Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 - "Dodwell" to "Drama"

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• Publié par: phouv
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 29
• Langue: English
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" Author: Various Release Date: June 9, 2010 [EBook #32758] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYC. BRITANNICA, VOL 8 SL 6 *** Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected. They appear in the text like this, and the explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked passage. Sections in Greek will yield a transliteration when the pointer is moved over them, and words using diacritic characters in the Latin Extended Additional block, which may not display in some fonts or browsers, will display an unaccented version. Links to other EB articles: Links to articles residing in other EB volumes will be made available when the respective volumes are introduced online. THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INFORMATION ELEVENTH EDITION VOLUME VIII SLICE VI Dodwell to Drama Articles in This Slice DODWELL, EDWARD DODWELL, HENRY DOG DOGE DOG-FISH DOGGER BANK DOGGETT THOMAS DOGMA DOGMATIC THEOLOGY DOGRA DOGS, ISLE OF DOG-TOOTH DOGWOOD DOL DOLABELLA, PUBLIUS CORNELIUS DOLBEN, JOHN DOLCE, LUDOVICO DOLCI, CARLO DOLDRUMS DÔLE DOLE DOLERITE DOLET, ÉTIENNE DOLGELLEY DOLGORUKI, VASILY LUKICH DOLHAIN DOLICHOCEPHALIC DOLL DOLLAR (town of Scotland) DOLLAR (money) DOLLING, ROBERT WILLIAM RADCLYFFE DÖLLINGER, JOHANN JOSEPH IGNAZ VON DOLLOND, JOHN DOLMAN DOLNJA TUZLA DOLOMIEU, TANCRÈDE GRATET DE DOLOMITE DOLOMITES, THE DOLPHIN DOMAT JEAN DOMBES DOMBROWSKI, JAN HENRYK DOME DOMENICHINO ZAMPIERI DOMESDAY BOOK DOMESTIC RELATIONS DOMETT, ALFRED DOMFRONT DOMICILE DOMINIC, SAINT DOMINICA DOMINICANS DOMINIS, MARCO ANTONIO DE DOMINOES DOMINUS DOMITIAN DOMRÉMY-LA-PUCELLE DON (river of Russia) DON (river of Scotland) DORLÉANS, LOUIS DORMER DORMITORY DORMOUSE DORNBIRN DORNBURG DORNER, ISAAC AUGUST DORNOCH DOROHOI DOROTHEUS D’ORSAY, ALFRED GUILLAUME GABRIEL DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF DORSETSHIRE DORSIVENTRAL DORT, SYNOD OF DORTMUND DORY DOSITHEUS MAGISTER DOSSAL DOSSERET DOST MAHOMMED KHAN DOSTOIEVSKY, FEODOR MIKHAILOVICH DOUAI DOUARNENEZ DOUBLE DOUBLE BASS DOUBLEDAY, ABNER DOUBLEDAY, THOMAS DOUBLET DOUBS (river of France) DOUBS (department of France) DOUCE, FRANCIS DOUGLAS DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES DOUGLAS, GAVIN DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD DOUGLAS, JOHN DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD DOUGLAS (capital of the Isle of Man) DOUGLAS (village of Scotland) DOUGLASS, FREDERICK DOUKHOBORS DOULLENS DOULTON, SIR HENRY DOUMER, PAUL DOUMIC, RENÉ DOUNE DOURO DOUROUCOULI DOUSA, JANUS DOUVILLE, JEAN BAPTISTE DOUW GERHARD DOVE (river of England) DOVE (bird) DOVER, GEORGE JAMES WELBORE AGAR-ELLIS DOVER, HENRY JERMYN DOVER, ROBERT DOVER (capital of Delaware, U.S.A.) DOVER (borough of Kent, England) DONAGHADEE DONALDSON, SIR JAMES DONALDSON, JOHN WILLIAM DONATELLO DONATI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA DONATION OF CONSTANTINE DONATISTS DONATUS, AELIUS DONAUWÖRTH DON BENÍTO DONCASTER DON COSSACKS, TERRITORY OF THE DONEGAL (county of Ireland) DONEGAL (town of Ireland) DONELSON, FORT DONGA DONGOLA (province of Sudan) DONGOLA (town of Sudan) DONIZETTI, GAETANO DONJON DON JUAN DONKIN, SIR RUFANE SHAW DONNAY, CHARLES MAURICE DONNE, JOHN DONNYBROOK DONOSO CORTÉS, JUAN DONOVAN, EDWARD DOOM DOON DE MAYENCE DOOR DOORWAY DOPPLERITE DORAN, JOHN DORAT, CLAUDE JOSEPH DORCHESTER, DUDLEY CARLETON DORCHESTER, GUY CARLETON DORCHESTER (town of England) DORCHESTER (village of England) DORCHESTER (district of Boston, U.S.A.) DORDOGNE (river of France) DORDOGNE (department of France) DORDRECHT DORÉ, LOUIS AUGUSTE GUSTAVE DORIA, ANDREA DORIANS DORIA-PAMPHILII-LANDI DORION, SIR ANTOINE AIMÉ DORIS DORISLAUS, ISAAC DORKING DOVER (city of New Hampshire, U.S.A.) DOVER (town of New Jersey, U.S.A.) DOVERCOURT DOW, LORENZO DOW, NEAL DOWAGER DOWDEN, EDWARD DOWDESWELL, WILLIAM DOWER DOWIE, JOHN ALEXANDER DOWLAS DOWN (county of Ireland) DOWN (smooth rounded hill) DOWNES ANDREW DOWNING, SIR GEORGE DOWNMAN, JOHN DOWNPATRICK DOWNS DOWNSHIRE, WILLS HILL DOWRY DOWSER and DOWSING DOXOLOGY DOYEN, GABRIEL FRANÇOIS DOYLE, SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE, SIR FRANCIS HASTINGS CHARLES DOYLE, JOHN ANDREW DOYLE, RICHARD DOZSA, GYÖRGY DOZY, REINHART PIETER ANNE DRACAENA DRACHMANN, HOLGER HENRIK HERBOLDT DRACO (Athenian statesman) DRACO (constellation) DRACONTIUS, BLOSSIUS AEMILIUS DRAFTED MASONRY DRAG DRAGASHANI DRAGOMAN DRAGOMIROV, MICHAEL IVANOVICH DRAGON DRAGONETTI, DOMENICO DRAGON-FLY DRAGON’S BLOOD DRAGOON DRAGUIGNAN DRAINAGE OF LAND DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS DRAKE, NATHAN DRAKENBORCH, ARNOLD DRAKENSBERG DRAMA (part) DODWELL, EDWARD (1767-1832), English traveller and writer on archaeology. He belonged to the same family as Henry Dodwell the theologian, and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He travelled from 1801 to 1806 in Greece, and spent the rest of his life for the most part in Italy, at Naples and Rome. He died at Rome on the 13th of May 1832, from the effects of an illness contracted in 1830 during a visit of exploration to the Sabine Mountains. His widow, a daughter of Count Giraud, thirty years his junior, subsequently became famous as the “beautiful” countess of Spaur, and played a considerable rôle in the political life of the papal city. He published A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece (1819), of which a German translation appeared in 1821; Views in Greece, thirty coloured plates (1821); and Views and Descriptions of Cyclopian or Pelasgic Remains in Italy and Greece (London and Paris, with French text, 1834). 374 DODWELL, HENRY (1641-1711), scholar, theologian and controversial writer, was born at Dublin in October, 1641. His father, having lost his property in Connaught during the rebellion, settled at York in 1648. Here Henry received his preliminary education at the free school. In 1654 he was sent by his uncle to Trinity College, Dublin, of which he subsequently became scholar and fellow. Having conscientious objections to taking orders he relinquished his fellowship in 1666, but in 1688 he was elected Camden professor of history at Oxford. In 1691 he was deprived of his professorship for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary. Retiring to Shottesbrooke in Berkshire, and living on the produce of a small estate in Ireland, he devoted himself to the study of chronology and ecclesiastical polity. Gibbon speaks of his learning as “immense,” and says that his “skill in employing facts is equal to his learning,” although he severely criticizes his method and style. Dodwell’s works on ecclesiastical polity are more numerous and of much less value than those on chronology, his judgment being far inferior to his power of research. In his earlier writings he was regarded as one of the greatest champions of the non-jurors; but the doctrine which he afterwards promulgated, that the soul is naturally mortal, and that immortality could be enjoyed only by those who had received baptism from the hands of one set of regularly ordained clergy, and was therefore a privilege from which dissenters were hopelessly excluded, did not strengthen his reputation. Dodwell died at Shottesbrooke on the 7th of June 1711. His chief works on classical chronology are: A Discourse concerning Sanchoniathon’s Phoenician History (1681); Annales Thucydidei et Xenophontei (1702); Chronologia Graeco-Romana pro hypothesibus Dion. Halicarnassei (1692); Annales Velleiani, Quintilianei, Statiani (1698); and a larger treatise entitled De veteribus Graecorum Romanorumque Cyclis (1701). His eldest son Henry (d. 1784) is known as the author of a pamphlet entitled Christianity not founded on Argument , to which a reply was published by his brother William (1709-1785), who was besides engaged in a controversy with Dr Conyers Middleton on the subject of miracles. See The Works of H. D. ... abridg’d with an account of his life , by F. Brokesby (2nd ed., 1723) and Thomas Hearne’s Diaries. DOG, the English generic term for the quadruped of the domesticated variety of Canis (Fr. chien). The etymology of the word is unknown; “hound” represents the common Teutonic term (Ger. Hund), and it is suggested that the “English dog”—for this was a regular phrase in continental European countries—represented a special breed. Most canine experts believe that the dog is descended from the wolf, although zoologists are less certain (see C ARNIVORA ); the osteology of one does not differ materially from that of the other: the dog and the wolf breed with each other, and the progeny thus obtained will again breed with the dog. There is one circumstance, however, which seems to mark a difference between the two animals: the eye of the dog of every country and species has a circular pupil, but the position or form of the pupil is oblique in the wolf. W. Youatt says there is also a marked difference in the temper and habits of the two. The dog is generally easily managed, and although H. C. Brooke of Welling, Kent, succeeded in making a wolf fairly tractable, the experience of others has been the reverse of encouraging. G. Cuvier gives an interesting account of a young wolf which, having been trained to follow his master, showed affection and submission scarcely inferior to the domesticated dog. During the absence from home of his owner the wolf was sent to a menagerie, but pined for his master and would scarcely take any food for a considerable time. At length, however, he became attached to his keepers and appeared to have forgotten his former a