Threads of Empire

Charles R. Steinwedel

Description

Threads of Empire examines how Russia's imperial officials and intellectual elites made and maintained their authority among the changing intellectual and political currents in Eurasia from the mid-16th century to the revolution of 1917. The book focuses on a region 750 miles east of Moscow known as Bashkiria. The region was split nearly evenly between Russian and Turkic language speakers, both nomads and farmers. Ufa province at Bashkiria's core had the largest Muslim population of any province in the empire. The empire's leading Muslim official, the mufti, was based there, but the region also hosted a Russian Orthodox bishop. Bashkirs and peasants had different legal status, and powerful Russian Orthodox and Muslim nobles dominated the peasant estate. By the 20th century, industrial mining and rail commerce gave rise to a class structure of workers and managers. Bashkiria thus presents a fascinating case study of empire in all its complexities and of how the tsarist empire's ideology and categories of rule changed over time.

Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Steppe Empire, 1552–1730
2. Absolutism and Empire, 1730–1775
3. Empire of Reason, 1773–1855
4. Participatory Empire, 1855–1881
5. The Empire and the Nation, 1881–1904
6. Empire in Crisis, 1905–1907
7. Empire, Nations, and Multinational Visions, 1907–1917
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index

Sujets

• Former Soviet Union
• HISTORY
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Histoire
• URSS
• General officer
• Russia
• Imperialism
• Impérialisme (jeu vidéo)
• General
• Russie

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 09 mai 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9780253019332
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

T HREADS
OF
E MPIRE
T HREADS
OF
E MPIRE
Loyalty and Tsarist Authority in Bashkiria, 1552-1917

C HARLES S TEINWEDEL
INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS
Bloomington Indianapolis
Publication of this book was made possible, in part, by a grant from the First Book Subvention Program of the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
This book is a publication of
Indiana University Press
Office of Scholarly Publishing
Herman B. Wells Library 350
1320 East 10th Street
Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
iupress.indiana.edu
2016 by Charles Steinwedel
Studies of the Harriman Institute
Columbia University
The Harriman Institute, Columbia University, sponsors the Studies of the Harriman Institute in the belief that their publication contributes to scholarly research and public understanding. In this way the Institute, while not necessarily endorsing their conclusions, is pleased to make available the results of some of the research conducted under its auspices.
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No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Steinwedel, Charles.
Title: Threads of empire : loyalty and tsarist authority in Bashkiria, 1552-1917 / Charles Steinwedel.
Description: Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015028816| ISBN 9780253019264 (cloth : alkaline paper) | ISBN 9780253019332 (ebook)
Subjects: LC SH: Bashkortostan (Russia)-Politics and government. | Bashkortostan (Russia)-Intellectual life. | Russia-Relations-Russia-Bashkortostan. | Bashkortostan (Russia)-Relations-Russia. | Russia-Officials and employees-Russia (Federation)-Bashkortostan-History. | Intellectuals-Russia (Federation)-Bashkortostan-History. | Allegiance-Russia (Federation)-Bashkortostan-History. | Authority-Political aspects-Russia (Federation)-Bashkortostan-History. | Imperialism-Social aspects-Russia (Federation)-Bashkortostan-History. | Social change-Russia (Federation)-Bashkortostan-History.
Classification: LCC DK 511.B33 S74 2016 | DDC 947/.43-dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015028816
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To Franny
C ONTENTS
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
1 Steppe Empire, 1552-1730
2 Absolutism and Empire, 1730-1775
3 Empire of Reason, 1773-1855
4 Participatory Empire, 1855-1881
5 The Empire and the Nation, 1881-1904
6 Empire in Crisis, 1905-1907
7 Empire, Nations, and Multinational Visions, 1907-1917
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index
A CKNOWLEDGMENTS
THE GENEROUS SUPPORT of many people over many years made this book possible. I thank Mark von Hagen for introducing me to the study of empire and for his patient guidance. I am grateful to Richard Wortman for generously sharing his broad and deep knowledge of imperial Russia. Steve Kotkin s seminar at Columbia first helped me see the potential of a local study to understand a much larger system. Fred Corney, Peter Holquist, and Yanni Kotsonis have read and discussed drafts of this project since its very inception. I have benefitted immensely from their acute, critical minds and their generosity. Jane Burbank helped steer me toward writing a more expansive book and has been a source of inspiration, insight, and advice.
A work covering such a long period of time has only been possible with the help of many who were willing to give me essential feedback on the manuscript. Willard Sunderland, Adeeb Khalid, and Rob Nemes deserve special thanks for reading the entire work and improving it greatly. Ilya Gerasimov, Alexandra Haugh, Francine Hirsch, Marina Mogilner, David Ransel, Matt Romaniello, William Rosenberg, Sasha Semyonov, Roshanna Sylvester, Paul Werth, and Ben Zajicek helped me to refine and sharpen key parts of the manuscript.
I thank Janet Rabinowitch of Indiana University Press for her support of the project, and for pushing me to write a better, broader book. Upon Janet s retirement, Bob Sloan helped me make the best finished product possible. I thank him, Michelle Sybert, Kira Bennett Hamilton, and Janice Frisch for their efforts. I thank Erick Howenstine for making the maps. I am grateful to Matt Romaniello for locating and scanning an image from the University of Hawaii s collection, and to Aleksandr Iskovskii and Wang Xiyue for their help with obtaining images for the book.
Organizers and participants in a variety of workshops and seminars have improved the manuscript with their thoughtful readings of my work. I thank Yanni Kotsonis and the Jordan Center at New York University; members of the Midwest Russian History Workshop who attended sessions hosted by Ben Eklof and David Ransel at Indiana University and Alexander Martin at Notre Dame University; Norihiro Naganawa and his colleagues from Japan s National Institute for Humanities and Kazan University; Eugene Avrutin, Diane Koenker, John Randolph, and Mark Steinberg and the University of Illinois; Mark von Hagen, Jane Burbank, Anatolyi Remnev, and Pavel Savel ev, the Ford Foundation, Omsk State University, and the Samara Municipal Administration Institute; Nick Breyfogle and the Mershon Center at Ohio State University; and Uli Schamiloglu and the University of Wisconsin.
For their generous financial support of my research, I thank the American Council of Teachers of Russian, the Harriman Institute, the International Research and Exchanges Board ( IREX ), the Social Science Research Council, the COR Grant Committee at Northeastern Illinois University, and the Slavic Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois.
I thank the library staff at Columbia University, the University of Illinois, the Slavic Reference Service at the University of Illinois, Northeastern Illinois University, the Russian National Library, the Russian State Library, and the State Public-Historical Library of Russia for their assistance in locating often-obscure materials. I thank the staff of the Bakhmeteff Archive at Columbia University, the Central State Historical Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan ( TsGIA RB ), the Central Archive of Social Organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan ( TsAOO RB ), the Scholarly Archive of the Ufa Scholarly Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( NA UNTs RAN ), the Natsional nyi Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan ( NA RT ), and the Russian State Historical Archive ( RGIA ). Their professionalism in often-difficult circumstances made my project possible.
This book could not have been written without the support of historians in Ufa who generously shared in print and in person their great knowledge of their local history with an outsider. Although they might not fully agree with my interpretation of their past, I hope my work demonstrates my conviction that their history is of great importance. In Ufa, I thank especially, Bulat Davletbaev, Andrei Egorov, Zufar Enikeev, Marsel Farkhshatov, Il dar Gabdrafikov, Larisa Iamaeva, the late Rail G. Kuzeev, and Father Valerii. Valentina Latypova and Danil Azamatov were particularly helpful and challenging interlocutors. My experience in Ufa and knowledge of the highways and byways of Bashkortostan would have been much poorer without Yuri Afanasev, Fanis Gubaidullin, and Ildus Ilishev. I thank Fanis for his help with Bashkir translations.
In Kazan, I thank Alter Litvin for providing an academic home for me and for introducing me to Ilya Gerasimov and Marina Mogilner, who became generous friends and insightful commentators on my work. I thank Natasha Fedorova, Rustem Tsiunchuk, and Diliara Usmanova for sharing their wide knowledge with me. I thank Elena Campbell, Irina Novikova, Katya Pravilova, and Sasha Semyonov for their help and support in St. Petersburg. In Moscow, Igor and Sveta Baksheev were the most generous hosts and friends a person could hope for.
Chapter 6 contains in revised form material from my article The 1905 Revolution in Ufa: Mass Politics, Elections, and Nationality, which originally appeared in The Russian Review 59, no. 4 (October 2000): 555-576. I thank the editors for their permission to reprint this material.
My greatest disappointment in the long gestation of this project is the fact that some who powerfully influenced me are not here to share the results. Richard Hellie helped me see the importance of early Russian history and believed in me. I still return to insights Leopold Haimson provided during the initial writing. His passion, wisdom, and intellect are sorely missed. Ina Vladimirovna Zhiznevskaia was like a mother to me in Kazan. I miss our talks about history on her balcony. Anatolyi Remnev was among the kindest and most knowledgeable historians of Russia I have had the pleasure of knowing. Susan Rosa was an ideal critic, colleague, and friend. They left us far too soon.
I thank Diane Nemec-Ignashev, Diethelm Prowe, and William Woehrlin for an excellent start in Russian and in history at Carleton College. I had the pleasure of working with Jeffrey Brooks at the University of Chicago and benefited from his insights and suppo