Essays in Labor Economics [Elektronische Ressource] / Juliane Parys. Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät

Juliane Parys

Informations

• Publié par: rheinische_friedrich-wilhelms-universitat_bonn
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: Deutsch

Extrait

Essays in Labor Economics
Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors
der Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften
durch die
Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät
der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Bonn
vorgelegt von
Juliane Parys
aus Köthen
Bonn 2011Dekan: Prof. Dr. Klaus Sandmann
Erstreferent: Prof. Dr. Jörg Breitung
Zweitreferent: Prof. David A. Jaeger, Ph.D.
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 04.10.2011
Diese Dissertation ist auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver der ULB Bonn
(http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online) elektronisch publiziert.
iiTo my parents, my sister, and Omi for their love and support.
iiiivContents
Introduction 1
1 High-Skilled Migration to a Low Income-Dispersion Economy - East
Germany after Reunification 7
1.1 Introduction to Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Historic Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.5 West–East Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.5.1 Estimating the Model Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.5.2 Characterizing Migrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.5.3 Income and Skill Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.6 Return Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.6.1 Income Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.6.2 Remigrating or Not? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.7 Discussion of Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Appendix 1.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.A.1 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.A.2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2 Efficient Intra-Household Allocation of Parental Leave 54
2.1 Introduction to Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
v2.2 A Collective Model of Parental Leave Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.2.1 Unitary versus Collective Household Models . . . . . . . 57
2.2.2 Model Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.2.3 A Collective Model of Parental Leave Sharing . . . . . . 63
2.3 Legal Background and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.3.1 The German Parental Benefit Legislation . . . . . . . . . 68
2.3.2 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.4 Empirical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4.1 Econometric Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4.2 Tests of Collective Rationality in Childcare Sharing . . . . 72
2.4.3 Empirical Intra-Household Allocation of Parental Leave . 81
2.5 Conclusion of Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Appendix 2.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.A.1 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.A.2 Proofs to Section 2.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
2.A.3 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3 Base-Rate Stickiness and Discrimination 101
3.1 Introduction to Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.2 Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.3 Experimental Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.4.1 Gender Differences in Evaluations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
3.4.2 Influence of Self-Confidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.5 Simulating the Glass Ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.6 Conclusion of Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Appendix 3.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.A.1 Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.A.2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Bibliography 142
viviiList of Figures
1.1 Time Line for a Migrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2 Skill Sorting and Return Migration under Conditions (1.6) and (1.7) 20
b1.3 Estimated Coefficients from Table 1.5, Columns 1 and 2 . . . . 30k
b1.4 Coefficients from Table 1.5, 3 and 4 . . . . 31k
b1.5 Estimated Coefficients from Table 1.7, Columns 1 and 2 . . . . 31k
b1.6 Coefficients from Table 1.7, 3 and 4 . . . . 31k
b~1.7 Estimated Coefficients from Table 1.8, Columns 1 and 2 . . . 330k
b~1.8 Coefficients from Table 1.8, 3 and 4 . . . 331k
b1.9 Estimated Coefficients from Table 1.9, Columns 1 and 2 . . . 36Rk
b1.10 Coefficients from Table 1.9, 3 and 4 . . . 36Rk
1.11 Estimates of" and! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.12 Examples for Occupational Skill-Level Categories . . . . . . . . 41
2.1 Unitary versus Collective Model I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.2 Unitary versus Collective Model II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.3 Unitary versus Collective Model III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.4 Unitary versus Collective Model IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.1 Example of a Mental Rotation Task Presented to the Subjects . . . 107
3.2 Evaluations by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
3.3 Ev by Level of Self-Confidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
viiiixList of Tables
1.1 Summary Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.2 Base Income and Return to Skills in West and East Germany . . . 43
1.3 Characteristics in 1992 by Migration Status . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.4 Characterizing Migrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.5 West–East Migration Event Study - Log Income . . . . . . . . . . 45
1.6 West–East Event Study - Non-Censored Log Income . . 46
1.7 West–East Migration Event Study - Level Income and Income Per-
centile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
1.8 West–East Migration Event Study - Change in Skill Level . . . . . 48
1.9 West–East and Return - Log Income . . . . . . . . . . 49
1.10 West–East Migration and Return - Non-Censored Log Income . . 51
2.1 Composition of Households that Use Parental Benefit . . . . . . . 93
2.2 Duration of Parental Benefit Use by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.3 Average Benefit Duration among Leave Takers by Monthly Net
Income and Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.4 Summary Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
2.5 Tests of Collective Rationality in Parental Leave Sharing . . . . . 95
2.6 Income Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.7 z-Conditional Demands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2.8 First Birth Restricted Sample and Tobit Estimations . . . . . . . . 98
2.9 Professional Childcare Use Estimations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
x