FOAM a new simple benthic degradative1

Patrizia De Gaetano

Description

FOAM, a new simple benthic degradative1 module for the LAMP3D model: an2 application to a Mediterranean fish farm3 Patrizia De Gaetano 1, Andrea M. Doglioli 2, Marcello G. Magaldi 3, Paolo Vassallo 4, Mauro Fabiano 4 4 1 DIFI, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Genova5 2 Aix-Marseille Universite ; CNRS ; LOB-UMR 6535, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie et de6 Biogeochimie, OSU/Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille7 3 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), Division of Meteorology8 and Physical Oceanography (MPO), University of Miami9 4 DIPTERIS, Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse, Universita di10 Genova11 Corresponding author address:12 Patrizia De Gaetano, DIFI, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Genova, Via Dode-13 caneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italia.14 Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] E-mail: Running title: FOAM, Finite Organic Accumulation Module16 Keywords: Biodegradation modeling, Aquaculture impact, Mediterranean Sea,17 Husbandry, Net-pen, Organic matter.18 Preprint submitted to Aquaculture Research March 11, 200819 1

• realistic scenario


• matical models


• finite organic


• aquaculture


• organic load


• marine fish


• modeling framework


• dispersion using


• biodegradation modeling

Sujets

• Coppens
• United Nations
• Fabiano
• Aquaculture
• mathe

Informations

• Publié par: pefav
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

1 FOAM,anewsimplebenthicdegradative 2 modulefortheLAMP3Dmodel:an 3 applicationtoaMediterraneanfishfarm 4 PatriziaDeGaetano 1 ,AndreaM.Doglioli 2 ,MarcelloG.Magaldi 3 , PaoloVassallo 4 ,MauroFabiano 4 5 1 DIFI,DipartimentodiFisica,Universita`diGenova 6 2 Aix-MarseilleUniversite´;CNRS;LOB-UMR6535,Laboratoired’Oce´anographieetde 7 Bioge´ochimie,OSU/Centred’Oce´anologiedeMarseille 8 3 RosenstielSchoolofMarineandAtmosphericScience(RSMAS),DivisionofMeteorology 9 andPhysicalOceanography(MPO),UniversityofMiami 10 4 DIPTERIS,DipartimentoperloStudiodelTerritorioedellesueRisorse,Universita`di 11 Genova 12 Correspondingauthoraddress : 13 PatriziaDeGaetano, DIFI,DipartimentodiFisica,Universita´diGenova,ViaDode- 14 caneso33,16146Genova,Italia. 15 Phone:[phone]Fax:[phone]E-mail:degaetano@fisica.unige.it 16 Runningtitle:FOAM,FiniteOrganicAccumulationModule 17 Keywords: Biodegradationmodeling,Aquacultureimpact,MediterraneanSea, 18 Husbandry,Net-pen,Organicmatter. 19 Preprintsubmittedto AquacultureResearch 1 March11,2008

20 Abstract 12 22 ThemodelingframeworkalreadyintroducedbyDogliolietal.(2004a)topredict 23 thepotentialimpactofamarinefishfarmisimprovedfollowingdifferentdirections. 24 Namely:(i)realhistoriccurrent-meterdataareusedtoforcethesimulations;(ii) 25 settlingvelocityvaluesspecificallytargetingMediterraneanfishspeciesareused;and 26 (iii)anewbenthicdegradativemodule,FOAM,isaddedtothemodelingframework. 27 FOAMusestheoutputoftheotherfunctionalunitsofthemodelingframeworkto 28 calculatetheorganicloadontheseabed.FOAMconsidersthenaturalcapabilityof 29 theseafloorinabsorbingpartoftheorganicload.Differentremineralizationrates 30 reflectthesedimentstresslevelaccordingtotheworkofFindlay&Watling(1997). 31 Organicdegradationforbothuneatenfeedandfaecesisevaluatedbychanging 32 releasemodality(continuousandperiodical)andbyvaryingthesettlingvelocities. 33 Itisfoundthatthemaximumimpactonthebenthiccommunityisobservedeither 34 forquickly-sinkinguneatenfeedreleasedtwiceaday,orforlessintensenearbottom 35 currentconditions.Ifboththeabovementionedscenarioscoexist,ahighstresslevel 36 isestablishedinthesediment.Themodelalsosuggeststhattheuseofself-feeders 37 incagescansignificantlyreducefarmimpacts.Theseresultsshowhowthenewand 38 morecompletemodelingframeworkpresentedhereisabletoimprovetheobjectivity 39 inthedecisionmakingprocessesandhowitmaybesuccessfullyusedforplanning 40 andmonitoringpurposes. 2

41 1Introduction 42 Theincreaseinglobalfishconsumptionandthedecreaseofwildfishstocksarethe 43 mainreasonsbehindthecontinuousdevelopmentofmarineaquaculture(FAOFish- 44 eriesDivision,2006, http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0874e/a0874e00.htm ). 45 Theworldwideexpansionofmarinefishfarms,however,hasalwaysbeengenerating 46 concernregardingthepossibleimpactsoncoastalecosystems.Alreadyin1995,the 47 FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)oftheUnitedNationsadoptedaCode 48 ofConductforResponsibleFisheries.TheCodeprovidedthenecessaryframework 49 fornationalandinternationaleffortstoensuresustainableexploitationofaquatic 50 livingresources.Particularattentionwaspaidtotheaquaculturegrowthinaccord 51 withthesustainableandintegrateduseoftheenvironment,takingintoaccountthe 52 fragilityofcoastalecosystems,thefinitenatureoftheirnaturalresourcesandthe 53 needsofcoastalcommunities.In2001,followingthesamedirection,theEuropean 54 Unionstartedtosetupastrategyforsustainableaquaculturedevelopmentwiththe 55 BiodiversityActionPlanforFisheries(COM162,2001)andtheEuropeanStrat- 56 egyforSustainableDevelopment(COM264,2001).Thesetwodocumentsledto 57 themorerecentandspecificStrategyfortheSustainableDevelopmentofEuropean 58 Aquaculture(COM511,2002). 59 Marineaquacultureoperationsarestillveryexpensive,andtheonlymeansby 60 whichprofitabilitycanbesustainedistointensifyfishproduction.Unfortunately 61 thisintensificationincreasesthealreadyexistingconcernsaboutreachingandsur- 62 passingthenaturalcapabilityoftheenvironment.Thescientificliteraturehasiden- 63 tifiedthemainenvironmentalimpactfromfishfarmstobethereleaseofparticulate 64 wasteproducts(Halletal.,1990;Holmer&Kristensen,1992;Karakassisetal., 65 2000).Theparticulatewastesincreasetheorganicloadonthebenthicenvironment 66 andmightdeterminechangesinthecommunitystructureandinthebiodiversity 67 ofthebenthicassemblages(Tsutsumietal.,1991;Wuetal.,1994;Vezzullietal., 68 2002,2003).Thereforeweareinneedforpredictivetoolsabletoassesswhetheror 3