Seasonal life-history adaptation in the water strider Gerris lacustris [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Brenda Pfenning

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Informations

• Publié par: julius-maximilians-universitat_wurzburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 61
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

SEASONALLIFE
HISTORYADAPTATION
INTHEWATERSTRIDER
GERRIS LACUSTRIS



DISSERTATIONZURERLANGUNGDESNATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN
DOKTORGRADESDERBAYERISCHENJULIUS
MAXIMILIANS
UNIVERSITÄT
WÜRZBURG




VORGELEGTVON
BRENDAPFENNING
AUS
MARKTHEIDENFELD

WÜRZBURG2008







Eingereichtam:11.Februar2008



MitgliederderPrüfungskommission:
Vorsitzender:Prof.Dr.MartinJ.Müller
Erstgutachter:Prof.Dr.HansJoachimPoethke
Zweitgutachter:Prof.Dr.JürgenTautz
TagdesPromotionskolloquiums:..............................................
Doktorurkundeausgehändigtam:............................................





















TableofContents

Chapter1
GeneralIntroduction 1
1.1 4LIFE6HISTORYADAPTATIONSTOVARIATIONSINSEASONLENGTH .......
1.2 ADAPTATIONSOFWATERSTRIDERSTOSEASONALITY.............................. 9
121.3 OUTLINEOFTHETHESIS ..................................................................................

Chapter2
15SpeciesandStudyArea
172.1 THECOMMONPOND6SKATERGERRISLACUSTRIS ......................................
2.2 STUDYAREA....................................................................................................... 20

Chapter3
VariabilityinthelifehistoryofthewaterstriderGerris lacustris
23(Heteroptera:Gerridae)acrosssmallspatialscales
263.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................
3.2 METHODS ........................................................................................................... 28
Winglengthpatternandlifecyclesofreferencepopulationsandreared
3.2.1 29
individuals ............................................................................................................
3.2.2 Winglengthpatternoffieldandforestpopulations ........................................... 30
3.2.3 Populationdynamicsandvoltinismoffieldandforestpopulations .................. 31
3.3 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 31
Winglengthpatternandlifecyclesofreferencepopulationsandreared
3.3.1 32
individuals ............................................................................................................

3.3.2 33Winglengthpatternoffieldandforestpopulations ...........................................
3.3.3 33Populationdynamicsandvoltinismoffieldandforestpopulations ..................
3.4 DISCUSSION........................................................................................................ 35




Chapter4
AlternativelifehistoriesinthewaterstriderGerris lacustris:
39
temporalconstraintonwingmorphandvoltinism
4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 42
434.2 MATERIALANDMETHODS .............................................................................
4.2.1 43Effectsoftemperatureondevelopmentaltimeofeggsandlarvae .........................
4.2.2 45Estimationoflowerdevelopmentalthresholdt andthermalconstantk ..............0
Temporalconstraintonvoltinismandwingdimorphismonfieldandforest
4.2.3 46
ponds.....................................................................................................................

4.3 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 47
4.3.1 Developmentalrateofeggsandlarvae.................................................................. 47
4.3.2 48Estimationoflowerdevelopmentalthresholdt andthermalconstantk ..............0
Temporalconstraintonvoltinismandwingdimorphismonfieldandforest
4.3.3 49
ponds.....................................................................................................................

4.4 DISCUSSION........................................................................................................ 51

Chapter5
Dealingwithtimeconstraintsondevelopment:theeffectof
55
foodavailability
5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 58
5.2 MATERIALANDMETHODS ............................................................................. 59
5.2.1 Rearingexperiment............................................................................................... 59
5.2.2 Effectoffeedingregimeandhatchingtimeondevelopment ................................. 60
Mortalityandwingphenology .............................................................................5.2.3 61
615.3 RESULTS ..............................................................................................................
5.3.1 Effectoffeedingregimeandhatchingtimeondevelopment ................................. 61
5.3.2 Mortalityandwingphenology ............................................................................. 63
645.4 DISCUSSION........................................................................................................




CHAPTER6
TheannualreproductivepatternofthewaterstriderGerris
67lacustrisinvariableenvironments
6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 70
716.2 METHODS............................................................................................................
6.2.1 DiapausestrategyofGerrislacustris.................................................................... 71
6.2.2 Interindividualvariabilityofdevelopment .......................................................... 72
Fitness model: Calculating fitness for diapause and directly reproduction
6.2.3
strategies ............................................................................................................... 73
6.3 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 74
6.4 DISCUSSION........................................................................................................ 78
6.5 APPENDIX1:FITNESSCALCULATION............................................................ 80
6.6 APPENDIX2:PARAMETERESTIMATION........................................................ 82
6.6.1 Theenvironment ................................................................................................... 82
6.6.2 Thespecies............................................................................................................. 83

87Summary
93Zusammenfassung
References 99
111Publications
112Conferences&Workshops
Curriculumvitae 113
115Danksagung
117Erklärung
















































Chapter1

GeneralIntroduction