A. Document concerning the Birth of Iskandar Muda - article ; n°1 ; vol.20, pg 213-224

Teuku Iskandar

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Archipel - Année 1980 - Volume 20 - Numéro 1 - Pages 213-224
12 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.

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• Publié par: ARCHIPEL0
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1980
• Nombre de lectures: 61
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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Teuku Iskandar
A. Document concerning the Birth of Iskandar Muda
In: Archipel. Volume 20, 1980. pp. 213-224.
Citer ce document / Cite this document :
Iskandar Teuku. A. Document concerning the Birth of Iskandar Muda. In: Archipel. Volume 20, 1980. pp. 213-224.
doi : 10.3406/arch.1980.1602
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1980_num_20_1_1602EVENEMENTIELLE - HISTOIRE
HISTOIRE SOCIALE
A DOCUMENT CONCERNING THE BIRTH OF ISKANDAR MUDA
by Teuku ISKANDAR
Malay historical writings usually start their account of the life of
a ruler from the time he ascends the throne. A description of a future
ruler has never been noted. Many writings do mention the names of
children of a particular ruler, stating that at a certain time, one of
them became a successor to his father. This account is then followed
by a description of the rule of the new sultan.
Only here and there do we find an account of a crown-prince given
in passing, mostly in connection with other important events. For in
stance, in Sejarah Melayu. the story told of Raja Muhammad, son of
Sultan Mansur Syah of Malacca (1459-1477), who was destined for
the throne but killed a son of the Bendahara Paduka Raja and was
banished and made sultan of Pahang (1). The purpose of this episode
of Sejarah Melayu is not to give an account of the youth of this prince,
but to give an explanation why Sultan Mansur Syah chose another
son as his successor to the throne of Malacca and to furnish the Pahang
royal family with an account of its origin.
The same can be said of the story of Sultan Bungsu, a prince of
Pahang, who married a daughter of Sultan Iskandar Muda of Aceh.
This account is given in Bustanus-Salatin not for the purpose of the
story of the youth of the prince who was later to become Sultan Iskan
dar Thani, but as an explanation why this foreigner was chosen by
his father in law to become ruler of the sultanate of Aceh (2).
(l) The Malay Annals or Sejarah Melayu, ed. Sir R.O. Winstedt, JMBRAS Vol. XVI
3, 1938, pp. 124-125.
(L>) Bustanu's-Salatin, ed. T. Isk?ndar, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur,
1966.- .
214
Even less likely to be found than the account of the youth of a
future ruler, is the date of his birth. Up till now, there has been no
document which has given the date of birth of a crownprince.
One of the outstanding figures in Malay historical writings is Sul
tan Iskandar 'Muda, the most famous of all Achehnese rulers (1607-
1636). The historical writings which deal with his youth are an except
ion to the usual practice mentioned above. About this sultan, several
books have been written. The Achehnese Hikayat Pôteumeureuhôm
Meukuta Alam of which Hikayat Sultan Aceh Marhum is the Malay
version, is based on oral tradition. Hikayat M além Dagang, a written
work, tells us of the wars of Iskandar Muda against the sultanate of
Johore, in which his admiral Malém Dagang played an important role.
Hikayat Aceh relates his genealogies from his father's and mother's
side : there too, the marriage of his parents is told in great detail.
The hikayat also gives an account of his birth and his childhood is
described from year to year. Nevertheless, the date of his birth is not
mentioned in this extraordinary work. This gap may be filled by a
document kept in the library of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in
Kuala Lumpur.
The list of the manuscripts and photos acquired by Universiti Ke
bangsaan, among which this document is found, is made by the former
owner as below, in the former Indonesian spelling :
Daftar Naskah dan Photo
1. Salsilah Sultan2 Atjeh dan ramalan2.
2. Sedjarah Atjeh jang berkaitan dengan Johor, Perak dan Pahang
dan mengenai Atjeh . Sjahrunnawi.
3. Peta Atjeh dan susunan kabinet.
4. Satu buku mengenai tarak hulubalang, antara lain terdapat nama2 :
a. Paduka Radja Pirak,
b. Bintara Sri Lila Raja Pirak,
c. Sri Samara Kedjrun urang Kedah,
d. Bintara Sri Lila Radja Pirak,
e. Tendil Budjang Kedah,
dan mengenai hukum laut dan dagang.
5. 1 (satu) lembar lepas mengenai susunan wazir2 (dan) mengenai
hukum gala (gadai).
6. 1 (satu) lembar lepas mengenai kutipan dari Tadzkirat jang isinja
nasihat Iskandar Muda kepada pegawai2 Kerajaan. 215
7. 1 (satu) lembar lepas mengenai ilmu2 (Islam).
8. 1 (satu) lepas hukum.
9. 1 lembar lepas mengenai hukum memahalkan barang ma-
kanan dan pakaian dan kapal2 jang berlajar ke
Atjeh manakala rusak dalam pelajaran.
10. 1 (satu) lembar lepas mengenai larangan mengadjar ilmu diluar.
11. 1 lem/bar lepas hukum mengikat hewan dan he-
wan2 jang akibatnja binasa manusia.
12. Sedjarah Radja-radja Atjeh termasuk Sulthan Alaidin Pirak dan
Sultan Iskandar Thani.
13. 1 (satu) lembaran besar mengenai qanun Sjara' keradjaan Atjeh
kutipan dari Tadzkirat Thabaqat.
14. 1 (satu) lêmbaran lepas sedang, mengenai hukum Islam.
15. 1 buku mengenai hari bulan lahir Sulthan Iskandar Muda
jaitu padaizaman Keradjaan Sulthan Alaidin Manshur Shah ibnu
Ahmad Shah Radja Pirak.
16. 1 (satu) set photo maqam Sultan jang terletak dikampung Pandee,
Atjeh Besar, Kuta Radja.
17. 3 (tiga) lembar masing2 mengenai :
a. nama2 alim ulama dalam madjelis Iskandar Muda,
b. djenis2 asal bangsa di Atjeh dan ramalan tentang hasil bumi
dan penggali hasil bumi,
c. sja'ir Sjech Abdul Rahid.
Number 15, entitled 1 (satu) buku mengenai hari bulan lahir Sul-
ihan Iskandar Muda jaitu pack zaman keradjaan Sultan Alaidin Man
shur Shah ibnu Ahmad Shah Radja Pirak, is in fact a manuscript con
taining several writings.
folio 1 verso : a fragment of an Achehnese law dealing with the
counterfeiting of money ;
f.l r.-f.l7 r. : a treatise on the Friday salat by Daud bin Abdullah
Fatani ;
f.17 v. (line 1-3) : a treatise on the jiqh ;
f.17 v. (line 3)-f. 18 r. : a document on the birth of Sultan Iskan
dar Muda.
f.18 v.-f.l9 v. : a contract between Sultan Ahmad Syah and the
Jamal-Lail family ;
f.20 r.-f.2O v.: unidentified." .
.
,
216
In the margin are found:
f .1 v. : a fragment of a treatise on cap sikureuëng ;
• i Z r. : a gragment of a on iman and tawhid ;
f.3 r.-f.4 r. : a treatise on the 4 mazhabs, ownership, and punish
ment for stealing;
' f.20 v. : punishment for trouble makers. .
The. document on, f.l7v.-18r. is an excerpt from Kanun Makota
Alam (Mukhtazar Tadzkirat Qanun Makota Alam) and copied by Wa-
zir al-Sabil al-Mujahid Amir al-Hiqmah al-Ulama' Teungku di-Mulik,
Sayyid Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Abdul-Rahman ibn Usman ibn
Hassan ibn Wandi Mulik, Sayyidi Lela al-Habib Syarif Abdullah ibn
Sayyid al-Habib Syarif Ibrahim Sultan Jamal' al- Alam Badr
Munir al-Jamal-Lail.
No date for the copying of this document is mentioned. But this
writing is followed by a contract between Sultan Ahmad ,Syah and the
Jamal-Lail family relating to an amount of money and gold collected
by the members cf the Jamal-Lail family and given to the writer of
this contract for the purpose of the holy war (perang sabil), that is
the Dutch Achehnese war (1873-1903). The Jamal-Lail family is a cla
imant to the throne.
This contract is written by the copyist of the document concerning
the birth of Iskandar Muda, Teungku di Mulik, who himself is a member
of the Jamal-Lail family. The date of. the above mentioned contract is
Asyura of the month of Muharram, 1290 Hijrah, or the 10th. of March
1873, the year the Dutch- Achehnese war started. Because both docu
ments are written by the same person, we can assume that the excerpt
from the Kanun Makota Alam was made on the same date.
The content of the above mentioned document is as follows :
I ' That on Monday the 12th of Rabi'ul-Awal 999 Hijrah, a child was
born by the name of Abdullah Sulaiman ibn Mansur.
II That the child was born during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Mans
ur Syah ibn Ahmad Syah of Perak.
III That at the age of 7 days, the aqiqah was performed at which oc
casion several names were given to that child :
a. Sultan Alaud-Din Manshr Syah of Perak named him : Pochut
Abdullah Sulaiman Mansur ;
b. Syaikh Abu'l-Khair called him Iskandar Muda Mansur al-Asyi ;
c.Muhammad Yamin called' him Makota Alam. Mansur ; "
":miJ&
Universiti Kebangsaan, MS 15, f. 17v.-18r. 218
d. The other ulama's said: this is Malik al-Asyi Mansur Ri'ayat;
e. Ministers and other officials exclaimed : this is our lord who
gives faith to these lands below the wind, Makota Alam Iskandar
Muda Perkasa alam Syah al-Kuat ;
f. Syaikh Nurud-Din called him : Sultan Alaud-Din Makota Alam
Iskandar Muda Perkasa Alam Syah al-Kuat.
The page ends with the name of the writer (folio 18 recto) without a
date. The following page (folio 18 verso) beginning with : Tarikh pada
tahun Hijrah seribu dua ratuâ sembilan puluh (1290) pada bulan Mu-
harram hari Asyura, 'bahwasanya &ekalian anak-cucu kaum keluarga
yang turun-temurun daripada Paduka Seri Sultan Alaud-Din Jamal
al-Alam Badr Munir al-Jatnal-Lail semuanya mengumpulkan rial 'ba-
nyaknya tujuh ratus lima puluh tahil .... belongs to anoth