
Case 2: Stockholm, Sweden
Case 3: Singapore
Case 4: Yokohama, Japan
Case 5: Brisbane, Australia
Case 6: Auckland, New Zealand
2Eco Sector Notes 225
Sector Note 1: Cities and Energyote 2: Cities and Water
Sector Note 3: Cities and Transportote 4: Cities and Solid Waste
Managing the Spatial Structure of Cities
vi | CONTENTSWorld Bank Group’s Financial Instruments and Multidonor Funds 329
Index 339
BOXES
Box 1.1 The City-Based Approach Is Bottom-Up 45
Box 1.2 Combining Forecasts and Backcasts to Achieve Resiliency 56
and Sustainability
Box 1.3 Combining Flows and Forms to Create a Transdisciplinary Platform 63
Box 1.4 Form and Flows 73
Box.1.5 Urban Land Pooling and Land Readjustment 84
Box 3.1 The Development Strategies of Stockholm 185
Box 3.2 The Measures in the CitySmart Program in Brisbane 214
Box 3.3 Examples of Grants and Rebates for Environmentally Sustainable 214
Home Projects in Brisbane
Box 3.4 Eight Goals Direct the Auckland Sustainability Framework 222
Box 3.5 Energy Planning in Mannheim 235
Box 3.6 Public Agencies with Signifi cant Infl uence on Electricity 237
Production, Distribution, and Use, California
Box 3.7 An Extensive Solar Water Heating Program in Rizhao, China 241
Box 3.8 Improving Energy Ef ciency, Reducing Energy Costs, and 246
Releasing Municipal Budgets
Box 3.9 The Ef ect of Distribution System Confi guration on Energy 257
Consumption
Box 3.10 Conservation and Domestic Water Consumption, Canada 260
Box 3.11 Combined Water and Energy Activities in Water Supply 262
Management
Box 3.12 The Watergy Case Study in Fortaleza, Brazil 263
Box 3.13 The Four Pillars of Sustainable Urban Transportation Institutions 273
Box 3.14 Transit-Oriented Development 278
Box 3.15 Emission-Based Road Pricing in Milan, Italy 280
Box 3.16 Beijing: Travel Demand Management and the Legacy of 280
the Olympic Games
Box 3.17 Bus Rapid Transit 288
Box 3.18 Performance Metrics 301
Box 3.19 An Innovative Waste Collection Approach 303
Box 3.20 A Recycling Program Involving Citizens 303
Box 3.21 Waste Reduction through Stakeholder Engagement, Yokohama 305
Box 3.22 The Clean Development Mechanism and Waste Management 307
Box 3.23 Landfi ll Gas Capture and Use in Tianjin, China 308
Box 3.24 Using Various Climate Change Funds Simultaneously or 337
Sequentially
Box 3.25 Citywide Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Carbon Finance 337
CONTENTS | viiFIGURES
Figure 1.1 The Hammarby Model, Stockholm: An Example of Integrated 20
Planning and Management
Figure 1.2 Initial First-Phase Results of Hammarby Sjöstad according to 21
the Environmental Load Profi le Life-Cycle Analysis Tool
Figure 1.3 The Integrated Transportation Network, 1974–95 and 2009 22
2Figure 1.4 A Possible Government Role: Administering a National Eco Fund 48
to Support Participating Cities
Figure 1.5 The City’s Collaborative Working Group at Three Tiers: Corporate, 53
Municipal, and Regional
Figure 1.6 Aalborg Charter 58
Figure 1.7 The Load Curve of a District Heating System 65
Figure 1.8 Cascading Water Use 66
Figure 1.9 Cascading and Looping Water in Singapore 67
Figure 1.10 Looping Resources 67
Figure 1.11 The Cluster Management of Waste 68
Figure 1.12 Distributed Systems 70
Figure 1.13 Uses of a Pedestrian Pathway 71
Figure 1.14 A Distributed System for Wastewater Treatment 71
Figure 1.15 Integrated Materials and Waste Management 72
Figure 1.16 Innovative Energy Infrastructure 72
Figure 1.17 Integrated Storm Water Management 72
Figure 1.18 Traditional Dwelling Supply Systems 72
Figure 1.19 Combined Trenching for Infrastructure Systems 73
Figure 1.20 A Broad View of the City Center of Houston 74
Figure 1.21 Urban Density and Transport-Related Energy Consumption 75
Figure 1.22 A Dif erent Paradigm for Urban Design 76
Figure 1.23 Integrating the Benefi ts of Natural Systems in Communities 77
Figure 1.24 The Multiple Uses of a Public School 77
Figure 1.25 Time Rings 79
Figure 1.26 Shantigram Township before the Land Readjustment Scheme, 85
Gujarat, India
Figure 1.27 Shantigram Township: Final Serviced Land Parcels for Sale, 86
Gujarat, India
Figure 1.28 Summary of Resource Flows through London, 2000 93
Figure 1.29 Targeted Indicator Type, by Level of