Oxidative chlorination of methane over LaCl_1tn3-based catalysts [Elektronische Ressource] / Elvira Theresia Peringer

Balkrishna Tope

Informations

• Publié par: technische_universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Technische Universität München
Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II



Oxidative chlorination of methane over LaCl -3
based catalysts


Elvira Theresia Peringer


Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Chemie
der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines
Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.)
genehmigten Dissertation.




Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. K.-O. Hinrichsen
Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. A. Lercher
2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. U. K. Heiz



Die Dissertation wurde am 06.05.2008 bei der Technischen Universität München
eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Chemie am 23.06.2008 angenommen.























„Man merkt nie, was schon getan wurde...
Man sieht immer nur, was noch zu tun bleibt...“

Marie Curie Acknowledgment

Now that my time as a PhD student comes to an end, it is time to look back on the
probably most challenging period of my life and to express my gratitude to all those who
accompanied and helped me during the last four years.

First, I would like to thank Johannes (Prof. J.A. Lercher) for giving me the chance to
work in his international team and an exciting project. Thank you for all your guidance,
patience, helpful and critical discussions. This period has been an important part of my
life and I have enjoyed it very much. Thank you for giving me also the opportunities to
join several national and international conferences as well as to spend a research visit at
the University of Utrecht.

I would also like to express my great gratitude to Angeliki (Prof. A. Lemonidou) who
spent many hours on reading, discussing and correcting my thesis, even though I’m not
one of her students.

It would not have been possible or would have been very difficult to finish these four
years without the help of Xaver. He taught me how to operate my reactor system, the GC
and especially how to solve the numerous problems. With your help I learned to keep
cool about pressure drops, gas leaks, missing compounds in my GC analysis... I also
enjoyed our trips with the canoe and gourmet trips to the French restaurant.

I would like to express my gratitude also to my diploma students who contributed to this
work, e.g. Chirag Tejuja. Sorry that I trouble you by providing you a bicycle during your
stay in Garching. Thank you very much for being our guide in Bombay. Markus Hutt, for
your very creative interpretations. Sometimes a bit too abstract ;)

Of course I would also like to thank my project partners at The DOW Chemical
Company in Midland and in particular Simon Podkolzin for the stimulating telephone
discussions and the work on two joint publications.
Life would not have been easy without my wonderful friends in the TC-II group. Thank
you Virginia and Benjamin for being very good friends and the many unforgettable and
funny moments we had in our exclave-office. These memories and especially the
“Spacko”-videos will always raise a smile into my face ☺. But I also want to mention the
“gourmet” chef Andi. I will miss the dinners we had at your home and the moments
sitting on the TCII balcony with a cup of coffee and discussion about life in general.
Special thank goes also to Chintan and Kushbuh, your family and friends for your great
hospitality in India. Thanks to all the other colleagues at the institute making the last four
years comfortable: Wolfgang, Kaufi, Lay Hwa, my part-time roommate and shifting
together with me always the submission date, Michael, who was a big help in the last
months, my Chinese friends Chen, Dechao and Herui, who taught me some Chinese
words and how to make delicious dumplings, my sports partner Manuel, Ana, Aonsurang,
Prado, Felix, Hendrik, Richard, Manuela, Philipp, Rino, Krishna, Olga, Christian,
Florencia, Peter, Praveen, Carsten, Oliver, Stefan, Frederick, Helen and Steffi, the
sunshine of TCII, Martin for AAS and SEM measurements, Andreas Marx for solving all
my electronic and computer problems.

Last but not least, I would like to thank Christoph, my parents, my sister and brothers,
Malena and Leander. Danke Mama und Papa, dass ihr mich immer unterstützt habt.
Christoph, vielen Dank für deine Liebe, Vertrauen und Unterstützung. Auch wenn wir
nicht immer viel Zeit für einander hatten, so haben mir die wenigen gemeinsamen Zeiten,
doch viel Kraft gegeben. Malena und Leander, das Spielen mit euch, war jederzeit eine
schöne Ablenkung. Ich möchte mich außerdem auch noch bei meinen Freunden
außerhalb von TCII bedanken, die mich immer unterstützt haben, die auch immer für
mich da waren. Danke Margit, Daniela, Martin und Christian!

Es war eine schöne Zeit und ich gehe mit einem lachenden und einem weinenden Auge!

Elvira
Mai 2008 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 General Introduction......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Motivation................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Fundamentals of C-H bond activation ................................................................... 6
1.3 Catalytic processes for the C-H bond activation ................................................... 8
1.3.1 Methane oxidation to synthesis gas........................................................................ 8
1.4 Direct activation of methane ................................................................................. 10
1.4.1 Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) ............................................................... 10
1.4.2 Direct chlorination of methane............................................................................. 11
1.4.3 Methane conversion to methyl chloride via Oxyhydrochlorination (OHC)......... 13
1.5 Characterization of the studied catalysts for oxidative chlorination of CH .... 18 4
1.5.1 Lanthanum oxychloride........................................................................................ 18
1.5.2 chloride.............................................................................................. 19
1.5.3 Acid and base properties of LaOCl and LaCl ..................................................... 21 3
1.5.4 Catalytic activity of LaOCl and LaCl ................................................................. 23 3
1.5.4.1 Catalytic destruction of chlorinated C1 hydrocarbons................................. 23
1.6 Methyl chloride an important feedstock for industry......................................... 26
1.7 Scope of the thesis................................................................................................... 28
1.8 References ............................................................................................................... 29

2 Experimental Section ...................................................................................................... 33
2.1 Catalytic reactor..................................................................................................... 34
2.2 Product analysis 35
2.3 Evaluation of kinetic data...................................................................................... 38

3 Reaction network of oxidative chlorination of methane over lanthanum-based
catalysts.................................................................................................................................... 39
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 40
3.2 Experimental........................................................................................................... 42
i Table of Contents
3.2.1 Catalyst preparation.............................................................................................. 42
3.2.2 Physicochemical characterization ........................................................................ 42
3.2.3 Catalytic tests ....................................................................................................... 43
3.2.4 Pulse and Raman measurements .......................................................................... 44
3.2.5 DFT calculations .................................................................................................. 44
3.3 Results ..................................................................................................................... 45
3.3.1 Physicochemical characterization ........................................................................ 45
3.3.1.1 LaOCl precursor........................................................................................... 45
3.3.1.2 Lanthanum chloride.................................