Normalizing Occupation

Description

Controversy surrounds Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank, and the radical national and religious agendas at play there have come to define the area in the minds of many. This study, however, provides an alternative framework for understanding the process of "normalization" in the life of Jewish residents. Considering a wider range of historical and structural factors in which the colonization of the West Bank developed it allows placing its origins and everyday reality into a wider perspective. The works collected consider the transformation of the landscape, the patterns of relationships shared by the region's residents, Palestinian and Jewish alike, and the lasting effects of Israel's settlement policy. Stressed in particular are such factors as urban planning, rising inequality and the retreat of the welfare state, and the changing political economy of industry and employment. In doing so, the authors collected here provide new insight into the integration and segregation processes that are an integral part of the broader historical trends shaping Israel/Palestine.

Introduction: Normalizing the Occupation: the Making of the Jewish West Bank Settlements / Marco Allegra, Ariel Handel and Erez Maggor
Part I - Across the Green Line: Suburbanization, Privatization and the Settlements
1. The Settlements and the Relationship between Privatization and the Occupation / Daniel Gutwein
2. Settlement as Suburbanization: The Banality of Colonization / David Newman
3. "Outside Jerusalem—yet so Near": Ma'ale Adumim, Jerusalem, and the suburbanization of Israel's settlement policy / Marco Allegra
4. Educating Architecture (photo essay) / Miki Kratsman and Ruthie Ginsburg
Part II – Between Cities and Outposts: the Heterogeneity of the Settlements and the Settlers
5. Embedded Politics in a West Bank Settlement / Hadas Weiss
6. Informal Outposts in the West Bank: Normality in Gray Space / Erez Tzfadia
7. From Ghetto-politics to Geo-politics: Ultra-Orthodox Settlements in the West Bank / Lee Cahaner
8. "A Blessed Deviation in Jewish History": On Contemporary forms of Messianism among Religiously Motivated Settlers in the West Bank / Assaf Harel
Part III - Forced Co-existence: Palestinians and Jewish Settlers
9. From Kubniya to Outpost: A Genealogy of the Palestinian Conceptualization of Jewish Settlement in a Shifting National Context / Honaida Ghanem
10. Integrated or Segregated? Employment Relations in the Settlements / Amir Paz-Fuchs and Yael Ronen
11. Jerusalem's Colonial Space as Paradox: Palestinians Living in the Settlements / Wendy Pullan and Haim Yacobi

Sujets

• Public Policy
• International Relations
• Middle Est
• Jewish Studies
• HISTORY
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Histoire
• Israel
• History of the Middle East
• General officer
• Middle East
• General

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 09 janvier 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253025050
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

NORMALIZING OCCUPATION
NORMALIZING OCCUPATION
The Politics of Everyday Life in the West Bank Settlements
Edited by Marco Allegra, Ariel Handel, and Erez Maggor
This book is a publication of
Indiana University Press
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Herman B Wells Library 350
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Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
iupress.indiana.edu
2017 by Indiana University Press
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Handel, Ariel, editor | Allegra, Marco, editor. | Maggor, Erez, editor
Title: Normalizing occupation : the politics of everyday life in the West Bank settlements / edited by Ariel Handel, Marco Allegra, and Erez Maggor.
Description: Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016025307 (print) | LCCN 2016040106 (ebook) | ISBN 9780253024732 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780253024886 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780253025050 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Land settlement-West Bank. | Jews-West Bank. | Jews-West Bank-Social conditions. | Palestinian Arabs-West Bank-Social conditions.
Classification: LCC DS110.W47 N67 2017 (print) | LCC DS110.W47 (ebook) | DDC 956.95/3044-dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016025307
1 2 3 4 5 22 21 20 19 18 17
Contents
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Introduction: The Politics of Everyday Life in the West Bank Settlements / Marco Allegra, Ariel Handel, and Erez Maggor
Part I-Across the Green Line: Suburbanization, Privatization, and the Settlements
1 The Settlements and the Relationship between Privatization and the Occupation / Danny Gutwein
2 Settlement as Suburbanization: The Banality of Colonization / David Newman
3 Outside Jerusalem-Yet so Near : Ma ale Adumim, Jerusalem, and the Suburbanization of Israel s Settlement Policy / Marco Allegra
4 Educating Architecture / Miki Kratsman and Ruthie Ginsburg
Part II-Between Cities and Outposts: The Heterogeneity of the Settlements and the Settlers
5 Embedded Politics in a West Bank Settlement / Hadas Weiss
6 Informal Outposts in the West Bank: Normality in Gray Space / Erez Tzfadia
7 Between Ghetto-Politics and Geopolitics: Ultraorthodox Settlements in the West Bank / Lee Cahaner
8 Beyond Gush Emunim: On Contemporary Forms of Messianism among Religiously Motivated Settlers in the West Bank / Assaf Harel
Part III-Forced Coexistence: Palestinians and Jewish Settlers
9 From Kubaniya to Outpost: A Genealogy of the Palestinian Conceptualization of Jewish Settlement in a Shifting National Context / Honaida Ghanim
10 Integrated or Segregated? Israeli-Palestinian Employment Relations in the Settlements / Amir Paz-Fuchs and Ya l Ronen
11 Jerusalem s Colonial Space as Paradox: Palestinians Living in the Settlements / Wendy Pullan and Haim Yacobi
Appendix: The Settlements
List of Contributors
Index
Acknowledgments
T HE INITIAL IMPETUS for this project was the workshop Settlements in the West Bank (1967-2014): New Perspectives, which was held at the Minerva Humanities Center in Tel Aviv University on June 2014. Our gratitude goes out to the Minerva Humanities Center as well as to the French Research Institute in Jerusalem and the Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem for their generous support of the workshop. We extend our sincere appreciation to the workshop s participants and audience, and especially to the sessions discussants: Ian Lustick, Hadas Weiss, Sandi Kedar, Dani Filc, and Ronen Shamir, who provided important feedback and comments. Rebecca Tolen of Indian University Press displayed great confidence in the project even when it was only in its initial stages, and we are indebted to her for helping us getting it off the ground. Also at Indiana University Press, we would like to thank Dee Mortensen, Paige Rasmussen and Jennika Baines for their generous assistance throughout the editing process. We thank Mary C. Ribesky for overseeing the copyediting stage, Alexander Trotter for his help with creating the index, and Alessandro Colombo, who was kind enough to help us in producing the maps. The timely financial support we received from the Department of Sociology at New York University is also greatly appreciated. Most of all, we are greatly indebted to the book s contributors, without which this collection would not have been possible.
Finally, we would like to commemorate the memory of our former colleague, Michael Feige, who was one of the four victims of the terror attack that took place in Tel Aviv on June 8, 2016. Michael, an admired teacher and a renowned scholar of Israeli society, was trained at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and taught at Ben-Gurion University, where he most recently served as the head of the Israel Studies program. A scholar of the national-religious settler movement and author of several key studies on Gush Emunim, Michael was among the most vibrant participants of the workshop held at the Minerva Humanities Center in 2014; his death came as a shock and represents a great loss for us all.
Abbreviations
CBS-Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics
FSU-Former Soviet Union
HCJ-Israeli High Court of Justice
HRW-Human Rights Watch
IDF-Israeli Defense Forces
ILO-International Labor Office
JIIS-Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies
NLT-Israeli National Labor Tribunal
OT-Occupied Territories
PNA-Palestinian National Authority
WB-West Bank
YESHA-Judea Samaria and Gaza Council
NORMALIZING OCCUPATION
Map 1. Selected localities in the West Bank and Israel. All the settlements that had five thousand or more residents at the end of 2011 have been included in the maps. In addition, all the localities in Israel/Palestine that have a special relevance for the arguments developed in one or more chapters have also been included. Map by Marco Allegra and Alessandro Colombo, based on B Tselem, 2013, Settlement Population, XLS, B Tselem website, accessed January 31, 2016, www.btselem.org/download/settlement_population.xls ; and Meron Benvenisti and Shlomo Khayat, 1988, The West Bank and Gaza Atlas (Jerusalem: West Bank Data Base Project/The Jerusalem Post), 8.
Map 2. Selected localities in the Jerusalem area, including the settlements established inside the municipal boundaries of the city. (For additional information about the demography and the political geography of the settlements, see the appendix in this volume.) Map by Marco Allegra and Alessandro Colombo, based on B Tselem, 2013, Settlement Population, XLS, B Tselem website, accessed January 31, 2016, www.btselem.org/download/settlement_population.xls ; and Shai Efrati and B Tselem, 2014, The West Bank: Settlements and the Separation Barrier, B Tselem website, accessed January 31, 2016, http://www.btselem.org/download/201411_btselem_map_of_wb_eng.pdf .
Introduction
The Politics of Everyday Life in the West Bank Settlements
Marco Allegra, Ariel Handel, and Erez Maggor
I N JANUARY 2016, this flat in the Jewish settlement of Ma ale Adumim was presented in the popular website Airbnb: Amazing beautiful and spacious house, in a beautiful quiet suburban city 15 minutes to central Jerusalem. 4 big bedrooms, well equipped kitchen and large and cozy living room with panoramic view to the desert mountains. 1 Nothing in the advertisement hints at the fact that the Israeli town is located beyond the Green Line, in a territory that was occupied in the 1967 war. The controversial status of the location is obscured by a rather conventional description of the apartment, echoing that of tens of thousands of other Airbnb listings: the quality of the facilities available (at $60 a night) to guests, the beauties of the immediate surroundings, and the possibility of a fast, uncomplicated access to major commercial and touristic sites. The banality of the attributes listed by Airbnb hosts, however, illuminates some of the fundamental traits of Israel s settlement project. As a matter of fact, most of the housing units built in the settlements are quite similar to the apartment depicted above and would therefore not appear out of place among the over two million properties in thirty-four thousand cities that Airbnb lists in its website. 2 The fact that the apartment in Ma ale Adumim, as well as others in settlements such as Ariel, Karnei Shomron, or Efrat are presented on the website as being in Israel is also telling, as it points to the role that seemingly prosaic activities such as renting an apartment have in shaping the political and human geography of a contested territory. Indeed, the history of Israel s settlement project has been by and large the history of the normalization of Jewish presence in the West Bank, a history in which the advent of Airbnb to the region represents just the latest episode. The process of normalization, i.e., the ongoing incorporation of the settlements into Israel s social, economic, and administrative fabric underlying the development of Israel s settlement policy is the topic of this volume.
Israel s settlement po