Understanding and being understood [Elektronische Ressource] : the impact of intelligence and dispositional valuations on social relationships / vorgelegt von Jacobus Josephus Adrianus Denissen

Jacobus J. A. Denissen

Sujets

• Psychologie

Informations

• Publié par: humboldt-universitat_zu_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 8
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Understanding and Being
Understood
The Impact of Intelligence and
Dispositional Valuations on Social
Relationships

DISSERTATION

zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. nat.
im Fach Psychologie






eingereicht an der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät II
der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

vorgelegt von
Jacobus J. A. Denissen, MA Psychology
geboren am 14. Februar 1978 in Udenhout, den Niederlanden







Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Mlynek

Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät II
Prof. Dr. Uwe Küchler

Gutachter
1. Jens B. Asendorpf, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
2. Alexandra M. Freund, Universität Zürich
3. Dan P. McAdams, Northwestern University

Eingereicht beim Promotionsausschuss am: 1. Juni, 2005
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 8. Juli, 2005


Selbständigkeitserklärung
Hiermit erkläre ich, die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig ohne fremde Hilfe verfasst
und nur die angegebene Literatur und Hilfsmittel verwendet zu haben.












1Man’s character is his daimon

HERACLITUS, FRAGMENT 119















1 For the ancient Greeks, the daimon was non-human power somewhere between people and gods,
without any negative connotations. An example would be the daimon of Socrates. The daimon had a wisdom
that has nothing to do with our modern conceptions of good or evil: It was a force of nature that could offer
hints about fateful situations and actions. Understanding and Being Understood: The Impact of Intelligence and Dispositional Valuations on
Social Relationships I
Table of Content
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5
Understanding and Being Understood ...............................................................................7
1.1 Mutual Understanding ............................................................................................... 7
1.1.1 Description and Definition .................................................................................. 7
1.1.2 Concepts Related to Mutual Understanding........................................................ 8
1.2 Communicating Meaning ........................................................................................ 13
1.2.1 A Model of Dyadic Communication .................................................................. 14
1.2.2 Social Construction of Shared Codes................................................................ 16
2 The Impact of Intelligence and Dispositional Valuations on Mutual
Understanding............................................................................................................24
2.1 Review of Independent Variables............................................................................ 24
2.1.1 Fluid Intelligence............................................................................................... 25
2.1.2 Crystallized Intelligence .................................................................................... 27
2.1.3 Dispositional Valuations ................................................................................... 27
2.2 Main Effects of Intelligence and Dispositional Valuations..................................... 29
2.2.1 Fluid Intelligence............................................................................................... 29
2.2.2 Crystallized Intelligence .................................................................................... 30
2.2.3 Dispositional Valuations ................................................................................... 31
2.3 Dyadic Differences in Intelligence and Dispositional Valuations........................... 32
2.3.1 General Intelligence .......................................................................................... 32
2.3.2 Crystallized Intelligence .................................................................................... 33
2.3.3 Dispositional Valuations ................................................................................... 34
2.3.4 Interpretation of Assortative Patterns Regarding Intelligence ......................... 35
2.4 Dyadic Effects of Intelligence and Dispositional Valuations.................................. 37
2.4.1 Fluid Intelligence............................................................................................... 37
2.4.2 Crystallized Intelligence .................................................................................... 38
2.4.3 Dispositional Valuations ................................................................................... 39
2.5 Combining Main and Dyadic Effects ...................................................................... 41
2.5.1 Simonton’s (1985) Model of Intelligence and Group Influence ........................ 41
2.5.2 Application of the Simonton (1985) Model to the Adjustment and Social
Relationships of Gifted Individuals ................................................................... 44
2.6 Summary of Main and Dyadic Hypotheses............................................................. 48
3 Chapter 3: Method ....................................................................................................50
3.1 Sample Characteristics............................................................................................. 50
3.1.1 Rationale for Sample Selection.......................................................................... 50
3.1.2 Sample 1............................................................................................................. 51
3.1.3 Sample 2............................................................................................................. 53
3.1.4 Sample 3............................................................................................................. 55
3.1.5 Sample 4............................................................................................................. 55
3.2 Procedure ................................................................................................................. 56
3.2.1 Studies 1.I, 2, and 3 ........................................................................................... 56
3.2.2 Study 1.II............................................................................................................ 57
3.2.3 Study 4 ............................................................................................................... 57 Understanding and Being Understood: The Impact of Intelligence and Dispositional Valuations on
Social Relationships II
3.3 Measures.................................................................................................................. 61
3.3.1 Mutual Understanding and Related Constructs ................................................ 61
3.3.2 Intelligence ........................................................................................................ 64
3.3.3 Dispositional Valuations ................................................................................... 68
3.3.4 Control Variables .............................................................................................. 70
3.3.5 Coding of MU From Behavioral Observations in Study 4 ................................ 71
3.4 Analysis Strategy..................................................................................................... 73
3.4.1 Data Reduction .................................................................................................. 73
3.4.2 Nested Structure of Data ................................................................................... 73
3.4.3 Testing Dyadic Effects ....................................................................................... 76
3.4.4 Groups Comparisons......................................................................................... 77
4 Chapter 4: Results .....................................................................................................78
4.1 Data Reduction ........................................................................................................ 78
4.1.1 Ego-Centered Social Relationship Quality........................................................ 78
4.1.2 Post-Interaction Ratings in Sample 4................................................................ 80
4.1.3 Agreement Across Data Sources ....................................................................... 83
4.1.4 Interdependence of Data.................................................................................... 84
4.2 Main Effects of Intelligence and Dispositional Valuations..................................... 85
4.2.1 Samples 1-2........................................................................................................ 85
4.2.2 Sample 1.II......................................................................................................... 89
4.2.3 Sample 3