The determination of generic types : and a list of roundworm genera, with their original and type species

Charles Wardell Stiles, Albert Hassall

Description

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY Bulletin D. E. D. V. Chief of BunSALMON, M., 1 DETERMINATION OF GENERICI TYPES, OFJST Rnrxmvoinr GENERA, WITH THEIR ORIGINAL AND TYPE SPECIES. CH. WARDELL Ph.STILES, D., S. I'nh/ic Health andU. Service;Zoologist, Marine-Hospital Consulting Jlnrcctii ofminimalZoologist , industry, ALBERT M. R. C. V.HASSALL, S., Assistant in Bureau of Ahhita/Zoology, Industry. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT I' K I N T I X C () K V I C F, . 1905. THE W REAl OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.ORGANIZATION OF I). K. IX V. M.SALMON,Chlff: A. D. I). V. S.Assistant Chief: MELVIX, M. I>.Clerk: E. B. LL. M.,e liable introduce confusionmanifestly should be taken as the or were it tothat the first species invariably type, permitted to the and which the author did nottake addedspecies subsequently group, original his No rule will suffice to determineknow when he established genus. arbitrary so much as is often the decision in to theoffhand ofquestions complication regard which has been studied a number of authors.of an ancienttype genus by In first of the above cases lists are often in or faunisticthe arranged alphabetical the are at or near the and end of theor aberrant list,order, species placed beginning the more and characteristic are between the others.

Sujets

• Nematoda
• Animals

Informations

• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 15
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

Extrait

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY Bulletin
D. E. D. V. Chief of BunSALMON, M.,
1
DETERMINATION OF GENERICI TYPES,
OFJST Rnrxmvoinr GENERA, WITH THEIR
ORIGINAL AND TYPE SPECIES.
CH. WARDELL Ph.STILES, D.,
S. I'nh/ic Health andU. Service;Zoologist, Marine-Hospital Consulting
Jlnrcctii ofminimalZoologist , industry,
ALBERT M. R. C. V.HASSALL, S.,
Assistant in Bureau of Ahhita/Zoology, Industry.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT I' K I N T I X C () K V I C F, .
1905.THE W REAl OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.ORGANIZATION OF
I). K. IX V. M.SALMON,Chlff:
A. D. I). V. S.Assistant Chief: MELVIX,
M. I>.Clerk: E. B. LL. M.,<'hl,'f JONES,
M. S.Division: ED. H. WEBSTER,Dairy
chief.
A. M. B. I). V. cliii'f.Division: FAKRIXGTON-, 8., M.,In^H'Hltm
i W. Ph. V. M. chief.
lithie Dirixion: RICHARD HICKMAN, G., I).,(Juan
FAYETTE THOMPSON. M. S.Editor: GEORGE
D. HAIXES.Artist: W: S.
Husbandman: GEORGE M. B. 8. A.Animal ROMMEL,
BEATRICE C. OBERLY.Librarian:
LABORATORIES.
chief.Biochemic Division : MARION M.DORSET, D.,
R. A. V. M. chief.Dinxion: JOHN D.,Palltoloyical MOIILER, M.,
H. B. A.Division : BRAYTON Sc., M.,Zoological RANSOM, acting zoologist.
EXPERIMENT STATION.
W. E.E. C. M. D. COTTON.Superintendent, SCHROEDER, Y.; expert assistant,
IN CHARGE.INSPECTORS
Dr. F. W. Union Stock Yards, Pitts- Dr. F. L. De care Chas. WolffAinsworth, Wolf, Packing Co.,
Kans.Pa. Topeka,burg,
A. Horinel it Dr. Geo. care Union Stock Cin-Dr. M. O. Anderson, care Geo. Co., Ditewig, Yards,
Minn. Ohio.Austin, cinnati,
Dr. Don C. Post-Office South Dr. E. P. Dowd, care it Dexter Co..Ayer, Building, White, Pcvey
Nebr. Worcester. Mass.Omaha,
San Dr. E. 316 UnionDr. G. S. Baker, Sixth and Townsend sts., O. Dyson, Exchange Building.
Cal. Stock Yards. 111.Francisco, Chicago.
Dr. L. R. South St. Mo. Dr. Geo. C. Fuville. P. O. box 7%, Norfolk, Ya.Baker, Joseph.
Dr. A. E. room Federal Dr. J. W. Fink, care Swift & Co., Harrison sta.,Behnke, 432, Building,
X. J.Milwaukee, Wis. Newark.
A. X. Y. Dr. T. A. care U. S. London.Dr. John Bell, VVatertown, Geddes, consulate,
Dr. S. E. room Live Stock Ex-Bennett, 338, England,
Kansas Kaus. Dr. H. H. George, 507 Johnson St., Louisville,change Building, City,
havenDr. Eli L. care J. S. Gilmore. K.v-Bertram,
Dr. W. H. Gibbs. care Morton-Greirson Co.. Ne-port, Iowa.
Dr. Fred careContinental braska Nebr.Braginton, PackingCo., City,
111. Dr. L. K. Green, care Hammond, Standish it Co.,Bloomington,
Stock Yards Detroit. Mich.Dr. J. J. care MissouriBrougham,
Dr. H. A. Hcdrick. 215 St. Paul Baltimore, Md.Co., St. Louis, Mo. st.,
Dr. G. W. care Drunimond Bros.. Kan Dr. O.B. Hess, care Seattle, Wash.Butler, Frye-Bruhn Co.,
Claire. Wis. Mr. G. S. Hickox. P. ('). box 1115. Salt I,
111. Utah.Dr. J. B. Clancy, Xational Stock Yards,
Dr. Lowell room Dr. A. A. Holcombc, 111.Clarke, 320, Quincy Building. Aurora,
Colo. Dr. U. G. care Swift it Fort Worth,Denver, Houek, Co.,
Dr. Joel E. care The Packing Co., Tex.Cloud, Agar
Des Iowa. E. care Western Den-Moines, Dr. W. Howe, Packing Co.,
Dr. Charles X. Y. ver. Colo.Cowie, Ogdensburg.
Dr. David 912 La a Port Huron. Dr. Julius Huelscn. care Jersey Stock YardsGumming, peer ve., City
Mich. Co.. Jersey City, X. J.
Dr. Robert care Chas. S. San Dr. K. W. U. S. customs (J. T.Darling, Hardy, Huntington, office.
Cal. R. R. wharf, Portland. Me.Diego,
Dr. E. T. Davison, Rushville, Xebr. Dr. Robert care Jacob K. Decker iV Son,Jay,
Dr. J. F. Sault Ste. Midi. MasonDeadman. Marie, City, Iowa.
Mr. Albert room Stock Yard Dr. G. A. Build;Dean, 328, Station, Johnson. Exchange
Kansas Kans. Iowa.City, I City,
on 3[Concluded page of cover.]U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY Bulletin No. 79.
D. E. D. V. Chief of Bureau.SALMON, M.,
THE DETERMINATION OF GENERIC TYPES.
LIST OF GENERA. WITH THEIRROUNDWORM
AND TYPE SPECIES.
CH. WARDELL Ph.STILES, D.,
U. S. Public Health and Marine- Service;Zoologist, Hospital Consulting
Bureau ofAnimalZoologist, Industry,
AND
M.ALBERT R. C. V.HASSALL, S.,
Assistant in Bureau of AnimalZoology, Industry.
WASHINGTON :
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1905.LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY,
D. 1905.Washington, O., JulyW,
SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith for a techni-publication
cal entitled "The Determination of Generic and amanuscript Types,
List of Roundworm with their andGenera, Original Species",Type
Doctors Stiles and Hassall.prepared by
and literature has been inconven-Medical, veterinary, zoological
ienced to no in the technical due to aslight degree by changes names,
failure on the of authors to for theirpart designate lype species
The is in tne ofgenera. present paper prepared hope definitely fixing
the for the roundworm for those oftypes genera, especially impor-
tance in human and so that inconfusion thecomparative medicine,
future be reduced.may
The of a rule the International Commission onadoption by Zoolog-
ical Nomenclature to the effect that no new name demandgeneric may
in the future unless its author fixes the atrecognition definitely type
its is of serious as such aoriginal publication worthy consideration,
rule would work.greatly simplify
D. E.Respectfully, SALMON,
Bureau.ofChief
Hon. JAMES WILSON,
Secretary ofAgriculture.
3TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
7Summary
Part I. involved in the of of 10-80Principles designating types genera parasites
Introduction 10
Genera other than nematodes included in this 11paper
or not 11Types designated designated
Division of work 12
12Homonyms
Historical review of 12type designation
The of foreshadowed 1751 12principle generic types by Linnaeus,
The British Association Code 13(Stricklandian)
The Call 1877 15Code,
The American Union 1892 17Ornithologists' Code, 1886,
1The Code of the German 894 18Zoological Society,
The Merton 1896 18Rules,
1896 20Gill,
1898 21Durrant,
of Botanical A. A. A. 1904 22Code S.,Nomenclature,
The International Code of 1904 23
Zoological Nomenclature,
to 24Axioms relative type species
Rules and recommendations 24concerning types
A. Genera for which are or in thetypes designated implied original
25
publication
1. Genera with one "Mono-
originally published only species.
25
typical genera"
List of nematodes)genera (chiefly originally published
with a 25single species
2. Genera with one valid butpublished only species,originally
also with one or more 29species inquirendte
Nematode of this class 29genera
3. Genera with aoriginally published species definitely desig-
nated as 30type (type by original designation )
Roundworm with 31genera types by original designation
4. use of the nameType by original implication through specific
or 31typicus typu*
ofNematode with determined usegenera type by specific
32name typicus
5. absolute 32Type by tautonymy
34Cases of absolutetype by tautonymy
Case of 1845 34Dujardin,AngioKtorna
Case of 1786 34Anguillula Mueller,
Case of 1800 37Zeder,Capmlaria
38Case of Chaos 1767Linmeus,
virtual 396. Type by tautonymy
407. of rename! .*.Types genera
8. inclusion . 42Type by
9. Genera of several earlier 47containing types genera
of and . . 48Case Anthuris,Acuaria, Spiroptera, Dispharagux
56 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.PART I. involved in the of ofPrinciples designating types genera parasites
Continued.
Rules and recommendations Continued.concerning types
B. Genera for which have been selected in later . 52types publications.
5210. Type bysubsequent designation
Roundworm with later 53genera types by designation
55C. Genera for which no has been selectedtype definitely
11. no 55Collective biological groups requiring type species
12. elimination 56Type by
Elimination of 57
speciesTnquirendse (see p. 29) of referred 57doubtfully species of selected as of other . 58
species types genera.
Restricted and unrestricted elimination 58
13. Preference to be shown to not classified
species subsequently
in other 60genera
14. 62Type by page precedence
15. mature forms take over larval or imma-Sexually precedence
ture forms 63
16. Preference to be shown to examined author of the
species by
63genus
17. Preference to be shown to named
species communis, vulgaris,
or medicinalis 64
officinalis,
18. The best best best or mostdescribed, figured, known, easily
obtainable 64
species
19. The name to with the number oforiginal generic go greater
65species
20. to be considered in connection with ofSpecial points genera
65parasitic groups
21. mentioned in this 66Remaining genera paper
Correlated nomenclatural 67questions
22. 68Synonymy by original publication
23. Rule of 69homonyms
Roundworm names which aregeneric preoccu-absolutely
, ." 70pied names whichgeneric absolutely preoccupy
other names 71
24. 72Phononyms
25. Doubtful 73homonyms
26. Emendation of names 76
27. Nomenclatural status of 78misprints
28. of the Law of 78Origin Priority
29. Rules of Nomenclature 78Rudolphi's
30. authors between 1758 and 1819 80Polynomial
Part II. List of names, with their andgeneric chiefly nematodes, original type<