“Bound” residues from biomass and CO2 in soils [Elektronische Ressource] : formation, fate and stability during biotic incubation / Karolina Malgorzata Nowak

Karolina Nowak

Informations

• Publié par: rheinisch-westfalischen_technischen_hochschule_-rwth-_aachen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 20
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

“Bound” residues from biomass and CO in soils – formation, fate 2
and stability during biotic incubation







Von der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften der RWTH Aachen
University zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften
genehmigte Dissertation




vorgelegt von
Diplom-Ingenieurin im Umweltschutz



Karolina Malgorzata Nowak

aus Olsztyn, Polen



Berichter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Andreas Schäffer
Prof. Dr. Matthias Kästner







Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 21. März 2011


Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliotek.
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliograpfie; detailed
bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.















Publisher and Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltsforschung – UFZ
Distributor: Bibliothek
Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig
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Copyright: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltsforschung – UFZ, Leipzig, 2011





D 82 (Diss., RWTH Aachen, Univ., 2011)
ISSN 1860-0387











The complete volume is freely available on the internet at: http://www.ufz.de/index.php?de=5903






Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Parts of this thesis have been published or are submitted for
publication in scientific journals:

NOWAK, K.M.; MILTNER, A.; GEHRE, M.; SCHÄFFER, A.; KÄSTNER, M. 2011. Formation and
fate of bound residues from microbial biomass during 2,4-D degradation in soil. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 45, 999–1006;

NOWAK, K.M.; GIRARDI, C.; MILTNER, A.; GEHRE, M.; SCHÄFFER, A.; KÄSTNER, M. M. Non-
extractable biogenic residue formation during biodegradation of a pharmaceutical in soil,
submitted;

GIRARDI, C.; NOWAK, K.M.; LEWKOW, B.; MILTNER, A.; GEHRE, M.; SCHÄFFER, A.;
KÄSTNER, M. Comparison of microbial degradation of the C-isotope-labelled pharmaceutical
ibuprofen and the herbicide 2,4-D in water and soil, submitted.






























This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my father,
Prof. Dr. habil. Grzegorz Nowak (1946 – 2002),
who inspired my fascination in environmental science



















LIST OF CONTENTS VII
LIST OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................................VII
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................ .X
SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... XIII
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ................................................................................................... ..XV
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
2 STATE OF THE ART......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Complexity of the soil system ...................................................................................... 3
2.2 Microbial activity in the soil ........................................................................................ 6
2.2.1 Natural organic compounds biodegradation in soil........................................................ 9
2.2.2 Anthropogenic organic com.......................................... 10
2.3 Bioavailability of organic contaminants in soil 11
2.4 Definition of the non-extractable residues (NER) ................................................... 14
2.5 Determination of NER in soil .................................................................................... 15
2.6 Formation of NER in soil........................................................................................... 16
2.6.1 Parent compounds and metabolites ........................................................................................ 17
2.6.2 Components of microbial biomass (Fatty acids and amino acids)................................ 19
2.7 Stability of NER in soil............................................................................................... 23
2.8 Risk assessment of NER............................................................................................. 25
3 AIMS OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................... 29
4 MODEL COMPOUNDS................................................................................................... 31
4.1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).................................................................... 31
4.2 Ibuprofen (Ibu) ........................................................................................................... 34 VIII LIST OF CONTENTS
5 MATERIAL AND METHODS ........................................................................................ 37
5.1 Chemicals and materials............................................................................................ 37
5.2 Liquid culture experiments ....................................................................................... 38
5.2.1 Strain ............................................................................................................................................... 38
5.2.2 Medium............ 39
5.2.3 Preculture incubation.................................................................................................................. 39
135.2.4 Incubation experiment with C -2,4-D ................................................................................ 40 6
135.2.5 ent under CO atmosphere ................................................................ 41 2
5.3 Soil experiments.......................................................................................................... 42
5.3.1 Soil................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.3.2 Incubation experiment................................................................................................................ 43
135.3.3 Soil incubation experiment with C -2,4-D........................................................................ 44 6
135.3.4 Soil incubation experiment under CO atmosphere ....................................................... 44 2
135.3.5 Soil incubation experiment with C -ibu............................................................................. 45 6
5.4 Chemical analyses ..................................................................................................................... 45
5.4.1 CO measurement ........................................................................................................................ 46 2
5.4.2 Parent compound and metabolites measurement ............................................................... 46
5.4.3 Total biomass and NER measurement .................................................................................. 47
5.4.4 Fatty acids (FA) analyses .......................................................................................................... 48
5.4.5 Amino acids (AA) analyses...................................................................................................... 50
5.5 Data analyses............................................................................................................................... 52
6 RESULTS........................................................................................................................... 53
6.1 Liquid culture experiments ....................................................................................... 53
136.1.1 Incubation experiment with C -2,4-D ................................................................................ 53 6
136.1.1.1 Mass balance of C -2,4-D in the system ............................................................................ 54 6
13 136.1.1.2 Incorporation of C into PLFA of C. necator JMP 134 grown on C -2,4-D.......... 56 6
13 136.1.1.3 Incorporation of C into AA of C -2,4-D .............. 56 6
136.1.2 Incubation experiment under CO