Regio- and chemoselective metalations of N-heterocycles [Elektronische Ressource] : applications to the synthesis of biologically active compounds / von Marc Mosrin

Marc Mosrin

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München






Regio- and Chemoselective Metalations of N-Heterocycles.
Applications to the Synthesis of Biologically Active
Compounds




von

Marc Mosrin



aus

Bourges, Frankreich





München 2009


Erklärung

Diese Dissertation wurde im Sinne von § 13 Abs. 3 der Promotionsordnung vom 29. Januar
1998 von Herrn Prof. Dr. Paul Knochel betreut.




Ehrenwörtliche Versicherung

Diese Dissertation wurde selbständig, und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe erarbeitet.


München, am 28.05.09







Marc Mosrin


Dissertation eingereicht am 28.05.2009

1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Paul Knochel

2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Carell

Mündliche Prüfung am 07.07.2009
This work was carried out from November 2005 to Mai 2009 under the guidance of Prof.
Knochel at the Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,
Munich, Germany.

I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Paul Knochel, for giving me the opportunity of doing my Ph.D.
in his group, for his support and for his guidance throughout the course of my scientific
research.

I am also very grateful to Prof. Dr. T. Carell for agreeing to be my “Zweitgutachter”, as well
as Prof. Dr. K. Karaghiosoff, Prof. Dr. M. Heuschmann, Prof. Dr. H. Langhals and Prof. Dr.
H. R. Pfaendler for the interest shown in this manuscript by accepting to be referees.

I thank Dr. Andrei Gavryushin, Dr. Francois Crestey and Christina Despotopoulou for the
careful correction of this manuscript.
I thank all past and present co-workers I have met in the Knochel’s group for their kindness
and their help. Special thanks to all my labmates (lab 2.017), Benoît Blank, Tomke Bresser,
Christina Despotopoulou, Benjamin Haag, Christiane Kofink, Christoph Rohbogner, Matthias
Schade and Darunee Soorukram for the happy time we spent!
I would like to thank Tomke Bresser (especially for the total synthesis!), Gabriel Monzon and
Marilena Petrera for fruitful collaborations in the fields of zinc and magnesium chemistry. I
would also like to thank Vladimir Malakhov, Simon Matthe, Christine Schliski, Yulia Tsvik
and Beatrix Cammelade for their help in organizing everyday life in the lab, as well as the
analytical team of the LMU for their invaluable help.

I also would like to thank the “AK Mayr” and “AK Carell”, especially Ralf Strasser for the
great time that we spent together during my stay in Munich.

Special thanks to Christina Despotopoulou for her friendship and her great support and all the
nice moments we shared together in the lab, in conferences or in many other events.

Very special thank to my family and to Marketa for their love and endless support as well as
my friends for their visits throughout this time.
Parts of this Ph. D. thesis have been published:


1) Marc Mosrin, Gabriel Monzon, Tomke Bresser and Paul Knochel. “Microwave-
Accelerated Zincation of Functionalized Aromatics and Heteroaromatics using
TMPZnCl·LiCl”. Chem. Commun. 2009, manuscript submitted.

2) Marc Mosrin, Tomke Bresser and Paul Knochel. “Regio- and Chemoselective Multiple
Functionalizations of Chloropyrazine Derivatives. Application to the Synthesis of
Coelenterazine”. Org. Lett. 2009, submitted.

3) Marc Mosrin and Paul Knochel. “A New Active Selective Base for the Directed
Zincation of Sensitive Aromatics and Heteroaromatics”. Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 1837.

4) Marc Mosrin and Paul Knochel. “Regio- and Chemoselective Metalations of
Chloropyrimidines Derivatives using TMPMgCl·LiCl and TMP Zn·2MgCl ·2LiCl. 2 2
Application to the Synthesis of Mepanipyrim”. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 1468.

5) Marc Mosrin, Marilena Petrera and Paul Knochel. “Multiple Regio- and Chemoselective
Functionalizations of Pyrimidine Derivatives using TMPMgCl·LiCl and TMP Mg·2LiCl”. 2
Synthesis 2008, 3697.

6) Marc Mosrin, Nadège Boudet and Paul Knochel. “Regio- and Chemoselective
Magnesiation of Protected Uracils and Thiouracils using TMPMgCl·LiCl and
TMP Mg·2LiCl”. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2008, 6, 3237. 2

7) Marc Mosrin and Paul Knochel. “Regio- and Chemoselective Multiple Functionalization
of Pyrimidine Derivatives by Selective Magnesiations using TMPMgCl·LiCl”. Org. Lett.
2008, 10, 2497.













A mes parents



Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Abbreviations

A. General Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1
1. Overview .......................................................................................................................... 2
2. Direct Preparation and Applications of Magnesiated Aryl and Heteroaryl
Compounds ...................................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Preparation of Grignard reagents by direct oxidative addition of magnesium to organic
halides................................................................................................................................ 5
2.3. Preparation of Grignard reagents by halogen/magnesium exchange reaction .................. 6
2.4. Preparation of Grignard reagents by metalation reactions with magnesium amide bases 9
3. Direct Preparation and Applications of Zincated Aryl and Heteroaryl
Compounds .................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Preparation of zinc reagents by direct oxidative addition of zinc to aryl and heteroaryl
halides.............................................................................................................................. 15
3.3 Preparation of zinc reagents by metalation reactions with zinc amide
bases ................................................................................................................................ 17
4. Objectives....................................................................................................................... 20


B. Results and Discussion...................................................................................................... 23
1. Functionalization of Pyrimidine Derivatives via Regio- and Chemoselective
Magnesiations ................................................................................................................ 24
1.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 24
1.2. Total functionalization of the pyrimidine scaffold using successive regio- and
chemoselective magnesiations ........................................................................................ 25
1.2.1 Functionalization of 5-bromopyrimidine (50) and 2-chloropyrimidine (53) using
lithium bases........................................................................................................ 25
1.2.2 Successive regio- and chemoselective functionalizations of 2-bromopyrimidine
(55) using mixed Mg/Li amide bases.................................................................. 25
1.3 Total functionalization of protected uracils and thiouracils using successive regio- and
chemoselective magnesiations ........................................................................................ 30
1.3.1 Functionalization of protected uracils and thiouracils using lithium bases ........ 30
1.3.2 Successive regio- and chemoselective functionalizations of protected uracils and
thiouracils using mixed Mg/Li amide bases........................................................ 31
1.4 Functionalization of chloropyrimidine derivatives using regio- and chemoselective
metalations ...................................................................................................................... 35
1.4.1 Functionalization of chloropyrimidine derivatives using lithium bases ............. 35
1.4.2 Regio- and chemoselective functionalizations of chloropyrimidine derivatives
using mixed Mg and Zn amide bases.................................................................. 36
1.5 Application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds...................................... 42
1.5.1 Preparation of pyrazolopyrimidines. Synthesis of a p38 kinase inhibitor (92d). 42
1.5.2 Synthesis of an sPLA2 anti-inflammatory pyrrolopyrimidine (95) .................... 43
1.5.3 the fungicide Mepanipyrim (100)............................