Elements of security and non-proliferation

Jean Jalouneix

Description

Following on from the work on the safety of nuclear facility published in 1996, which needed to be updated and extended in scope, IRSN has created a new series of educational publications entitled "Elements of nuclear safety, radiological protection and security". The series takes up the general objective of tackling all aspects of risk management in the nuclear field, in terms of protecting human health, society and the environment.

The first publication in this series, covering nuclear security and non-proliferation, describes the measures implemented in France and at international level to prevent terrorism and malicious acts and, if necessary, mitigate the consequences of any such act. It deals with the security of nuclear material, nuclear facilities and the transport of nuclear material, the security of radioactive sources and describes States' undertakings to implement safeguards relative to tracking nuclear material and chemicals to prevent their use for fraudulent purposes.

These publications will be of interest to anyone concerned by these issues, especially those who work in the nuclear industry, but it will also answer many questions that members of the public may have regarding these subjects. It indudes information on context and history, the provisions and requirements contained in French regulations and international agreements, as well as details of the roles played by the various entities involved, induding IRSN.

Sujets

• Techniques
• Energie et Environnement
• Energie & environnement
• Sciences et techniques
• Physics
• Nuclear
• Nucléaire
• Science
• Physique
• Physical attractiveness

Informations

• Publié par: EDP Sciences
• Date de parution: 06 avril 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9782759820726
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 49 Mo

Extrait

Elements of nuclear protection and

safety, radiological security series

Elements of security and nonproliferation

Jean Jalouneix

Cover image:mosaic of photographs related to the subjects dealt with in the different volumes of the Elements of nuclear safety, radiological protection and security series. The photographs illustrating the subjects covered in thisfirst volume of the series are highlighted, outlined in yellow.

Printed in France ISBN: 9782759820719 DOI: 10.1051/9782759820719

All rights relative to translation, adaptation and reproduction by any means whatsoever are reserved, worldwide. In accordance with the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41 of the French Act dated March 11, 1957,“copies or reproductions reserved strictly for private use and not intended for collective use”and, on the other hand, analyses and short quotations for example or illustrative purposes, are allowed. Otherwise,“any representation or reproduction  whether in full or in part–without the consent of the author or of his successors or assigns, is unlawful”(Article 40, paragraph 1). Any representation or reproduction, by any means whatsoever, will therefore be deemed an infringement of copyright punishable under Articles 425 and following of the French Penal Code. © IRSN 2017

Preface

As part ofIRSN’s Science and Technology Series, the aim of the“Elements of nuclear safety, radiological protection and security”(Éléments de sûreté nucléaire, de radio protection et de sécurité) series is, like the 1996 publication entitled“Elements of nuclear safety”(Éléments de sûreté nucléaire), to provide all those whose work involves ionizing radiation, primarily in the nuclear industry, with information regarding the technological culture relative to prevention and management of the related risks. This new series is the result of the desire—and the necessity—not only to update the 1996 publication, but also to extend its scope to areas previously not covered or only touched upon.

In its collection of scientific works,IRSNpromotes the most advanced knowledge acquired either within the Institute or as part of national or international collaboration, focusing particularly on the educational value of its presentation. With this in mind, the “road map”for this new series include clear explanations through recounting the history of developments in techniques, ideas, approaches, organizations and regulations, or through questions raised and lessons learned from accidents and operating feedback in general.

The series also aims to provide access for all those interested in these issues to technical knowledge and information that has been properly established and that can be checked in the subject areas referred to, thereby applyingIRSN’s three core values, Knowledge, Independence, and Accessibility, as defined in its Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. We hope that this“Elements of nuclear safety, radiological protection and security” series, coordinated by Jean Couturier, will contribute disseminating knowledge, especially as a new generation of nuclear scientists and technicians takes over from the old. *

* *

IV

Elements of security and nonproliferation

This volume, on security (in the sense of protection against malicious acts) and non proliferation (in the sense of the“safeguards”undertaken by States within the framework of international treaties), is, in terms of the schedule, thefirst in the series.

At a time when a significant share of the electricity used within theEuropean Unionis produced by nuclear power plants, and given the international context of a serious terrorist threat, controlling nuclear and radiological security, and preventing the prolif eration of weapons of mass destruction are major issues for society.

Without disclosing any sensitive information, this work describes and explains the development and monitoring of the measures taken in France, Europe and internationally to protect nuclear material, the most hazardous radioactive sources and nuclear facilities themselves against malicious acts, whether these involve attempted sabotage or diversion. A publication covering in an overall picture the history, concepts, regulations, international agreements and the roles of the different players involved in these issues will undoubtedly prove invaluable.

IRSN’s central position as provider of technical support to the French authorities in the areas of safety, security and radiological protection means that it has an integral view over all nuclear risks and can correlate expertise and knowledge in these different areas with a view to assessing security issues in relation to safety and radiological protection issues. In the conclusions of thethird nuclear security summitheld in The Hague on March 25, 2014, the Heads of State reiterated that nuclear safety and security initiatives should be mutually supportive and work towards the common goal of protecting human health, society and the environment. As the public expert in these twofields,IRSNplays a central role in this initiative. In particular, I would like to thank Jean Jalouneix, ofIRSN’s Defense, Security and NonProliferation Division, for writing thisfirst work in the series. Jacques Repussard IRSNDirectorGeneral

The author

Jean Jalouneix, advisor on nuclear security to the Deputy Director General in charge of Defenserelated missions, worked for around 14 years in thefield of nuclear safety, notably on safety studies for the SUPERPHENIX reactor, and was involved in defining the safety options for the EPR. He then worked for around 16 years in thefield of nuclear security. He has been involved in drawing up the French regulations in this area, as well as international texts, including the revised version of theConvention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materialand nuclear facilities, and has been a contributing author to fundamental texts in theIAEA’s“Nuclear Security Series”.

Foreword

This work on nuclear security and nonproliferation draws on the knowledge and expertise developed at theFrench Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety(IRSN), which provides technical support in thesefields to the French authorities. The Institute shall not, however, be held liable for its contents. It is based on the collective work carried out in the areas of nuclear security and non proliferation by all the staff atIRSNand, more specifically, the staff belonging to the IRSN’s Nuclear Defense Expertise Division. Jean Jalouneix, who works forIRSN, is the key author of this work and also acted as project coordinator. The following authors contributed to the work: –Chapters1and2, Jacques Aurelle and the staff of the Technical Support and Study Department, including Pierre Funk and David Ladsous in particular; –Chapters3and4, the staff of the International Inspections Escort Department, including Romuald Bon Nguyen in particular. Georges Goué and Odile Lefèvre prepared the work for publication. Jean Couturier, Michel Brière and Daniel Quéniart were active contributors in proofreading the entire work.

Contents

Preface ..................................................................................................................................................

The author .......................................................................................................................................... Foreword .............................................................................................................................................

Introduction

1.1.

1.2. 1.3. 1.4.

.......................................................................................................................................

Chapter 1 Security of nuclear material, nuclear facilities and the transportation of nuclear material Background ............................................................................................................................... 1.1.1. Some definitions ...................................................................................................... 1.1.2. Interface between nuclear safety and nuclear security ......................... 1.1.3. Security culture ........................................................................................................ 1.1.4. Historical background ............................................................................................ 1.1.5. International context ............................................................................................. Guidelines regarding the French nuclear security system .................................. Risk management approach .............................................................................................. The government bodies involved ................................................................................... 1.4.1. French General Secretariat for Defense and National Security ........ 1.4.2. Minister for Energy ................................................................................................. 1.4.3. Minister of the Interior .........................................................................................

III

V

VII

XIII

1 1 2 4 5 6 10 11 13 14 14 14