Past and current mangrove dynamics on the Bragança Peninsula, Northern Brazil [Elektronische Ressource] / Marcelo Cancela Lisboa Cohen

Marcelo

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_bremen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 7
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

PAST AND CURRENT MANGROVE
DYNAMICS ON THE BRAGANÇA
PENINSULA, NORTHERN BRAZIL


Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades


Marcelo Cancela Lisboa Cohen
















angefertigt am
Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie
innerhalb des Fachbereichs 2
der Universität Bremen

2003





















































Erster Gutachter: PD. Dr. Hermann Behling, ZMT an der Universität Bremen
Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Saint-Paul, ZMT an der Universität Bremen Acknowledgement

Special appreciation is expressed to PD Dr. Hermann Behling for supervising my thesis
and to Prof. Dr. Ulrich Saint-Paul for offering excellent conditions in his working group
at the Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie (ZMT) in Bremen (Germany).
I am pleasure to acknowledge the support by PD Dr. Rubén Lara. He provided
scientific assistance throughout the whole course of this work.
I like to appreciate the assistance of Dipl. Ing. Andreas Hanning during the field
work and the technical maintenance of the electronic equipment in Brazil.
I also thank the members of the Center for Tropical Marine Ecology and Núcleo de
Estudos Costeiros for the nice working atmosphere.
This study was carried out as a part of the Brazilian-German Cooperaation Project
MADAM and was financed by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) and the
German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under the code 03F0154A. I
thank the Deutscher Akademischer Austauch-Dienst (DAAD) for the scholarship
support.
i Contents

Acknowledgements i
List of Figures vi
List of Tables viii
Summary
Zusammenfassung xi
Resumo


Chapter 1
ARE THE MANGROVES FROM BRAGANÇA PENINSULA REACTING TO
THE RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL CHANGES? _______________________________1
1.1 Introduction ___________________________________________________________________2
1.2 Objectives_____________________________________________________________________3
1.3 The Bragança Peninsula _________________________________________________________3
1.3.1 Location3
1.3.2 Geology and geomorphology ___________________________________________________3
1.3.3 Hydrology__________________________________________________________________4
1.3.4 Climate ____________________________________________________________________5
1.3.5 Vegetation__________________________________________________________________5
1.4 Methodology___________________________________________________________________5
1.4.1 Image processing ____________________________________________________________5
1.4.2 Elaboration of an Elevation Surface Model ________________________________________5
1.4.3 Vegetation survey6
1.4.4 Physicochemical parameters____________________________________________________6
1.4.5 Sediment cores ______________________________________________________________7
1.4.6 Radiocarbon data7
1.4.7 Pollen analysis7
1.5 Results________________________________________________________________________7
1.5.1 The inundation frequency controlling the vegetation distribution on the Bragança Peninsula__7
1.5.2 Vegetation changes in the central peninsula8
1.5.3 Coastline vegetation changes ___________________________________________________9
1.5.4 Stratigraphy and radiocarbon data from the Bragança Peninsula ________________________9
1.5.4.1 Estuarine mud progradational sequence ( S2) ___________________________________9
1.5.5 Model of Bragança mangrove development_______________________________________10
1.5.6 RSL changes at the Bragança Peninsula between 5100 and 1000 yr BP _________________11
1.5.7 RSL changes at the Bragança Peninsula during the last 1000 yr BP ____________________12
1.6 Conclusions __________________________________________________________________12

Chapter 2
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL APPLIED TO MANGROVE COAST
ANALYSIS, AMAZON REGION, BRAZIL _______________________________14
Abstract ________________________________________________________________________15
2.1 Introduction15
2.2 Methodological considerations ___________________________________________________16
ii 2.2.1 Study area _________________________________________________________________16
2.2.2 Tidal level measures _________________________________________________________16
2.2.3 Topographic survey16
2.2.4 Elaboration of an Elevation Surface Model _______________________________________17
2.3 Results and discussion__________________________________________________________19
2.3.1 Tidal inundation in the “Furo do Chato” area______________________________________19
2.3.2 Tidal inundation on the Bragança Peninsula20
2.4 Conclusions __________________________________________________________________22

Chapter 3
MANGROVE INUNDATION AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS FROM A GIS
PERSPECTIVE ______________________________________________________23
Abstract ________________________________________________________________________24
3.1 Introduction24
3.2 Study area ___________________________________________________________________26
3.3 Material and methods __________________________________________________________26
3.3.1 Chemical and physicochemical parameters _______________________________________26
3.3.2 Elaboration of Surface Elevation Model _________________________________________27
3.4 Results and discussion28

Chapter 4
TEMPORAL CHANGES OF MANGROVE VEGETATION BOUNDARIES IN
AMAZÔNIA: APPLICATION OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING
TECHNIQUES _______________________________________________________31
Abstract ________________________________________________________________________32
4.1 Introduction __________________________________________________________________32
4.2 Material and methods __________________________________________________________34
4.2.1 Study area _________________________________________________________________34
4.2.2 Field work34
4.2.3 Image processing ___________________________________________________________35
4.3 Results and discussion35
4.3.1 Geobotanical units35
4.3.2 Coastline vegetation changes __________________________________________________36
4.3.3 Vegetation changes in the central peninsula_______________________________________40
4.4 Conclusions __________________________________________________________________43

Chapter 5
STUDIES ON HOLOCENE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS OF THE
BRAGANÇA PENINSULA IN NORTHEASTERN PARA, BRAZIL __________45
Abstract ________________________________________________________________________46
5.1 Introduction46
5.2 Study area ___________________________________________________________________47
5.2.1 Location47
5.2.2. Environmental characteristics of the Bragança Peninsula ____________________________48
5.2.3 Human impact on vegetation __________________________________________________49
iii 5.2.4 Study sites_________________________________________________________________49
5.3 Material and methods __________________________________________________________50
5.3.1 Field sampling _____________________________________________________________50
5.3.2 Pollen analysis50
5.4 Results_______________________________________________________________________51
5.4.1 Stratigraphy _______________________________________________________________51
5.4.2 Radiocarbon dates and sedimentation rates _______________________________________51
5.4.3 Description of modern pollen rain ______________________________________________51
5.4.4. Description of fossil pollen results _____________________________________________55
5.4.4.1. Bosque de Avicennia ____________________________________________________55
5.4.4.2 Campo Salgado _________________________________________________________56
5.4.4.3 Furo do Chato60
5.5 Interpretation and discussion60
5.5.1 General background on Brazilian sea-level changes ________________________________60
5.5.2 Holocene relative sea-level and the development of the mangrove ecosystem ____________61
5.6 Holocene mangrove dynamics ___________________________________________________64
5.7 Conclusions __________________________________________________________________65

Chapter 6
MODEL ON HOLOCENE MANGROVE DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIVE
SEA-LEVEL CHANGES ON BRAGANÇA PENINSULA (NORTH BRAZIL)__67
Abstract ________________________________________________________________________68
6.1 Introduction68
6.2 Study area ___________________________________________________________________69
6.3 Data sources __________________________________________________________________69
6.3.1 Topographic survey ____________________________________________________