Care, Socialization and Play in Ancient Attica

Maria Sommer, Dion Sommer

Description

Research on children and childhood in ancient Greece is a field in its infancy. This book proposes a new interdisciplinary approach called Developmental Childhood Archaeology. In essence it is an archaeological study based on a collection of material relation to childhood in ancient Attica, dating back to 480-300 B.C. That is, various types of toys, iconographic evidence of children on vases and graves steles, primary written sources on children's lives, and the view on children in the Greek Classical period.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Ancient
• History

Informations

• Publié par: Aarhus University Press
• Date de parution: 31 janvier 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9788771242980
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 23 Mo

Extrait

CARE, SOCIALIZATION AND PLAY IN ANCIENT ATTICA A Developmental Childhood Archaeological Approach

M A R I A S O M M E R A N D D I O N S O M M E R

Care, Socialization, and Play in Ancient Attica

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Care, Socialization, and Play in Ancient Attica

A Developmental Childhood Archaeological Approach

Marîa Sommer and Dîon Sommer

Aarhus University Press | a

This page is protected by copyright and may not be redistributed

Care, Socialization and Play in Ancient Attica © The authors and Aarhus University Press 2015 Layout: Anette Ryevad, Ryevad Grafisk Cover: Jørgen Sparre The book is typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro E-book production: Narayana Press, Gylling, Denmark

ISBN 978 87 7124 298 0

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List of Illustrations7 Acknowledgements11

CONTENTS

Part 115 APPROACHES TO CHILDHOOD IN ANCIENT ATTICA – INTRODUCTION17 Developmental childhood archaeology – an interdisciplinary approach17 A brief prologue17 Childhood archaeology: Interdisciplinarity from the beginning20 Developmental childhood psychology – main propositions22 Child perceptions in ancient Greece: Literary sources and material culture33 Focuses of the book: Time, space, age and specific material evidence37 Content of the book40

Part 243 THE CARE AND SOCIALIZATION OF INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN45 Child-parent relationships in the household – the role of the mother and father45 Beyond sentiment? High child mortality and infanticide51 Multiple care, alloparenting and cooperative breeding57 Infant feeding in the Classical period64 The high chair-potty stool and its functions69 Infant swaddling – evidence and explanations75 Activating the infant – the rattle and adult-child relationships78 Rattling in front of an infant80 The exploring toddler boy82 Sibling relationships85 The religious world of the child – sacral actions and socialization89

Part 3103 YOUNG CHILDREN’S PLAY AND TOYS105 The functions and meanings of play – a brief history105 Did young children really play in ancient Attica? – the iconographic ambiguity109 Children’s play in Classical Attica111 Toys in Classical Attica – the evidence115 Dolls115 Rollers, push- and go carts123

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Other types of children’s toys126 Miniature toys130 Children with pets131 Toys – objects to be used in many ways139 Objects and toys – developmental perspectives143

Part 4147 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES149 Conclusions149 Interpretative validity? – discussion and conclusion A repeated call for interdisciplinarity154

BIBLIOGRAPHY157 INTERNET SOURCES NOTES167 INDEX191

165

Conclusions and perspectives

152

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fîg. 1: Attîc grave stee wît moter, cîd and maîd ser‑ vant.Datîng:Ca. 420‑410 BC.Exîbîted:eîden Rîjksmuseum, înv. no. ï 1930/21. Fîg. 2: Attîc red‑Igure ydrîa sowîng amîy scene. Measurements:H. 34.6 cm. Dîa. 24.6 cm.Datîng: Ca. 440‑430 BC.Exîbîted:Cambrîdge, Harvard Unîversîty o Arts Museums, Artur M. Sacke Mu‑ seum, înv. no. 1960.342. Fîg. 3: Attîc grave stee wît moter, cîd and maîd ser‑ vant.Measurements:H. 1.5 m. W. 1.1 m.Datîng:Ca. 370‑360 BC.Exîbîted:he Nat. Mus. Atens, înv. no. 3790. © Heenîc Mînîstry o Educatîon and Reîgîous Afaîrs, Cuture and Sports /Arcaeoogî‑ ca Receîpts Fund. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 4: he Amparete stee sowîng grandmoter wît grandcîd (boy).Datîng:430‑420 BC.Exîbîted: he Kerameîkos Museum, înv. no. P695. Fîg. 5: Attîc marbe stee rom Pîraeus sowîng ater (Euempoos) wît îs two cîdren (boy în ront, gîr beînd).Measurements:H. 54 cm. W. 41 cm. t t Datîng:century‑eary 4 century BC.ate 5 Ex- îbîted:he Nat. Mus. Atens, înv. no. 778. © He‑ enîc Mînîstry o Educatîon and Reîgîous Afaîrs, Cuture and Sports /Arcaeoogîca Receîpts Fund. Fîg. 6: Attîc marbe stee rom Pîraeus sowîng a ater gîvîng te caracterîstîc departîng andsake.Dat- îng:Ca. 360 BC.Exîbîted:Pîraeus Arcaeoogîca Museum, înv. no. 46. Fîg. 7: Attîc back‑gazed eedîng botte wît decoratîon. Measurements:6.3 cm. Dîa. 9 cm (încudîng H. spout).Datîng:he Cassîca perîod (source he Benakî Museum).Exîbîted:he Benakî Museum, te Ancîent Greek Coectîon, înv. no. 22477. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 8: Red‑Igure ydrîa wît cose‑up depîctîon o breasteedîng moter.Datîng:Ca. 440 BC.Exîb- îted:Berîn‑Staatîce museum, înv. no. F2395. Fîg. 9: Potty stoo în terracotta wît red decoratîon ound în he Atenîan Agora.Measurements:Ca. H. 50 cm. Ca. 20 cm. în dîa. on te top‑bow, te base o te stoo îs ca. 40‑45 cm. în dîa.. Datîng: Ca. 580 BC.Exîbîted:he Agora Museum, Atens, înv. no. Pï18010. Poto by Marîa Sommer.

Fîg. 10: Red‑Igure cous wît todder on potty stoo. Measurements:H. 12 cm.Datîng:Ca. 440‑430 BC.Exîbîted:Brîtîs Museum, ondon, înv. no. 1910.6‑15.4. Fîg. 11: Attîc red‑Igure and wîte‑ground stemess kyîx wît moter and cîd on a potty stoo (by te Sotades Paînter).Measurements:H. 3 cm. Dîa. 12.7 cm.Datîng:Ca. 460 BC.Exîbîted:Musees Royaux, Brusses, înv. no. A890. Fîg. 12: Attîc marbe grave stee wît depîctîon o woman (moter) wît swadded înant.Datîng:375‑350 BC. Measurements:H. 44.5 cm. W. 50.8 cm. D. 9.5 cm. Exîbîted:he Museum o Fîne Arts, Huston, înv. no. 37.25. Fîg. 13: Cub‑saped ratte rom Attîca wît wîte‑ ground and peraps red paînt.Measurements:H. 15 cm. Dîa. 4.5 cm.Datîng:he Cassîca perîod. Exîbîted:he prîvate coectîon o Argyrîadî, te Benakî Toys Department, Paîro, Atens, înv. 12. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 14: Ow‑ratte rom Cyprus made o terracotta wît red decoratîon. Measurements:H. 11.5 cm. Dîa. t 6.4 cm.Datîng:BC.4 century Exîbîted:he prîvate coectîon o Argyrîadî, te Benakî Toys Department, Paîro, Atens, înv. 1093. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 15: Pîg ratte rom Cyprus made o terracotta. Mea- surements:H. 7.7 cm. Dîa. o body 5.9 cm.Datîng: t 4 century BC. Exîbîted:eo Mîden Coectîon, Zurîc. Fîg. 16: Attîc red‑Igure cous wît cîdren (gîr rat‑ tîng a ratte to înant broter). Measurements:H. 8 cm.Datîng:Sorty ater 400 BC. Exîbîted:he Nat. Mus. Atens înv. no. 1258. © Heenîc Mîn‑ îstry o Educatîon and Reîgîous Afaîrs, Cuture and Sports /Arcaeoogîca Receîpts Fund. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 17: Attîc red‑Igure cous wît crawîng mae todder (wears amuets).Datîng:Ca. 420 BC.Exîbîted:he Nat. Mus. Copenagen înv. no. 10120. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 18: Attîc red‑Igure peîke wît crawîng înant, moter and ater. Measurements:H. 18.5 cm.Dat-

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îng:Ca. 430‑420 BC. Exîbîted:Brîtîs Museum, ondon, înv. no. E396. Fîg. 19: Attîc red‑Igure cous wît two mae sîbîngs payîng wît toy roer and cous.Measurements: H. 13 cm.Datîng:About 420 BC.Exîbîted:Nat. Mus. Atens, înv. no. 14509. © Heenîc Mînîstry o Educatîon and Reîgîous Afaîrs, Cuture and Sports /Arcaeoogîca Receîpts Fund. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 20: Attîc red‑Igure cous sowîng boys payîng ba. Measurements:H. 13.7 cm.Datîng:Ca. 425 BC.Ex- îbîted:he Metropoîtan Museum o Art, New York, înv. no. 07.286.4. Fîg. 21: Drawîng o votîve reîe rom Ecînos sowîng t moter presentîng er baby to Artemîs.Datîng:4 century BC.Exîbîted:Arcaeoogîca Museum, amîa, înv. no. AE 1041.Source:Neîs 2003, 145, Ig. 6. Fîg. 22: Attîc red‑Igure cous sowîng a ater pusîng a boy on a swîng.Datîng:Ca. 425 BC.Exîbîted:Nat. Mus. Atens, înv. no. BZ 0319. © Heenîc Mînîs‑ try o Educatîon and Reîgîous Afaîrs, Cuture and Sports /Arcaeoogîca Receîpts Fund. Fîg. 23: Votîve reîe rom Brauron o amîy wît cîd approacîng Artemîs.Datîng:Ca. 450‑400 BC.Ex- îbîted:he Brauron Museum, înv. no. 1171. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 24: Votîve reîe rom Brauron o amîy wît cî‑ dren approacîng Artemîs.Datîng:Ca. 350 BC.Ex- îbîted:he Brauron Museum, înv. no. 1153. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 25: Votîve reîe rom Brauron o amîy o ycoeon wît cîdren approacîng Artemîs (Brauron).Dat- îng:Ca. 340 BC.Exîbîted:he Brauron Museum, înv. no. 1150. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 26: Votîve reîe rom Brauron o amîy o Antîp‑ ates sowîng tree generatîons sacrîIcîng to Arte‑ mîs.Datîng:Ca. 350‑330 BC.Exîbîted:he Brau‑ ron Museum, înv. no. 1151. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 27: Marbe dedîcatory votîve statuette rom Brauron t o crawîng mae înant.Datîng:Eary 4 century. Exîbîted: he Brauron Museum, înv. no. 1196. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 28: Marbe dedîcatory votîve statuette rom Brauron t o sîttîng înant/todder boy.Datîng:cen‑Eary 4 tury.Exîbîted:he Brauron Museum, înv. no. 1160. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 29: Marbe dedîcatory votîve statuette rom Brauron t o boy wît ba, bîrd and îmatîon.Datîng:ate 4 century.Exîbîted:he Brauron Museum, înv. no. 1164. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 30: Marbe ead o smîîng gîr rom a dedîcatory t statue (mîssîng) ound at Brauron.Datîng:‑ate 4

century.Exîbîted:he Brauron Museum. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 31: Corîntîan terracotta do wît paînted cotes t and at. Measurements:H. 12.3 cm. Datîng:Eary 5 century BC. Exîbîted:he Metropoîtan Museum o Art, New York înv. no. 44.ïï.8. Fîg. 32: Attîc seated terracotta do. Measurements:H. t 18 cm. Datîng:Ca. mîd‑5 century BC.Exîbîted: he prîvate coectîon o Argyrîadî, te Benakî Toys Department, Paîro, Atens, înv. 5. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 33: Attîc joînted‑do în terracotta. Measurements: t H. 19 cm. Datîng:Eary 4 century. Exîbîted:he prîvate coectîon o Argyrîadî, te Benakî Toys De‑ partment, Paîro, Atens. Poto by Marîa Som‑ mer. Fîg. 34: Attîc seated terracotta do wît accessorîes. Mea- surements:18 cm.Datîng:Ca. 420 BC. Exîbîted: Brîtîs Museum, ondon, înv. no. GR 1906 3‑14.1 to 5. Fîg. 35: Attîc joînted do în terracotta odîng kroataa. t Measurements:32.H. 19 cm.Datîng:Mîd‑4 cen‑ tury BC.Exîbîted:Museum o Arts, Bowdoîne Coege, Maîne, înv. no. 1913.028. Fîg. 36: Heenîstîc joînted do rom Tanagra. Measure- t ments:H. 35 cm. Datîng:centuryast part o 4 . Exîbîted:he Nat. Mus. Copenagen înv. no. 3738. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 37: Attîc joînted do în terracotta wît earrîngs, a “crown” and strongy wavy “mîd‑Cassîca” aîr t stye. Measurements:H. 15.5 cm. Datîng:ate 5 century BC, peraps around 420.Exîbîted:he Benakî Museum, te Ancîent Greek Coectîon, înv. no. 30829. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 38: Attîc joînted do în terracotta wît “ate Cas‑ sîca” aîr stye.Measurements: Ca. 18 cm.Datîng: t Peraps te second quarter or mîd‑4 century BC. Exîbîted:he Nat. Mus. Atens, Room 56. © He‑ enîc Mînîstry o Educatîon and Reîgîous Afaîrs, Cuture and Sports /Arcaeoogîca Receîpts Fund. Poto by Marîa Sommer. Fîg. 39: Attîc marbe grave stee wît gîr Meîsto odîng a do and dove wîe payîng wît er dog.Mea- surements:H. 95.5 cm. W. 49.2 cm.Datîng:Ca. 340 BC.Exîbîted:Cambrîdge, Harvard Unîversîty o Arts Museums, Artur M. Sacke Museum Apeus Hyatt Purcasîng and Gîts or Specîa Uses Funds în memory o Katerîne Brewster Tayor, as trîbute to er many years at te Fogg Museum, înv. no. 1961.89. Fîg. 40: Attîc Penteîc marbe grave stee wît yout wît do and goose.Measurements:H. 72.5 cm. W.

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