Hunger and War

Description

Drawing on recently released Soviet archival materials, Hunger and War investigates state food supply policy and its impact on Soviet society during World War II. It explores the role of the state in provisioning the urban population, particularly workers, with food; feeding the Red army; the medicalization of hunger; hunger in blockaded Leningrad; and civilian mortality from hunger and malnutrition in other home front industrial regions. New research reported here challenges and complicates many of the narratives and counter-narratives about the war. The authors engage such difficult subjects as starvation mortality, bitterness over privation and inequalities in provisioning, and conflicts among state organizations. At the same time, they recognize the considerable role played by the Soviet state in organizing supplies of food to adequately support the military effort and defense production and in developing policies that promoted social stability amid upheaval. The book makes a significant contribution to scholarship on the Soviet population's experience of World War II as well as to studies of war and famine.

Acknowledgments
List of Terms and Abbreviations
Introduction: The Politics of Food and War / Donald Filtzer and Wendy Z. Goldman
1. Not by Bread Alone: Food, Workers, and the State / Wendy Z. Goldman
2. The State's Pot and Soldier's Spoon: Rations (Paëk) in the Red Army / Brandon Schechter
3. Queues, Canteens, and the Politics of Location in Diaries of the Leningrad Blockade, 1941-42 / Alexis Peri
4. Nutritional Dystrophy: The Science and Semantics of Starvation in World War II / Rebecca Manley
5. Starvation Mortality in Soviet Home-Front Industrial Regions During World War II / Donald Filtzer
Bibliography
Contributors
Index

Sujets

• HISTORY
• Histoire
• San Petersburgo
• Segunda Guerra Mundial
• Saint Petersburg
• General officer
• World War II
• Soviet Union
• History of Europe
• Eastern
• General
• Saint-Pétersbourg
• Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques
• Seconde Guerre mondiale
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 01 juin 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253017161
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

HUNGER AND WAR

HUNGER AND WAR
FOOD PROVISIONING IN THE SOVIET UNION DURING WORLD WAR II
EDITED BY WENDY Z. GOLDMAN AND DONALD FILTZER
This book is a publication of
INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Office of Scholarly Publishing Herman B Wells Library 350 1320 East 10th Street Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
iupress.indiana.edu
2015 by Indiana University Press
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hunger and war : food provisioning in the Soviet Union during World War II / edited by Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-253-01708-6 (cloth : alkaline paper) - ISBN 978-0-253-01712-3 (paperback : alkaline paper) - ISBN 978-0-253-01716-1 (ebook) 1. Food supply-Soviet Union-History. 2. World War, 1939-1945-Food supply-Soviet Union. 3. Rationing-Soviet Union-History. 4. Hunger-Soviet Union-History. 5. Starvation-Soviet Union-History. 6. Nutrition policy-Soviet Union-History. 7. Food supply-Political aspects-Soviet Union-History. 8. World War, 1939-1945-Social aspects-Soviet Union. 9. War and society-Soviet Union-History. 10. Soviet Union-Social conditions-1917-1945. I. Goldman, Wendy Z. II. Filtzer, Donald A.
HD9015.S652H86 2015
363.80947 09044-dc23
2014048990
1 2 3 4 5 20 19 18 17 16 15
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
List of Terms and Abbreviations
Introduction: The Politics of Food and War Donald Filtzer and Wendy Z. Goldman
1 Not by Bread Alone: Food, Workers, and the State Wendy Z. Goldman
2 The State s Pot and the Soldier s Spoon: Rations ( Pa k ) in the Red Army Brandon Schechter
3 Queues, Canteens, and the Politics of Location in Diaries of the Leningrad Blockade, 1941-1942 Alexis Peri
4 Nutritional Dystrophy: The Science and Semantics of Starvation in World War II Rebecca Manley
5 Starvation Mortality in Soviet Home-Front Industrial Regions during World War II Donald Filtzer
Bibliography
Contributors
Index
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
THE EDITORS JOINTLY WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE AMERICAN Council of Learned Societies for a Collaborative Research Fellowship for their project on The Soviet Home Front: Work, Life, and Loyalty during World War II from January 2011 to December 2012. They would also like to thank the Department of History of Carnegie Mellon University for its support of the workshop on Food, Hunger, and Starvation: Feeding Front and Rear during World War II in the Soviet Union, held in April 2012, at which the contributors to this volume presented drafts of their chapters and offered critical comments on each other s work. Finally, thanks are due to Dan Healey and the anonymous reviewer who read the manuscript for Indiana University Press and offered detailed, constructive suggestions on how the volume as a whole and its individual chapters could be integrated and improved.
The research for Donald Filtzer s contribution to this volume is part of a larger project, Health, Disease, and Mortality on the Soviet Home Front During World War II, funded by a Research Leave Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust, grant number WT087202MA, during the academic years September 2009-August 2012. He would like to thank Mark Harrison, Bob Davies, Dan Healey, Dave Leon, and Michael David for their advice and comments on earlier drafts of his chapter. Additional material was collected thanks to a research grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities during February-August 2009 and research leave during July-December 2012, as part of the ACLS Collaborative Research Fellowship, held jointly with Wendy Goldman. He expresses his deepest thanks to the archivists and reading room advisors at the State Archive of the Russian Federation ( GARF ) and the Russian State Archive of the Economy ( RGAE ), and to the librarians at the Central Scientific Medical Library in Moscow.
Wendy Goldman would like to thank the American Council of Learned Societies for its award of the Collaborative Research Fellowship, which made the research and writing of this book possible, and helped fund additional research, publications, and scholarly activity. She is also grateful to the International Department at Russian State University for the Humanities ( RGGU ), and the exchange program between RGGU and Carnegie Mellon University ( CMU ) for facilitating her research in Russia, and the efforts of the staff in GARF , RGAE , and the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History ( RGASPI ) in suggesting and locating materials.
Rebecca Manley s chapter is a much expanded version of papers presented at a conference, The Soviet Union in World War II (Paris, May 2011); at the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies ( ASEEES ) conference in November 2011; and at a workshop, Food, Hunger, and Starvation: Feeding Front and Rear during World War II in the Soviet Union (Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, April 2012). She would like to acknowledge the helpful comments received at these conferences and particularly at the workshop from which this volume evolved. She is grateful to Paul Manley, who served as a medical consultant, to her research assistant, Dinah Jansen, and to Don Filtzer, Dan Healey, and Alexis Peri, who, in addition to commenting on various drafts of her chapter, generously shared research materials with her. Research for this paper was funded by the Queen s University Office of Research Services and the Social Sciences and Humanities Council of Canada and was facilitated by a sabbatical granted by Queen s University.
Alexis Peri would like to thank Middlebury College for its generous financial support in aiding the completion of this chapter. She is also grateful to Joyce Mao, Benjamin Graves, Yumna Siddiqi, Maggie Clinton, Max Ward, Catherine M. Ashcraft, Jamie McCallum, and the other contributors to this volume for comments and critical feedback on earlier drafts. Finally, her heartfelt thanks to Igor Liubovskii and Natal ia Afanas eva who granted her permission to use diaries from their family members, and to Tamara Staleva, Ol ga Prutt, and Tatiana Voronina for helping broker these permissions.
Brandon Schechter would like to thank Thomas Lacqueur, Victoria Frede, Yuri Slezkine, Dan Healey, Jeffrey Hass, Nikita Lomagin, Bair Irincheev, Oleg Budnitsky, Jochen Hellbeck, the members of the Russian History Kruzhok at the University of California, Berkeley, the anonymous reviewer for Indiana University Press, and Milyausha Zakirova for their comments and guidance in writing this chapter. He would also like to thank Konstantin Sergeievich Drozdov, Sergei Vladimirovich Zhuravlev, and Yuri Aleksandrovich Petrov of the Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences ( IRI RAN ) for allowing him access to their fabulous holdings, and the archivists and reading room advisors at RGASPI , GARF , and the National Archive of the Rebublic of Tatarstan ( NART ) for their help in finding materials. Research for this chapter was generously supported by a Dean s Dissertation Research Fellowship from uc Berkeley and a Fulbright International Institute of Education Fellowship.
TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
alimentarnaia distrofiia
nutritional dystrophy, Soviet medical term for starvation or semi-starvation
ASSR
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Avtonomnaia Sovetskaia Sotsialisticheskaia Respublika), autonomous republics within the RSFSR (see below). For example, TASSR (Tatar ASSR ), BASSR (Bashkir ASSR ), etc.
blokadnik (plural, blokadniki )
resident of Leningrad during the blockade
Commissariat
see People s Commissariat
distrofiia
see alimentarnaia distrofiia
DOP
division exchange point ( divizionnyi obmennyi punkt ); in the military, a place where supplies were distributed at division level
doppaek (dopolnitel nyi paek)
supplemental ration given to commanders
fel dsher
paramedic, physician s assistant, medical assistant; in the army also a field nurse
frontovik
frontline soldier
FZO
Factory Training School (Shkola Fabrichno-Zavodskogo Obucheniia) under the Chief Administration of Labor Reserves, a three- or six-month training school for mass trades
GKO
State Committee for Defense (Gosudarstvennyi komitet oborony)
Glavk (plural, Glavki)
Chief Administration, a subdivision of a People s Commissariat
Gossaninspektsiia
State Sanitary Inspectorate (Gosudarstvennaia sanitarnaia inspektsiia), or GSI
GSI
see Gossaninspektsiia
Gulag
Chief Administration of Camps; more generally used as the name for the system of NKVD labor camps (see NKVD )
IMR
Infant mortality rate, calculated as deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births
ispolkom
executive committee ( ispolnitel nyi komitet )
ITR
engineering and technical personnel/specialists ( inzhenerno-tekhnicheskie rabotniki )
kolkhoz
collective farm ( kollektivnoe khoziaistvo )
kolkhoznik (plural, kolkhozniki )
collective farmer or collective farm member
Komsomol
Communist Yo