BIR Report 18: Technical and Physical Parameters for Quality Assurance in Medical Diagnostic Radiology: Tolerances, Limiting Values and Appropriate Measuring Methods

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Scientific and technical research
Target audience: Scientific

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• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION
• Nombre de lectures: 283
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

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BIR Technical and Physical
Parameters for Quality Report 18
Assurance in Medical
Diagnostic Radiology
Tolerances, Limiting Values and
Appropriate Measuring Methods
Edited by
B. M. Moores, F. E. Stieve, H. Eriskat
and H. Schibilla BIR Report 18
Technical and
Physical Parameters for
Quality Assurance in
Medical Diagnostic Radiology
Tolerances, Limiting Values and
Appropriate Measuring Methods Publication No. EU R 11620 of the Commission of the European
Communities, Scientific and Technical Communication Service,
Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Industries
and Innovation, Luxembourg
© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1989
Legal Notice
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any
person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for
the use which might be made of the following information
British Library Catologuing in Publication Data
Technical and physical parameters for quality assurance in
medical diagnostic radiology -
1. Medicine. Radiology. Safety measures. Manual. Man. Diagnosis.
Imaging systems. Quality control
I. Moores, B. M.
616. 07'5
ISBN 0-905749-18-9
Printed in Great Britain at the Alden Press, Oxford BIR Report 18
Technical and
Physical Parameters for
Quality Assurance in
Medical Diagnostic Radiology
Tolerances, Limiting Values and
Appropriate Measuring Methods
Edited by
B. M. Moores
Radiation Protection Service, Liverpool
F. E. Stieve
Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung,
München Institute for Radiation Protection
H. Eriskat
Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg
Directorate-General for Environment, Consumer Protection and
Nuclear Safety (Radiation Protection)
H. Schibilla
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels
Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development
(Radiation Protection)
Published by the British Institute of Radiology, London, 1989
f PÀRL EUROP. Biblioth.
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CL The Workshop on Technical and Physical Parameters for Quality Assurance in Medical Diagnostic
Radiology: Tolerances, Limiting Values and Appropriate Measuring Methods was organized by the
Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General for Science, Research and
Development (Radiation Protection) and Directorate-general for Employment, Social Affairs
and Education (Health and Safety)
Programme Committee and Referees
A. Benini, Life Science Division, IAEA, Vienna
J. H. E. Carmichael, Committee 3: Protection in Medicine, ICRP, Liverpool
G. Drexler, Institute for Radiation Protection, GSF München, Neuherberg
O. Hjardemaal, National Institute of Radiation Hygiene, Copenhagen
M. Laval-Jeantel, Department of Radiology, Hôpital St Louis, Paris
B. M. Moores, Radiation Protection Service, Liverpool
W. Panzer, Institute for Radiation Protection, GSF München, Neuherberg
H. St. Stender, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medizinische Hochschule,
Hanover
F-E. Stieve, Institute for Radiation Protection, GSF München, Neuherberg
Scientific Secretariat
H. Schibilla, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels
H. Seguin,n of then, Luxembourg Contents
Preface ,x
Introduction
Opening Address
J. H. E. Carmichael 1
The relationship between medical diagnostic requirements and limiting values of technical and physical
parameters for image production
H. St. Stender and F-E. Stieve 2
Physical aspects of establishing tolerances and limiting values in diagnostic radiology
B. M. Moores 1°
General aspects of quality control
Organizing quality control programmes
0. Hjardemaal6
Procuring, maintaining and using equipment: the key issues in controlling exposure to patients
1. R. F. Hendra 20
Proposed limiting values for performance criteria in acceptance testing of diagnostic X-ray equipment in the
Federal Republic of Germany
A. Bauml5
The Northern Regional Programme for the acceptance testing of X-ray equipment
K. Faulkner, R. M. Harrison, C. J. Kotre, S. Smith, M. Davies and P. Barker 2
Mandatory quality assurance programmes for diagnostic radiology facilities in Ontario, Canada.
Minimum requirements and limiting values
A. J. Rainbow 28
Methods of measurement, accuracy and tolerable deviations
W. Kallinger, R. Freund, P. Plundrak, R. Bednar, O. Schink, J. Schachner and M. Kuntner 31
Quality assurance and the World Health Organization initiative of "Health for All"
G. P. Hanson 33
An overview of the International Electrotechnical Commission's activities on quality assurance in
diagnostic radiology
H. W. Julius, H. van Ammers and E. T. Henshaw 37
Practical aspects of uniformity and intercomparison of quality control tests
E. T. Henshaw, H. W. Julius and H. van Ammers 40
The image-producing system — conventional X-ray equipment
Image field size and beam collimation in fluoroscopic equipment
A. G. Brennan, A. J. Shaw and A. P. Jones4
Field size and centring for conventional X-ray equipment
H. Klimpel, H. Kreienfeld and R. Overbeck7
Radiological properties of an automatic exposure control system
H. M. Kramer, D. Hoeschen and H. Seguin 51
A review of automatic exposure control of conventional and digital systems
A. Workman and A. R. Cowen
Determination of high voltage. Methods of measurement, practicality, accuracy and regulations
concerning tolerances
H-J. Rehm, G. Bbhnlein and Th. Schmidt 60
The use of a silicon surface barrier detector for quality assurance in diagnostic radiology
R. Pani, R. F. Laitano, R. Pellegrini, A. Soluri and P. L. Ballesio3
Patient equivalent phantoms in chest radiography
A. Servomaa and M. Tapiovaara5 Contents
The image-producing system — special equipment and techniques
A protocol for the commissioning and routine testing of mammographie X-ray systems
M. Fitzgerald, D. R. Dance, K. Fisher. C. Lawinski and M. L. Ramsdale 68
Screening with mammography — what quality is required and how is it checked?
W. Leitz 70
A phantom for quality control in mammography
M. Gambaccini, O. Rimondi, M. Marziani and A. Toti 73
An electronic instrument for high-voltage measurements of an X-ray unit for mammography
M. O. Rimondi and M. Marziani6
Quality control of dental X-ray units
R. H. Havukainen9
Quality assurance of computed tomography scanner beams in diagnostic radiology
B. A. Lindskoug 81
Quality control in quantitative computed tomography
K. A. Jessen and J. Jorgensen4
Quality control in computed tomography X-ray scanners
B. J. Perry and S. Edyvean7
The image-recording system — system analysis
Speed and speed classes of film-screen systems. Determination and practical application
E. Borcke 9
Film-screen characteristics
D. Hoeschen3
Reduction of X-ray film processing variations
J. Legros and R. Bayol5
Sensitometric and densitometric methods for quality control of medical X-ray images
G. Vieth
Absolute efficiencies of X-ray screens for fluoroscopy
G. E. Giakoumakis 100
Computer-supported quality control in X-ray diagnosis
W. Maier, E. Klotz and K-M. Schlicke2
The results of a quality-control programme in mammography
M. L. Ramsdale and P. Hiles4
The image-recording system — image performance
The influence of scattered radiation on recording systems and quality-assurance test parameters
A. S targardt7
Modulation transfer function evaluation of screen-film systems by the grating method
R. VanEsch 110
Image unsharpness: two methods to express image unsharpness in one value
R. A. de Haan, G. C. H. Sanderink and J. van Aken 113
Multi-format cameras
B.M.Moores6
Quality assurance in digital radiography
H. P. Busch and K. J. Lehmann
Quality control measurements of X-ray image intensifier television chain systems
E. T. Henshaw 12
Measurement of the uniformity of X-ray image-intensifier television systems and of the system components
P. Cooney, K. P. Maher and J. F. Mahne2 t of image intensifier veiling glare
K. Faulkner and M. Louka5
Quality control of image-intensifier television chains in Finland
M. Pinnen7
Retrieval and viewing conditions
Physiological conditions for effective interpretation of radiographic images
I. Over ing ton9 Contents
Quality control of radiographic illuminators and associated viewing equipment
E. Hartmann and F-E. Stieve 135
Dosimetry
Measurement and quality control of the radiation output of X-ray tubes
A. H. L. Aalbers8
Quality control of dose-area product meters
B. F. Wall 140
Technical and dosimetric aspects of quality control in mammography
J. Zoetelief, N. J. P. de Wit and J. J. Broer se3
A system for the assessment of patient dose in computed tomography scanning
D. J. Mo 11 and A. P. Jones6
The need for comparison of diagnostic dosemeters
H. M. Kramer9
Panel discussion, conclusions and perspectives for future research
Impact of measurement methods, tolerances, and limiting values for quality-assurance parameters on
dose reduction
C. K. Showalter. R. L. Burkhart, B. J. Conway, J. L. McCrohan and F. G. Rue t