Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates in Dairy Cows Following Systemic Treatment with Ceftiofur or Penicillin [Elektronische Ressource] / Sabine Mann. Betreuer: Wolfgang Klee
Aus dem Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Angefertigt unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. W. Klee Angefertigt in der Ambulatory and Production Medicine Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lorin D. Warnick, DVM, PhD, Diplomate Veterinary Preventive Medicine) Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates in Dairy Cows Following Systemic Treatment with Ceftiofur or Penicillin Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München von Sabine Mann aus Kirchheimbolanden München 2011 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. Braun Referent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Klee Korreferent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ammer Tag der Promotion: 30. Juli 2011 II Wer nicht fragt, bleibt dumm! Volker Ludwig (* 13. Juni 1937) III Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW ................................................................... 2 1 Antimicrobial agents ................................................................................. 2 1.1 The discovery of antimicrobial drugs in the 20th century ............
Aus dem Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Angefertigt unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. W. Klee Angefertigt in der Ambulatory and Production Medicine Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lorin D. Warnick, DVM, PhD, Diplomate Veterinary Preventive Medicine) Antimicrobial Susceptibility of FecalEscherichia coliIsolates in Dairy Cows Following Systemic Treatment
with Ceftiofur or Penicillin
Inaugural-Dissertationzur Erlangung der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
von Sabine Mann aus Kirchheimbolanden München 2011
Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. Braun Referent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Klee Korreferent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ammer Tag der Promotion: 30. Juli 2011
LITERATURE OVERVIEW ................................................................... 2Antimicrobial agents ................................................................................. 2The discovery of antimicrobial drugs in the 20th century........................... 2Antimicrobial mode of action...................................................................... 3Antimicrobial resistance ........................................................................... 6History of antimicrobial resistance.............................................................. 6 Antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine ..................... 7 Types and dissemination of resistance encoding genes ............................. 9 Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria ........................................................... 9 Mobile genetic elements ........................................................................... 10 Mutation ................................................................................................... 11 Mechanisms of resistance in bacteria ....................................................... 12 The cost of resistance ................................................................................ 14 Implications of resistance in veterinary and human medicine............ 15 Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance ..................................................... 16 Overlap of antimicrobials used in veterinary and human medicine .......... 16 Source of resistance encoding genes in human pathogens ........................ 18 Prudent antimicrobial usage ...................................................................... 19Human medicine........................................................................................ 19 Veterinary medicine .................................................................................. 20 Alternatives to antimicrobial treatment ..................................................... 21 Phage therapy ............................................................................................ 21 Disease prevention .................................................................................... 22 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing ....................................................... 23 E. colias a model organism for studyingSalmonella24........................... References ................................................................................................ 25
PUBLICATION.......................................................................................36Abstract .................................................................................................... 38 IV
Cfu Colony Forming Unit CIPARS The Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance DANMAP Danish Programme for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance DNA Deoxyribonucleic adic EARS-Net European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control EFSA European Food Safety Authority
ESBL
HGMF
MIC
mRNA
PBP
QC RNA RS
S
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase
Hydrophobic grid membrane filter
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Messenger ribonucleic acid
Penicillin-binding protein
Quality control Ribonucleic acid Reduced susceptibility