Quantitative trait loci (QTL) determination of grain quality traits in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Var. Durum)

Ismahane El Ouafi

Informations

• Publié par: helvia
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 5
• Licence : En savoir +
  Paternité, pas d'utilisation commerciale, pas de modification
• Langue: Español
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

CORDOBA UNIVERSITY
ETSIAM, GENETIC DEPARTMENT
&
CIMMYT/ICARDA DURUM JOINT PROGRAM

‘‘‘‘‘‘‘






Ph.D. Thesis



Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) determination of
grain quality traits in durum wheat
(Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)





Presented by:
Ismahane El Ouafi











Supervisors:
Dr. Miloudi M. Nachit
Dr. Antonio Martín Muñoz
Dr. Luis Miguel Martín Martín



CORDOBA (SPAIN), SEPTEMBER 2001 Cordoba University, High Technical School of Agronomy and Forestall
Engineering,
Genetic Department
&
CIMMYT/ICARDA Durum Joint Program










Ph.D. Thesis




Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) determination of grain quality
Triticum turgidum durum traits in durum wheat ( L. var. )







Presented by:
Ismahane El Ouafi












Supervisors:
Dr. Miloudi M. Nachit
Dr. Antonio Martín Muñoz
Dr. Luis Miguel Martín Martín

Cordoba (Spain), September 2001







Los Drs. D. Miloudi M. Nachit, Investigador del CIMMYT, D. Antonio
Martín Muñoz, Profesor de Investigación del CSIC y D. Luis Miguel Martín Martín,
Catedrático de Genética de la UCO,



INFORMAN:

Que el trabajo titulado “Mapa de ligamiento de caracteres relacionados con
la calidad de trigo duro (Triticum turgidum var. L. durum)”, realizado por D.
Ismahane El Ouafi, bajo su dirección, se considera ya finalizado y puede ser presentado
para su exposición y defensa como Tesis Doctoral en el Departamento de Genética de la
Universidad de Córdoba.









M. M. Nachit A. Martín Muñoz L. M. Martín Martín

Córdoba, 29 de Junio de 2001

























A ceux dont l’Amour toujours monte comme
une flamme,
A mes sœurs, Noura, Hadya, Hanane,
Hasna, Sally et Aya,
A ma Mère,
A mon Père,
A mon oncle Abdou,
A ma famille qui m’a donne le tous et le
tous,
A l’âme de Youssef, que Dieu le bénisse
A ceux que j’aime et j’aimerai toujours,

Je dédie ce travail

List of Contents Pages

I Summary

IIAcknowledgements

Acronyms III

1Introduction

Chapter I: Literature Review 3-42

I- Wild and Cultivated Wheats 4
1. Origin of Wheats 4
2. Wild wheats 5
- Triticum dicoccoides 7
3. Cultivated wheats 8
- Triticum durum 9

II- Genetic Mapping 11
A- Wheat mapping and maps 11

B- Molecular marker techniques 14
1- Non- PCR Based Techniques 15
a- Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism (RFLP) 15

2- PCR-Based Techniques 16
a- Microsatellites (SSR) 18
b- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) 21

III- Quality QTLs Determination 23
A- Seed Storage Proteins 24
1- Monomeric Proteins 25
1-1 Gliadins 25
1-2 Monomeric Albumins/Globulins 27

Polymeric proteins 27 2-
2-1 Glutenins 27
a- High Molecular Weight Glutenins (HMW) 28
b- Low Molecular Weight Glutenins (LMW) 31
2-2 High Molecular Weight (HMW) Albumins 34
2-3 Triticins 34

B- Protein content (PC) 34
C- Kernel Quality Characteristics 37
- Yellow Pigment (YP) 37
- Lipoxygenase (LOX) 38
- PolyPhenol Oxidase (PPO) 38

D- Milling Quality Characteristics 39
- Test Weight (TW) 39
- Thousand-Kernel Weight (TKW) 40
- Vitreousness (Vit) 41
- Ash Content (AC) 41

Chapter II: Material & Methods 43-62

A- Plant material and experimental design and sites 44
1- Plant material 44
2- Sites description 45
2-1- Tel Hadya station 45
a- Early Planting (EP) 46
b- Rain-fed (Rf) 47
c- Irrigated (Ir) 47
d- Late planting (LP) 47
e- Summer planting (Sum) 47
f- Sowing after legume crop (Inc) 47
2-2- Breda station 47
492-3- Terbol station
3- Experimental design 49

B- Biochemical Analysis 50
B-1- Quality traits assessment 50
- Protein Content (PC) 50
- Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate (SDS) or Sedimentation Test 50
- Firmness (SDSni) 51
- Farinograph 51
- Yellow Pigment (YP) 53
- Vitreousness (Vit) 53
- Test Weight (TW) 53
- Thousand kernel weight (TKW) 53
- Milling extraction 53
- Ash content (AC) 54

B-2- Protein electrophoretic analysis 54
a- Gliadin assay 54
b- Glutenin assay 54

C- Molecular Analysis 55
C-1- DNA extraction 55
C-2- Microsatellites (SSR) 55
C-3- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis (AFLPs) 58
D- Statistical Analysis 59

E- Map Construction 60

F- Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis (MQTL) 61

Chapter III: Results & Discussion
63-87Molecular Markers & Mapping of
Omrabi5/T. dicoccoides600545//Omrabi5


A- Microsatellites 64

B- AFLPs 70

C- Seed Storage Proteins 74

D- Genetic Map Construction 76

Chapter IV: Results & Discussion
Grain Quality Characteristics 88-115

I- Grain Quality Characteristics 89
1- Protein Content (PC) 89
922- Sedimentation test (SDS)
3- Firmness (SDSni) 95
4- Farinograph 97
5- Yellow Pigment (YP) 99
6- Vitreousness (Vit) 101
7- Test Weight (TW) 104
8- Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW) 106
1099- Miling Extraction
10- Ash Content (AC) 109


II- Correlation and Clustering of grain-quality characteristics 113

Chapter V: Results & Discussion
Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis (MQTL) 116-
158

I- Protein Content I-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for PC 117
I-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for PC 118
I-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for PC 121

II- Sedimentation Test
II-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for SDS 123
123II-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for SDS
II-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for SDS 125

III- Farinograph
III-1- Farinograph Absorbance (FAB)
1-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for FAB 128
1-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for FAB 129
1-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for FAB 130

III-2- Farinograph Development Time (FDT)
2-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for FDT 131
2-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for FDT 132
2-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for FDT 133

III-3- Farinograph Mixing Time (FMT)
3-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for FMT 134
3-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for FMT 135
3-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for FMT 135

III-4- Farinograph Stability Time (FST)
4-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for FST 137
4-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for FST 137
4-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for FST 138

IV- Yellow Pigment
IV-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for YP 140
IV-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for YP 140
IV-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for YP 142

V- Vitreousness
V-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for vitreousness 143
V-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for vitreousness 144
V-c- Estimation of the additive effects of the putative QTLs for vitreousness 145

VI- Test Weight
146VI-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for TW
VI-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for TW 147
VI-c- TW 148

VII- Thousand-Kernel Weight
VII-a- Estimation of QTL positions by simple interval mapping for TKW 149
VII-b- Estimation of QTL positions by sCIM for TKW 150
VII-c- Estimation of the additive effect