Dynamic object analysis in echo imaging [Elektronische Ressource] / Daria Genzel

Daria Genzel

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 36
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Erstgutachter: PD Dr. Lutz Wiegrebe
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Benedikt Grothe
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 08. April 2008






DYNAMIC OBJECT ANALYSIS IN ECHO IMAGING


DISSERTATION
AM DEPARTMENT BIOLOGIE II
DER FAKULTÄT FÜR BIOLOGIE

LUDWIG-MAXIMILIAN-UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN




DARIA GENZEL
NOVEMBER 2007
MÜNCHEN

















TO GRIZZLY, MADL, PANCAKE AND AN EVIL MONKEY
INDEX
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG.......................................................................................................................1
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................4
GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................7
PART I: DYNAMIC OBJECT ANALYSIS .........................................................................................12
1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................13
Experimental animal .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Experimental goal................... 17
1.1 Time-variant spectral peak and notch detection in echolocation-call sequences in bats ................. 18
1.1.1 Material and Methods....................................................................................................................... 19
1.1.1.1 Experiment 1: time-variant peak detection................................................................................ 19
Animals.. 19
Experimental setup................................................................................................................ 19
Stimuli.... 20
Procedure.............................................................................................................................. 21
1.1.1.2 Experiment 2: time-variant notch detection............................................................................... 22
Stimuli.... 22
1.1.2 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 24
1.1.2.1 Experiment 1: time-variant peak detection 24
1.1.2.2 Experiment 2: time-variant notch detection 27
1.1.3 Discussion............ 28
Threshold value ............................................................................................................................. 29
Modulation-rate independency...................................................................................................... 29
Comparison of peak- and notch thresholds ................................................................................... 31
1.1.4 Conclusion........... 32
1.2 Evaluation of holographic echo-acoustic images by echolocating bats ............................................. 33
1.2.1 Material and Methods....................................................................................................................... 34
Animals........... 34
Experimental setup ........................................................................................................................ 34
Stimuli............. 35
Procedure....... 38
Echo-acoustic Calibration............................................................................................................. 40
1.2.2 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 41
Psychoacoustic results................................................................................................................... 41
Analysis of flight patterns of the bats around the VO units ........................................................... 44
Sound analysis 46
1.2.3 Discussion............ 48
Difference between the ACT and TRIG condition on the one hand and the PAS condition on the
other hand....... 48
Comparison to fluttering-target investigations.............................................................................. 48
Discussion of ensonification-correlated movements...................................................................... 49
1.2.4 Outlook................ 51
PART II: OBJECT SIZE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 52
2 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 53
2.1 Echo-acoustic object normalization in the bat, Phyllostomus discolor, and in humans.................. 56
2.1.1 Material and Methods ...................................................................................................................... 58
2.1.1.1 Experiment 1: size-invariant object recognition........................................................................ 58
Animals.................................................................................................................................. 58
Experimental setup ................................................................................................................ 59
Objects........... 59
Procedure........ 60
2.1.1.2 Experiment 2: control experiment............................................................................................. 61
Objects........... 61
Procedure .............................................................................................................................. 61
2.1.1.3 Experiment 3: size-invariant IR recognition ............................................................................. 61
Subjects.................................................................................................................................. 61
Experimental setup... 61
Echo-acoustic objects............................................................................................................ 62
Stimuli............ 63
Procedure........ 64
2.1.2 Results................................................................................................................................................ 65
2.1.2.1 Experiment 1: size-invariant object recognition........................................................................ 65
2.1.2.2 Model: spectral or temporal pattern recognizer......................................................................... 66
2.1.2.3 Experiment 2: control................................................................................................................ 68
2.1.2.4 Experiment 3: size-invariant IR recognition ............................................................................. 69
2.1.3 Discussion........... 70
Echo-acoustic object size analysis ................................................................................................ 71
Evaluation of scaled sounds in humans......................................................................................... 72
Comparison between bat and human performance....................................................................... 74
GENERAL DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................. 79
APPENDIX I..... 82
The effect of virtual echo-acoustic objects on free flying bats.......................................................................... 82
Material and Methods..................................................................................................................................... 87
Animals.......................... 87
Experimental setup........ 87
Stimuli........................... 87
Technical setup.............. 87
Procedure...................... 88
REFERENCES... 90
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................. 101
CURRICULUM VITAE .................................................................................................................... 102
PUBLICATION LIST........................................................................................................................ 104
EHRENWÖRTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG ...........................................................................