State building process [Elektronische Ressource] : the case of Palestine / von Tariq Mukhimer

Tariq Mukhimer

Informations

• Publié par: humboldt-universitat_zu_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 7
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

State Building Process: The Case of Palestine


Dissertation

zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades


doctor philosophiae
(Dr. phil.)

eingereicht an

der Philosophischen Fakultät III
der Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin

von
(MPhil; Tariq Mukhimer;
06.01.1973; Rafah, Gaza Streifen, Palästina)


Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Mlynek


Dekan der Philosophischen Fakultät III
Prof. Dr. Gert-Joachim Glaeßner


Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Gert-Joachim Glaeßner
2. Prof. Dr. Hellmut Wollmann




Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13 July 2005








Acknowledgement

This dissertation was written under the supervision of Professor Hellmut Wollmann, Department
of Political Science & Public Administration, Philosophischen Fakultät III, Humboldt University-
Berlin. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to him for his suggestions and comments throughout all
stages of the dissertation.

My close friend Mr. Raji Sourani, Director of the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, was from
the very beginning of great material, logistic and psychological backing. He was always there and never
left me alone. To him and his staff who did not hesitate to offer me all forms of help, deep thanks.

My brother Hamada, Emad, and my mother Fatima, who beard the intolerable burden during my
writing of this dissertation, as well as my best friend Asa’ad Ashour, were always in support. To them
warm love.

The Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) was the main institution which rendered
me financial help and support at the various stages of this dissertation. Without its help and support, this
dissertation would not see the light. This fact alone merits all my gratitude.

To the memory of my father Musbah, and my brother Musa, this dissertation was written.


Tariq M. Mukhimer
Berlin, on 9 April, 2005.




















GLOSSARY

AE: Arab Executive. It evolved from MCA in 1920 to lead the Palestinian resistance against the Jewish
immigration to Palestine in 1920s.

AHC: Arab Higher Committee. It was set up in 1936 to steer the Great Revolt (1936-1939).

ANU: Arab National Union. It formed the formal grassroots institution in support for Nasser regime
during 1950s, and early 1960s.

ARC: Agriculture Relief Committees.

B’Tselem: Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories.

CEC: Central Elections Commission.

CPRS: Centre of Palestine for Research & Studies.

DCO: District Coordination & Cooperation Office.

DFLP: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine; a PLO faction, and opposes Oslo process.

DOP: Declaration of Principles.

EU: European Union.

Fatah: The reversed Arab acronym of the Palestinian National Liberation Movement.

FIDA: The Palestinian Democratic Party, a DFLP’s splinter group led by Yassir Abed Rabu and supports
Oslo process.

GMC: General Monitoring Commission.

Hamas: the Arab acronym of the Islamic Resistance Movement, a radical non-PLO organization, and
opposes Oslo process.

HCPF: Higher Council for Policy Formulation, ministry of Social Affairs.

HRDD: Human Resources Development Directorate, ministry of Health.

HSC: Health Services Council.

IDF: Israeli Defense Forces.

JDEC: Jerusalem District Electricity Company. It was founded in 1959 to supply the main cities of the
West Bank with electricity.

JEC: Palestinian-Israeli Joint Economic Committee.

JMCC: Jerusalem Media Centre & Communication. LAW: Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and Environment.

MCA: Muslim-Christian Association. It was founded by Palestinians in 1918, to express opposition for
Belfour Declaration, and was headed by Musa Kazim El Husayni.

MoH: Ministry of Health.

MOPIC: Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation.

OPT: Occupied Palestinian Territories. It denotes the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza
Strip.

PA: Palestinian Authority.

PCHR: Palestinian Centre for Human Rights.

PECDAR: Palestinian Economic Council for Development and Reconstruction.

PFLP: Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a PLO faction, and opposes Oslo process.

PHC: Palestinian Health Council.

PHIC: Palestinian Health Information Centre, MoH.

PIF: Palestinian Investment Fund, ministry of Finance.

PLC: Palestinian Legislative Council.

PLO: Palestinian Liberation Organization.

PMA: Palestinian Monetary Authority.

PNC: Palestinian National Council, the PLO’s legislative body.

PNF: Palestinian National Front. It emerged in OPT in 1970s as a PLO affiliated political institution.

PNSC: Palestinian National Security Council.

PRCS: Palestinian Red Crescent Society.

SMC: Supreme-Muslim-Council. It was founded by British manadte in December 1921. The goal was to
enable Palestinians to manage their religious affairs. Amin El Husayni, the Mufti, was appointed as head
of it.

UHCC: Union of Health Care Committees.

UHWC: Union of Health Work Committees.

UN: United Nations.
UNHRC: United Nations Human Rights Commission

UNLU: Unified National Leadership for the Uprising (it steered the first Intifada 1987-1993)

UNRWA: United Nations for Refugees and Working Agency. It was founded in December 1948 in
response to Palestinian refugees crisis.

UPMRC: Union of the Palestinian Medical Relife Committees.

VAT: Value Added Tax.

VIP: Very Important Person.

WBGS: West Bank & Gaza Strip.





















TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 3
NOTE ON THEMETHODOLOGY7
CHAPTER I: THE STATE12
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND ARAB STATE 12
THE MARXIST PERSPECTIVE VERSUS THE WEBERIAN ONE13
thThe 20 Century’s State Theories 15
Towards an Advanced Definition of the State 17
STATE IN THE ARAB WORLD21
The Post-Colonial Arab State: A state against Society 26
RETHINKING THE ARAB STATE 38
CHAPTER II: THE PALESTINIAN AUTONOMY45
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW45
PALESTINIAN AUTONOMY UNDER BRITISH MANDATE49
THE GAZA STRIP’S ATHE EGYPTIAN RULE 60
THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF WEST BANKERS UNDER JORDANIAN RULE 64
Local Government in the West Bank, Under Jordanian Rule 67
PALESTINIAN AUTONOMY UNDER ISRAELIOCCUPATION72
The 1972 Municipal Elections 76
Israel’s Policy of Non-Intervention: The Path Toward Political Mobilization 78
The 1976 Municipal Elections: PLO Factions Rise to Office 84
Palestinian Local Autonomy under the Likud Government: Toward a Bottom-Up Model 88
THE FIRST INTIFADA (1987-1993): PALESTINIANS ATTACH FURTHER THEMSELVES TO
GRASSROOTS INSTITUTIONS 100
CHAPTER III: GAINING AUTONOMY THROUGH OSLO 107
ON THE PEACE, THE PEOPLE, AND THE AUTHORITY 107
THE BACKGROUND BEHIND AND RISE OF THE PA107
BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE: THE PA’S SEARCH FOR LEGITIMACY 121
THE DETACHMENT OF THE PA FROM SOCIETY: THE PA AGAINST CIVIL SOCIETY 135
THE PAMODE OF GOVERNANCE: TOWARD A NEOPATRIMONIAL SYSTEM 148
CHAPTER IV: THE PALESTINIAN LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL (PLC) 167
THE INCOMPLETE DEMOCRACY 167
THE 1996’S PALESTINIAN ELECTIONS170
THE PLC: TOWARD A PARLIAMENTARY INSTITUTION176
THE BASIC LAW, THE LAW OF JUDICIARY, AND THE NGOS LAW: UNSUCCESSFUL
ATTEMPTS TO COMBAT ARAFAT’S NEOPATRIMONIAL SYSTEM 180
ON THE BUDGETARY CONFLICT BETWEEN PLC AND PA185
PLC’S WEAKNESS VIS-À-VISPA:FACTORS AND CONDITIONS 190
THE TASKS OF MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY:THE PLC AS CLIENT FOR PA 194
PLC: LOOSING LEGITIMACY201
CHAPTER V: THE OSLO AUTONOMY 207
A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE207
THE RISE OF THE PALESTINIAN BUREAUCRACY: CHALLENGES AND PARAMETERS 211
1The Palestinian Bureaucracy: Legal Dimension 218
THE PALESTINIAN BUREAUCRACY: INSTITUTION BUILDING - A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 221
The Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH): Does it make a Difference? 227
The Palestinian Ministry of Education: A New Chapter in the Educational Life of
Palestinians 246 inistry of Social Affairs: Ineffective Social Security Scheme 254
THE PALESTINIAN BUREAUCRACY: FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS 264
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM UNDER THE PA: TOWARD A CLIENT MODEL OF LOCAL
AUTHORITY 270
The Local Government System: Electoral Perspective 276ent System: The Status Quo 279
The Local Government System: A Failed scheme for Supplying Utilities 282
THE OPPONENTS’ PARA-STATE INSTITUTIONS: TOWARD A GRASSROOTS MODEL 286
The Islamic Society 287
El-Salah Islamic Association 290
The Friends of Martyrs Society 292
Union of Heath Work