The Waldenses 1300-1500 - article ; n°1 ; vol.217, pg 75-99

Peter Biller

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Revue de l'histoire des religions - Année 2000 - Volume 217 - Numéro 1 - Pages 75-99
Les vaudois (1300-1500)
L'impression première de pauvreté des travaux pour la décennie 1988-1998 est trompeuse : de nouveaux chercheurs n'ont pas encore publié le résultat de leur recherche. Voici ceux qui émergent : l'ouvrage général de G. Audisio ; les études préliminaires et l'édition des procès de Fribourg par K. Utz Tremp ; le chef-d'œuvre de P. Paravy sur la religion vécue en Dauphiné ; les écrits de G. G. Merlo, qui attirent l'attention sur l'historiographie et soulèvent d'importantes questions. Tous ces travaux posent la question de l'unité et de la continuité du valdéisme médiéval, surtout la discussion de G. G. Merlo sur les valdéismes des communautés locales. Ils attirent l'attention sur les valdéismes variables des individus, ce qui suggère des arguments pour les connections internes, la continuité et l'unité (mais non l'uniformité) du valdéisme médiéval.
An initial impression of the decade 1988-98 being poor in new work is misleading — new and young scholars have not yet published the results of their research. The most important works to emerge since 1988, or in progress, are these: Audisio's debating general account; Tremp's preparatory studies and edition of the Fribourg trials; Paravy's grand account of the total religion vécue of the Dauphiné — a masterpiece; Merlo's writings, which call for attention to historiography and raise the most important questions to address. All of these works bring into question unity and continuity in medieval valdismo, most penetratingly Merlo's discussion of the valdismi of particular local communities. This in itself suggests attention to the varying valdismi of individuals, focus upon which suggests arguments for the inner connections, continuity and unity (if not uniformity) of medieval valdismo.
25 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.

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• Philosophie et théologie

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• Publié par: REVUE_DE_L-HISTOIRE_DES_RELIGIONS0
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2000
• Nombre de lectures: 117
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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Peter Biller
The Waldenses 1300-1500
In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 217 n°1, 2000. pp. 75-99.
Résumé
Les vaudois (1300-1500)
L'impression première de pauvreté des travaux pour la décennie 1988-1998 est trompeuse : de nouveaux chercheurs n'ont pas
encore publié le résultat de leur recherche. Voici ceux qui émergent : l'ouvrage général de G. Audisio ; les études préliminaires et
l'édition des procès de Fribourg par K. Utz Tremp ; le chef-d'œuvre de P. Paravy sur la religion vécue en Dauphiné ; les écrits de
G. G. Merlo, qui attirent l'attention sur l'historiographie et soulèvent d'importantes questions. Tous ces travaux posent la question
de l'unité et de la continuité du valdéisme médiéval, surtout la discussion de G. G. Merlo sur les valdéismes des communautés
locales. Ils attirent l'attention sur les valdéismes variables des individus, ce qui suggère des arguments pour les connections
internes, la continuité et l'unité (mais non l'uniformité) du valdéisme médiéval.
Abstract
An initial impression of the decade 1988-98 being poor in new work is misleading — new and young scholars have not yet
published the results of their research. The most important works to emerge since 1988, or in progress, are these: Audisio's
debating general account; Tremp's preparatory studies and edition of the Fribourg trials; Paravy's grand account of the total
religion vécue of the Dauphiné — a masterpiece; Merlo's writings, which call for attention to historiography and raise the most
important questions to address. All of these works bring into question unity and continuity in medieval valdismo, most
penetratingly Merlo's discussion of the valdismi of particular local communities. This in itself suggests attention to the varying
valdismi of individuals, focus upon which suggests arguments for the inner connections, continuity and unity (if not uniformity) of
medieval valdismo.
Citer ce document / Cite this document :
Biller Peter. The Waldenses 1300-1500. In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 217 n°1, 2000. pp. 75-99.
doi : 10.3406/rhr.2000.1072
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhr_0035-1423_2000_num_217_1_1072BILLER PETER
University of York
The Waldenses 1300-1500
results since is misleading An 1988, initial of their or — impression new in research. progress, and of young the The are decade scholars most these: 1988-98 important have Audisio's being not works yet debating poor published in to new general emerge work the
account; Tremp's preparatory studies and edition of the Fribourg trials;
Paravy 's grand account of the total religion vécue of the Dauphine — a
masterpiece; Merlo 's writings, which call for attention to historiography
and raise the most important questions to address. All of these works
bring into question unity and continuity in medieval valdismo, most
penetratingly Merlo 's discussion of the valdismi of particular local
communities. This in itself suggests attention to the varying valdismi of
individuals, focus upon which suggests arguments for the inner
connections, continuity and unity (if not uniformity) of medieval
valdismo.
Les vaudois (1300-1500)
L'impression première de pauvreté des travaux pour la
décennie 1988-1998 est trompeuse: de nouveaux chercheurs n 'ont pas
encore publié le résultat de leur recherche. Voici ceux qui émergent:
l'ouvrage général de G. Audisio; les études préliminaires et l'édition
des procès de Fribourg par K. Ut z Tremp; le chef-d'œuvre de
P. Paravy sur la religion vécue en Dauphine; les écrits de
G. G. Merlo, qui attirent l'attention sur l'historiographie et soulèvent
d'importantes questions. Tous ces travaux posent la question de l'unité
et de la continuité du valdéisme médiéval, surtout la discussion de
G. G. Merlo sur les valdéismes des communautés locales. Ils attirent
l'attention sur les variables des individus, ce qui suggère
des arguments pour les connections internes, la continuité et l'unité
(mais non l'uniformité) du valdéisme médiéval.
Revue de l'histoire des religions, 217 - 1/2000, p. 75 à 99 In the following I shall provide (A) a list of some of the
works on the Waldenses which have appeared since the Aix-
en-Provence Colloque in 1988, and of some works "in pro
gress",1 (B) an account of Pierrette Paravy's monograph on
the Dauphine, and (C) reflections on five themes which
emerge from Paravy's work or for which it provides a point
of departure.
A. Work published or in progress 1988-98: general view
Here is a brief account of work achieved over the last
decade and work in progress, beginning with France. There
has been the continuing work of Gabriel Audisio, partly in
articles on such themes as sex and the comparative literacy
of Catholic and Waldensian peasants,2 and partly in his
book Les "vaudois".3 Although intended for the intelligent
general public, this book has nevertheless attracted attention
from specialists precisely because Audisio has had the cou
rage to produce an overall picture of the medieval Waldens
es. For the period 1300-1500 Audisio addresses the diaspora
and the connections of this with migrations; the divisions of
language; transmission inside families; links with the Hussit
es; survival and what was lost and what was preserved;
what he calls the "schizophrenia" of Nicodemism; and the
marginalisation of Waldensianism to remote, rural and illit
erate milieux. Gonnet and Molnar's general account of 1974
1. I am grateful to Alexander Patschovsky for informing me about
German work.
2. For example, G. Audisio, Famille, religion, sexualité dans une secte:
les Pauvres de Lyon (xv'-xvr siècle), Revue de l'histoire des religions, 209
(1992), p. 427-57. See also note 15 below.
3. G. Audisio, Les "vaudois". Naissance, vie et mort d'une dissidence
(xiT-xvr siècle), Turin, 1989. A translation is forthcoming from Camb
ridge University Press, under the title The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution
and Survival, с 1170-c. 1570. THE WALDENSES 1300-1500 77
was a reference work, especially useful in its particular
account of Hussite Bohemia. Audisio's work does not try to
duplicate this. Rather, through its brevity and the boldness
of its patterns it breathes life into the subject, stimulating
thought and enquiry. I shall return later to its picture of
socio-economic marginalisation. Appearing in 1994 were
Pierrette Paravy's two volumes on the Dauphine,4 to which I
shall return later. Among work in progress is a new edition
of Bernard Gui's Liber sententiarum, which has been
announced by Annette Pales-Gobilliard.5
The sentences of Gui's Liber sententiarum have also been
used briefly by Jean Duvernoy as the basis for comments on
Waldensian preaching in the early fourteenth century.6
In Italy there has been Grado Merlo's work: in 1988 his
sharp small study of Val Pragelato,7 in 1991 the collection of
studies in the second of his two volumes on Valdesi e valdismi
medievali,8 and again in 1994 a resumé of fourteenth- and fi
fteenth-century Waldenses and Waldensianisms (Valdismi) in
the Italian completion of Fliche and Martin's Histoire de
l'Église.9 The historiographical questions about unity and
4. P. Paravy, De la chrétienté romaine à la réforme en Dauphine, 2 vol.,
Collection de l'École française de Rome, 183, Rome, 1993. Although the
title-page has "1993", the work was not available until 1994.
5. A. Pales-Gobilliard, Pénalités inquisitoriales au xiV siècle, in Crises
et réformes dans l'église de la réforme grégorienne à la préréforme, Actes du
CXVe Congrès national des sociétés savantes, Avignon, 1990, Section
d'histoire médiévale et de philologie, Paris, 1991, p. 143-54 (at p. 143,
note 4). This article, on the statistics of these sentences, only mentions sen
tences on the Waldenses in passing, p. 143-4.
6. J. Duvernoy, La prédication dissidente, in La prédication en Pays
d'Oc (xir '-début XVe siècle), "Cahiers de Fanjeaux", 32, Toulouse, 1997,
p. 111-24 (at p. 118-20).
7. G. G. Merlo, Val Pragelato 1488. La crociata contro i valdesi: un epi-
sodio di una lunga storia, Torre Pellice, 1988. This came to my notice too
late to be taken account of in the 1988 Colloque.
8. G. G. Merlo, Identita valdesi nella storia e nella storiografia, Turin,
1991.
9. Planned in 26 volumes, A. Fliche and V. Martin's Histoire de
l'Église depuis les origines jusqu'à nos jours, Paris, 1937-62, had always
lacked volume 11, covering the period 1274-1378. The lack was made up in
the Italian translation with a specially written volume edited by D. Qua- PETER BILLER 7